Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Supportive connective tissues: It is a connective tissue in which matrix is rigid and the living cells occur in fluid filled spaces called lacunae. 

(a) Cartilage: 

1. Cartilage is a non-porous, firm but flexible supportive tissue. 
2. It has solid matrix which is composed of chondrin. Secreted by the chondrocytes. Chondrocytes lie in the matrix singly or in groups of two or four surrounded by fluid filled space called lacunae. 
3. Cartilage is present in the tip of nose, outer ear, joints in the vertebral column, limbs and hands in adults. 
4. It provides support and flexibility to various parts of the body. 

(b) Bones: 

1. Bone is a strong, rigid and non- flexible tissue. Bone is the hardest tissue of the body. 
2. It consists of solid matrix with fluid filled lacunae having osteocytes or bone cells. 
3. Matrix is composed of collagenous protein complex called ossein and mineral matter like salts of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. 
4. The hardness of bone is due to deposition of mineral matter (calcium salts and collagen fibres). 
5. The matrix in mammalian bone like in thigh bone is arranged in concentric rings or lamellae around nutrient filled haversian canals. 
6. The osteocytes lie on the lamellae and give out branched processes which join with those of the adjoining cells. 
7. The soft connective tissue present in the bone cavity is known as bone marrow. Sheath of bone is called peri steum. A layer of osteoblasts or bone forming cells lie below it.

Location : Bones are found all around the body. It forms the supportive framework of the body. 

Fluid connective tissue : It consists of cells and matrix without fibers. Plasma is the extra cellular fluid of matrix, the ground substance. Blood and Lymph are two types of fluid connective tissue.

The development of Periplaneta americana is hemimetabolous. 

Nymph: 

(i) Nymph look very much like adult cockroaches, which are given no parental care.

(ii) The hatching cockroaches are left to feed for themselves. 

(iii) They grow by moulting, comprises 13 moults before it reaches an adult form. 

(iv) Last nymphal stage possesses wing pads but no wings.

Cardiac muscles tissue has intercalated discs. Intercalated discs support synchronized contraction of cardiac tissue.

The nitrogen-fixing bacteria reside in the root nodules of the leguminous plants. They convert atmospheric nitrogen into soluble nitrogenous compounds. These nitrogenous compounds make the soil fertile. Hence a legume crop does not require nitrogenous fertilisers.

The study of tissues is called histology, or microscopic anatomy. The term histology was coined by Meyer.

The process in which water bodies like lake or slow-moving streams receive an extra amount of nutrients that help in the growth of plants such as algae, plant weeds. This type of plant growth is called algal bloom and this whole process is termed as eutrophication. 

Example: During heavy rainfall nutrients from fields are washed away and is accumulated in the nearest water body.

Manure is classified into two types according to the biological material used:

(i) Composting: It is the process in which farm waste material (cow dung, domestic waste, sewage waste etc) is decomposed in pits. Compost is the aerobically decomposed remnants of organic matter which is rich in nutrients.

(ii) Vermicomposting: It is the process which involve use of earthworms to hasten the process of decomposition of plant and animal refuse.

• It is less rich in nutrients. 

• It may lead to spreading of some harmful bacteria

Once the nutrients get absorbed in the pond water, it would acquire a high concentration of nitrates and phosphates which would result in the excessive growth of algae and phytoplankton in the pond.

Manure is an organic substance and is prepared by the decomposition of plant and animal wastes.

Monocytes and Neutrophils

Advantages of fertilizer over manure: 

• Improves the structure of the soil. 

• Increases its ability to hold water and nutrients. 

• Improves water movement into the soil.

• These are a good source of macronutrients. 

• Improves soil fertility. 

• Cost-effective. 

• Reduces soil erosion and leaching. 

• Improves the physical properties of the soil and aerates the soil. 

• Improves the water and nutrient holding capacity of the soil.

Hepatic portal system : 

(i) It carries blood from the alimentary canal and its associated glands to the liver. 

(ii) It consists of a large hepatic portal vein that receives a number of tributaries. 

(iii) The tributaries are namely oesophageal, gastric, duodeno-pancreatic, intestinal, splenic and rectal.

Advantages of Manure are:

• Manures helps in enriching the soil with organic matter and nutrients.
• It helps in increasing the soil fertility.
• Water holding capacity of soil is increased.
• Helps in improving soil texture.
• Save our environment from excessive use of fertilizers.

Frog exhibits sexual dimorphism. This means that the male and female frog can be distinguished by their external features. 

The male frog possesses vocal sacs which are most developed during the breeding season and also a copulatory pad on the first digit of the fore limbs which are absent in female frogs.

Malpighian tubules are fine, unbranched yellow tubules that lies more or less in the haemocoel, and open into alimentary canal. 

Function: 

(i) They absorb nitrogenous waste products. 

(ii) They convert the nitrogenous waste products into uric acid which is excreted out.

Science dealing with the nervous system and its disorders is called neurology.

(i) Bone marrow 

(ii) Lymphocytes (Kind of W.B.Cs.) 

(iii) Thrombocytes (Kind of blood cell) 

(iv) Muscular tissue 

(v) Nervous tissue 

(vi) Epithelial tissue

Leucocytes are known as white blood cells (WBC). They are oval/rounded or irregular in shape. WBCs have nuclei but are devoid of haemoglobin. 

They are of two kinds: 

(1) granulocytes, and (2) agranulocytes. 

Granulocytes possess granules of varying sizes and have lobed nuclei. 

They are of three kinds: 

(1) basophils, (2) acidophils, (3) neutrophils 

based on the staining feature. Monocytes and lymphocytes are two types of agranulocytes. They are non-granular and always have only one nuclei in individual cell.

Various methods of fertilizer application are: 

Broadcasting 

1. It refers to spreading fertilizers uniformly all over the field.

2. Suitable for crops with dense stand, the plant roots permeate the whole volume of the soil, large doses of fertilizers are applied and insoluble phosphatic fertilizers such as rock phosphate are used.

Placement 

1. It refers to the placement of fertilizers in soil at a specific place with or without reference to the position of the seed.

2. Placement of fertilizers is normally recommended when the quantity of fertilizers to apply is small, development of the root system is poor, the soil has a low level of fertility and to apply phosphatic and potassic fertilizer. 

Foliar application 

1. It refers to the spraying of fertilizer solutions containing one or more nutrients on the foliage of growing plants. 

2. Several nutrient elements are readily absorbed by leaves when they are dissolved in water and sprayed on them. 

3. The concentration of the spray solution has to be controlled, otherwise serious damage may result due to scorching of the leaves. 

4. Foliar application is effective for the application of minor nutrients like iron, copper, boron, zinc and manganese. Sometimes insecticides are also applied along with fertilizers.

Haemolymph is the blood of cockroach having composed of colourless plasma and many corpuscles called haemocytes.

The young one of an animal that resembles the adult in its mode of life but differs in structure is called nymph. e.g., young one of cockroach.

The function of nephridia is Excretion.

There are of three types of nephridia in the earthworm, viz., septal nephridia, integumentary nephridia and pharyngeal nephridia.

It increases the absorptive surface of the intestine.

(B) sickle – cell anaemia

In which disease, does the RBC of a person becomes half moon-shaped is sickle – cell anaemia.

Students may come up with practical solutions during the course of discussion.

The following items are required – seeds and seedlings of vegetable plants from nursery, kitchen waste, water. 

Steps for raising the garden: 

1. Kitchen waste will be collected and composted in a pit. 

2. A patch of land will be identified for the garden. 

3. Soil will be dug up and levelled with the help of a spade. 

4. Sowing of seeds / transplanting of seedlings. 

5. Select seeds/seedlings as per the season. Water the plants regularly with a water-can. 

6. Compost will be applied. 

7. Weeds will be removed periodically with the help of Khurpi.

Khariff : Maize , Paddy, Groundnut, Cotton. 

Rabi : Mustard, Pea, Wheat, Gram.

Rabi crops – The crops grown in winter season are called rabi crops. The winter season in India is generally from October to March. 

Examples- wheat, gram, etc.

The table lamp of Mukesh’s room was not working. To repair it, the mother called the electrician.

Rakesh was ………………………..she said. 

हिन्दी अनुवाद- राकेश बहुत उत्तेजित था । वह उसकी परीक्षा का अंतिम दिन था। उसकी छुट्टियाँ प्रारम्भ होने को थीं। वह बड़ी प्रसन्नता से घर वापस गया। जैसे ही वह घर पहुँचा उसने अपना बस्ता एक कोने में रखा और अपने भाई के कमरे की तरफ भागा। उसकी माँ ने कहा, “राकेश, अपने भाई को परेशान मत करो। उसकी परीक्षा अभी खत्म नहीं हुई हैं।” राकेश मायूसी से अपने कमरे में वापस आ गया। उसका भाई मुकेश बोर्ड की परीक्षा की तैयारी कर रहा था। उसके माता-पिता मुकेश को परेशान नहीं करना चाहते थे। कुछ देर बाद उसकी माँ ने आवाज़ लगाई, “राकेश?” “हाँ, माँ” उसने उत्तर दिया और माँ के कमरे की तरफ दौड पड़ा। उसने उत्सुकता से पूछा, “क्या बात है माँ?” “मुकेश के कमरे का टेबल लैम्प नहीं चल रहा है। उसे उसकी आवश्यकता है। जाओ और बिजली मिस्त्री को बुलाओ,” उन्होंने कहा।

हिन्दी अनुवाद- “माँ, क्या मुकेश उसे स्वयं ठीक नहीं कर सकता? वह इस काम में अच्छा है,” राकेश ने कहा। राकेश, बहस मत करो। जैसे कहा है वैसा करो,” उन्होंने कठोरतापूर्वक कही। संयोग से इस बात को सुनकर, मुकेश बाहर आया और बोला, “ओह! माँ, कृपया मुझे प्रयास करने दो। इसमें आधे घण्टे से अधिक समय नहीं लगेगा।” “नहीं, अपना समय बर्बाद नहीं करो। जाओ और पढ़ो,” उन्होंने कठोरतापूर्वक कहा। शान्तिपूर्वक, मुकेश अपने कमरे में वापस आ गया परन्तु वह अपनी पढ़ाई में ध्यान नहीं लगा पा रहा था। वह अपने बिजली उपकरणों के बॉक्स को प्रयोग करने का उत्सुक था। मुकेश ने प्रत्येक उपकरण का बहुत ध्यान से चुनाव किया था। वह उसकी तरफ देखता रहा। वह स्वयं को रोक नहीं सका और अन्ततः लैम्प को ठीक करने के लिए उठा। जब तक राकेश वापस आया, मुकेश लैम्प की मरम्मत कर चुका था। । “वाह! मुकेश तुम बहुत प्रतिभाशाली हो। मैं जानता था कि तुम इसे कर सकोगे,” राकेश ने कहा। “परेशानी के लिए खेद है श्रीमान यादव, काम पहले ही हो चुका है,” माँ ने बिजली मिस्त्री को कहा। “मैं सुनिश्चित हूँ यह मुकेश ने ही किया होगा। आपके पास पहले से ही घर में एक निपुण बिजली मिस्त्री है,” श्रीमान यादव ने कहा और मुस्करा कर चले गए। 

Now stop wasting …………………good luck. 

हिन्दी अनुवाद- “अब अपना समय बर्बाद करना बंद करो और अपनी पढ़ाई वापस से शुरू करो,” माँ ने मुकेश को कहा। परिणामों की घोषणा के दिन, मुकेश अपने माता-पिता के साथ स्कूल गया। मुकेश ने कक्षा में प्रथम स्थान प्राप्त किया था। माँः अब एक अच्छे कॉलेज में दाखिला लेना तुम्हारे लिए आसान होगा। मुकेशः माँ, मैं कॉलेज जाना नहीं चाहता। पिताजी, मैं एक ऐसा कोर्स करना चाहता हूँ जिसकी मदद से मैं अपने शौक को पेशा बना सकें। अगले दिन वह अपने पिता के साथ तकनीकि प्रशिक्षण संस्थान गया। वहाँ उसे अपनी पसंद के कोर्स में दाखिला मिल गया। (कुछ सालों के बाद…) घर से निकलते समय सभी प्रसन्न दिख रहे थे। मुकेश ने एक नई दुकान लगाई थी और वे सब उसके उद्घाटन के लिए जा रहे थे। उद्घाटन की रस्म के समय, मुकेश ने राकेश को आगे आने और रिबन काटने को कहा। सभी ने तालियाँ बजाईं और मुकेश को शुभकामनाएँ दीं।

Mukesh was preparing for his board exams. Therefore, the parents did not want to disturb Mukesh.

Mukesh was preparing for his board exams. Therefore, the parents did not want to disturb Mukesh.

Mukesh wanted to join a course that could help him to take up his hobby as profession.

Mukesh wanted to join a course that could help him to take up his hobby as profession.

abdominal pain, diarrhoea, vomiting

Plant food materials: Grains, cereals, vegetables, leafy vegetables and fruits. 

Animal food materials: 

Meat, egg, milk and honey.

• If the food is not preserved properly, it can be attacked by germs and get spoiled. 
• Eating of such spoiled food causes food poison. 
• Eating such poisonous food causes abdominal pain, diarrhoea, vomiting, etc. 
• And sometimes it also leads to death.

Eating the food material after the expiry date may spoil our health. 

Homemade food is always good, healthy and hygienic.

1. No. So many people are not getting enough food to live. 

2. Food is not produced enough to meet the needs of overgrowing population. 

3. Many people are ignoring the importance of food. They are wasting the food by cooking in large quantities and throwing away during functions even in our day to day life. 

4. Food is very precious – Don’t waste it.

It is necessary to take the right decision at a right time because it leads to success. A wrong decision taken at a particular time can result in ruining the future.

When it was time to get her married.

Mukesh got admission in Technical Training Institute.

Mukesh got admission in Technical Training Institute.

Bushi learnt not to underestimate anybody, especially women.