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IANA is an affiliated authority of ICANN. IANA does the overall management of the DNS Root, IP addressing, and other Internet protocol resource handling. IANA takes care of a number of key aspects of the DNS, including the root zone, and the domains .int and .arpa. https: //www.iana.org/

While typing the URL in browser, the browser send the URL to DNS

HTTP server is used to host the websites and to deliver the contents of websites using 

(d) Top Level Domain

Jan Postel was known as “God of the Internet” .

Internet Protocol

(c) Internet Protocol

(d) All of these

DNS Components: There are three important components in the Domain Name System.  

They are: 

1. Namespace 

2. Name server 

3. Zone

1. Name Space: 

The domain names must be very unique and appropriate.

The names should be selected from a namespace. The name space can be organized in two ways

Flat name space

Hierarchical name space

Flat name space is where the name is assigned to the IP address. They do not have any specific structure.

Hierarchical name space is where the name is made up of several parts. The first part may represent the nature of organization, the second part may represent the name of organization, and third part may represent the department of the organization.

Domain name space was designed to achieve hierarchical name space.

2. Name Servers:

The information which needs to be stored in Domain name space is quite large. Single system would be inefficient to store such a huge amount as responding to requests from all over the world. It also becomes unreliable because in case of any failure the data becomes inaccessible.

Name Server is a main part in the Domain Name System (DNS). It trAnswer:late the domain names to IP addresses.

Name server contains the DNS database which consists of domain names and their corresponding IP addresses.

There is a need to store large number of domain names for the world wide usage, so plenty of servers are used in the hierarchical manner.

Name servers do the important task of searching the domain names. While you searching a website, Local Name server (provided by ISP) ask the different name servers until one of them find out your Answer:wer. At last it returns IP address for that domain name.

3. Zone: 

The entire name space is divided into many different zones. It is the area up to which the server has access.

Zone is defined as a group of contiguous domains and sub domains. If the zone has a single domain, then zone and domain are the same.

Every zone has the server which contains a database called zone file. Using the zone file, the DNS server replies the queries about hosts in its zone. There are two copies of zone files available, Master file and slave file.

The name space can be organized in two ways 

1. Flat name space

2. Hierarchical name space

URL is made up four parts-protocols, hostname, folder name and file name. Each part has its own specific functions. Depending on the applications, additional information can be added to the URL but the common and fundamental URL consists of these four parts.

Inverse domain performs the opposite task of normal DNS query. It converts the IP address to domain name.

Absolute URL:

1. Absolute URL is the complete address of a document on the Internet.

2. Absolute URL contains all the information that are required to find the files on the . Internet.

3. If any of the four parts is missing then the browser would not able to link to the specific file. So, all the four parts is very important in absolute URL.

Relative URL:

1. Relative URL is the partial address of a document on the Internet.

2. Relative URL contains only file name or file name with folder name.

3. We can use this type of URL when the file is on the same server related to original document.

Web Address:

1. A Web Address more commonly defines a unique name that helps people remember a URL

2. It is usually in simpler form such as Amazon.com

3. Generally your browser will recognize the proper URL when you type in a web address

URL:

1. URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. A is the address of a particular website, audio stream or document available on the web

2. URL’s consist of the Internet protocol needed to access the item you wish to locate on the host computer.

Domain Name:

1. com

2. edu

3. gov

4. mil

Meaning:

1. Commercial Organisation 

2. Educational Institution

3. Government (US)

4. Military groups

IPv4:

1. IPv4 address is a 32 bit unique address given to a computer system

2. The number of address that can be formed is 232

3. It is represented by Binary notation Dotteddecimal notation

IPv6:

1. IPv6 address is a 128 bit unique address given to a computer system

2. The number of addresses formed in IPv6 is 2128

3. It is represented by 4 digit Hexadecimal numbers.

Domain Name System (DNS) maintains all the directory of domain names/host names and help us to access the websites using the domain/host names. To enable the use of domain names in a network, the Domain Name System (DNS) is used.

There are 2 ways of IPV4 address representations

(c) (i) and (iii)

Top level domain

(a) (i) (iii)

(b) Domain Name System

URL is the address of a document on the Internet

1. The resolver is a program which is responsible for initiating the trAnswer:lation of a domain name into an IP address.

2. Since a resolver is stored in the host, there is no need of any protocol to form a connection between the resolver and the user program.

Generic top level domains are maintained by IANA

(c) Bangladesh

(b)  4 digit

In IPV6 address, the 128 bits are divided into 8 16-bits blocks.

(d) Hexadecimal

(d) 0 to 127

(a) The root element always represents the pointer

(c) Uniform Resource Locator

Binary, Dotted-Decimal

dotted-decimal

If the protocol uses ‘n’ bits then the address space of that protocol would be 2ⁿ

The domain can be further divided into subdomain

Spaces is not allowed while giving domain names

IPV4 address is a 32 bit unique address given to a computer

(d) 10001111

Internet Protocol (IP) address is simply the logical address in the network layer. Like how the door number/flat number is used to differentiate individual house from others in the same apartment IP address is also used to find the host system in the whole network.

Correct option is: (iii) sleeping on the ground

Correct option is: (iii) increases

Correct option is: (ii) will not change

Force, F = 2.5 × 10¹⁰N 

Velocity, v = 5 m/s 

Time, t = 2 minutes = 120 s 

Distance, s = vt = 600m 

Work done, W = Fs = 15 × 10¹² J

Storing of water in the reservoir is an example of a body which possess energy even when it is not in motion. The energy stored by this water is known as potential energy. This is dependent on the position of the body.

The WHOIS is a service of ICANN. It is a free, publicly available directory containing the details of registered domain names and their owners (registrants), https:// whois.icann.org/en

Name Servers:

1. The information which needs to be stored in Domain name space is quite large. Single system would be inefficient and insufficient to store such a huge amount as responding to requests from all over the world. It also becomes unreliable because in case of any failure the data becomes inaccessible.

2. The solution to this problem is to distribute the information among many computers. The best way to do that is to divide the entire space into many domains and sub domains 

3. DNS also allows domains to be further divided into sub domains. By this, the solution to the problem is obtained and hierarchy of servers is also maintained.

4. Name servers store the data and provide it to clients when queried by them. Name Servers are programs that run on a physical system and store all the zone data.

5. Name Server is a main part in the Domain Name System (DNS). It translate the domain names to IP addresses.

6. Name server contains the DNS database which consists of domain names and their corresponding IP addresses.

7. There is a need to store large number of domain names for the world wide usage, so plenty of servers are used in the hierarchical manner.

8. Name servers do the important task of searching the domain names. While you searching a website, Local Name server (provided by ISP) ask the different name servers until one of them find out your Answer:wer. At last it returns IP address for that domain name.

Types of Name Servers

There are three types of Name Servers which control the entire Domain Name System:

(i) Root Name Server – top level server which contains entire DNS tree, maintained by ICANN. There are 13 servers.

(ii) Primary/Master Name Server – contains a zone resource records. These records are updatable by domain name holders such as organizations.

(iii) Secondary/Slave Name Server – contains a copy of primary server files. This server has no authority to update, but reduce the workload of master server by sharing the queries.

Potential energy is possessed by the body even when it is not in motion. For example: a stone at a height has the gravitational potential energy due to its raised position.

(a) Potential energy 

(b) Potential energy and kinetic energy

(c) Kinetic energy

Domain is a subtree in domain name space tree structure