125876 + Interview Questions in General QA

1.	…………. was the first man landing mission to go to the Moon. (a) Apollo 8 (b) Apollo 11 (c) Chandrayaan – 1 (d) Chandrayaan – 2
Answer» (b) Apollo 11

Discussion

2.	Read the following passage carefully. A visit to an exhibition is a novel experience. An exhibition which I visited recently was very interesting. It was one of the largest exhibitions ever held. Being a Sunday there were many visitors that made it difficult to walk.Men, women, and children in their colourful and best dresses were there. At the booking counter there were long queues. I bought tickets and entered the exhibition grounds. Our parents and I enjoyed the exhibition for a long time. The grounds were tastefully decorated. There were stalls and pavilion of ministries, companies, and states. There were hundreds of exhibits for the domestic use. By the time we came out of the German pavilion, we were very tired. We went to a coffee shop and had hot coffee. My mother bought a shawl. There was a village complex with many village singers, jugglers, and folk artists. The puppet show was very amusing. Now answer the following questions a) What is necessary to visit the exhibition?b) Who is a juggler?c) When is it difficult to go around in exhibition? i) Sunday ii) Tuesday iii) Working dayd) What was very entertaining for the author? i) Stalls ii) Coffee shopiii) Puppet showe) What did the writer’s family do when they were tired? i) They sat down and relaxed. ii) They went to a coffee shop and had coffee. iii) They bought toys and shawl iv) They went home.
Answer» a. An entrance ticket b. One who does magic is a juggler. c. i) Sunday d. iii) Puppet show e. ii) They went to a coffee shop and had coffee.

2.

Read the following passage carefully. A visit to an exhibition is a novel experience. An exhibition which I visited recently was very interesting. It was one of the largest exhibitions ever held. Being a Sunday there were many visitors that made it difficult to walk.Men, women, and children in their colourful and best dresses were there. At the booking counter there were long queues. I bought tickets and entered the exhibition grounds. Our parents and I enjoyed the exhibition for a long time. The grounds were tastefully decorated. There were stalls and pavilion of ministries, companies, and states. There were hundreds of exhibits for the domestic use. By the time we came out of the German pavilion, we were very tired. We went to a coffee shop and had hot coffee. My mother bought a shawl. There was a village complex with many village singers, jugglers, and folk artists. The puppet show was very amusing. Now answer the following questions a) What is necessary to visit the exhibition?b) Who is a juggler?c) When is it difficult to go around in exhibition? i) Sunday ii) Tuesday iii) Working dayd) What was very entertaining for the author? i) Stalls ii) Coffee shopiii) Puppet showe) What did the writer’s family do when they were tired? i) They sat down and relaxed. ii) They went to a coffee shop and had coffee. iii) They bought toys and shawl iv) They went home.

Answer»

a. An entrance ticket

b. One who does magic is a juggler.

c. i) Sunday

d. iii) Puppet show

e. ii) They went to a coffee shop and had coffee.

Discussion

3.	Read the following passage carefully. Sally jumped up as soon as she saw the surgeon come out of the operating room. She said : “How is my little boy? Is he going to be alright? When can I see him? The surgeon said, “I’m sorry. We did all we could, but your boy didn’t make it”. Sally said, “Why do little children get cancer? Doesn’t God care anymore? Where were you, God, when my son needed you?”The surgeon asked, “Would you like some time alone with your son? One of the nurses will be out in a few minutes, before he’s transported to the university”.Sally asked the nurse to stay with her while she said goodbye to son. She ran her fingers through his curly hair. “Would you like a lock of his hair?” the nurse said. She cut a lock of the boy’s hair and gave it to Sally in a plastic bag. Sally said, “It was Jimmy’s idea to donate his body to the university for study. He said it might help somebody else,” she continued, “My Jimmy had a heart of gold. Always thinking of someone else. Always wanting to help others if he could”. Now answer the following questions. a) Who was admitted in the hospital?b) What was the boy suffering from?c) Where will the boy be taken after the surgery? i) to his home ii) to hospital iii) to university iv) to a clinicd) What did the nurse offer Sally as a token of memory? i) a gold win ii) a big chest of clothes iii) the boy’s clothes iv) a lock of hair of the boye) Why was the boy taken to the university? i) to be operatedii) to get good treatment iii) to be helpful for the study of others iv) to help the doctors
Answer» a. Sally’s son b. Cancer c. iii) to university d. iv) a lock of hair of the boy e. iii) to be helpful for the study of others

3.

Read the following passage carefully. Sally jumped up as soon as she saw the surgeon come out of the operating room. She said : “How is my little boy? Is he going to be alright? When can I see him? The surgeon said, “I’m sorry. We did all we could, but your boy didn’t make it”. Sally said, “Why do little children get cancer? Doesn’t God care anymore? Where were you, God, when my son needed you?”The surgeon asked, “Would you like some time alone with your son? One of the nurses will be out in a few minutes, before he’s transported to the university”.Sally asked the nurse to stay with her while she said goodbye to son. She ran her fingers through his curly hair. “Would you like a lock of his hair?” the nurse said. She cut a lock of the boy’s hair and gave it to Sally in a plastic bag. Sally said, “It was Jimmy’s idea to donate his body to the university for study. He said it might help somebody else,” she continued, “My Jimmy had a heart of gold. Always thinking of someone else. Always wanting to help others if he could”. Now answer the following questions. a) Who was admitted in the hospital?b) What was the boy suffering from?c) Where will the boy be taken after the surgery? i) to his home ii) to hospital iii) to university iv) to a clinicd) What did the nurse offer Sally as a token of memory? i) a gold win ii) a big chest of clothes iii) the boy’s clothes iv) a lock of hair of the boye) Why was the boy taken to the university? i) to be operatedii) to get good treatment iii) to be helpful for the study of others iv) to help the doctors

Answer»

a. Sally’s son

b. Cancer

c. iii) to university

d. iv) a lock of hair of the boy

e. iii) to be helpful for the study of others

Discussion

4.	who was I Lencho ? Why did he write a letter to God? who received the letter and what did he do ?
Answer» Lencho was a hard-working farmer with a large family. Once the much needed and pleasant rain was followed by very large hailstones and the corn standing in Lencho’s field was totally destroyed. Nothing was left for the poor Lencho and his family. So, he wrote a letter to God, asking Him for one hundred pesos in order to sow his field again and live until the new crops came. The letter was received by a postman. The postmaster also read it and was moved. He collected seventy pesos and sent it to Lencho.

Discussion

5.	what was Lencho’s worry? what help did he seek from God?
Answer» Lencho was a hard-working farmer with a large family. Once the much needed and pleasant rain was followed by very large hailstones and the corn standing in Lencho’s field was totally destroyed. Nothing was left for the poor Lencho and his family. So, he wrote a letter to God, asking Him for one hundred pesos in order to sow his field again and live until the new crops came. The letter was received by a postman. The postmaster also read it and was moved. He collected seventy pesos and sent it to Lencho.

Discussion

6.	What circumstances forced Lencho to seek help from God ?
Answer» Lencho was a hard-working farmer with a large family. Once the much needed and pleasant rain was followed by very large hailstones and the corn standing in Lencho’s field was totally destroyed. Nothing was left for the poor Lencho and his family. So, he wrote a letter to God, asking Him for one hundred pesos in order to sow his field again and live until the new crops came. The letter was received by a postman. The postmaster also read it and was moved. He collected seventy pesos and sent it to Lencho.

Discussion

7.	why did the postmaster laugh at Lencho’s letter?
Answer» The postmaster laughed at Lencho’s letter because it was addressed to God.

Discussion

8.	The bar graph below shows the Sex ratio of females per 1000 males. Study the graph and answer the questions.Now, answer the following questions.a) What is the Rural female population during 2001?b) What is the difference in the population from 2001 to 2011?c) How many females are existing in urban areas in 2011? i) 946 ii) 900iii) 926 iv) 947d) The ratio of male : female in 2011 in rural area is i) 1000 : 933 ii) 1000 : 947 iii) 900 : 1000 iv) 946 : 1000e) Which of the following statements is true according to the graph representation? i) In 2011, the urban female population is lesser than the total population. ii) The female population decreased in 2011 when compared to 2001. iii) The male and female population is same in 2001 in rural areas.
Answer» a. 946 females b. The population has increased in 10 years of time. c. iii) 926 d. ii) 1000 : 947 e. i) In 2011, the urban female population is lesser than the total population.

8.

The bar graph below shows the Sex ratio of females per 1000 males. Study the graph and answer the questions.Now, answer the following questions.a) What is the Rural female population during 2001?b) What is the difference in the population from 2001 to 2011?c) How many females are existing in urban areas in 2011? i) 946 ii) 900iii) 926 iv) 947d) The ratio of male : female in 2011 in rural area is i) 1000 : 933 ii) 1000 : 947 iii) 900 : 1000 iv) 946 : 1000e) Which of the following statements is true according to the graph representation? i) In 2011, the urban female population is lesser than the total population. ii) The female population decreased in 2011 when compared to 2001. iii) The male and female population is same in 2001 in rural areas.

Answer»

a. 946 females

b. The population has increased in 10 years of time.

c. iii) 926

d. ii) 1000 : 947

e. i) In 2011, the urban female population is lesser than the total population.

Discussion

9.	Read the following passage carefully. There was a Guru who had mastered the scriptures. One day when he was teaching the Vedas to his disciples, a cat started moving around. This did not disturb the Guru, but was a distraction to some of his disciples. So the Guru nstructed his disciples to get hold of the cat and tie it to pillar. As the nuisance recurred on the following days, the cat was regularly tethered to the pillar before the Guru began his teaching.Some years later the Guru died. One of his disciples became the new head. The practice of tethering the cat to the pillar continued. After a few months the cat died. When the Guru began his teaching the next day he noticed that the cat was missing. He said, “Don’t you know that a cat must be tied to the pillar during my teaching? That is our tradition. Go and find a cat”. The disciples immediately obeyed the order. Blindly following traditions, thus, is foolish and serves no purpose.Now, answer the following questions. a) Why were the disciples distracted?b) What was done to prevent the cat from roaming about?c) Who became the new head? i) One of the disciples of the Guru ii) The cat iii) All the disciplesd) What practice continued after the new Guru took charge? i) Keeping the cat near the Guru ii) Tethering the cat to the pillar iii) Making it go round the pillare) Choose the correct statement from the following. i) The new Guru was foolish because he was blindly following a practice. ii) The new Guru was foolish because he was fond of cats. iii) The new Guru was foolish because he disliked traditions.
Answer» a. A cat’s moving around distracted the disciples. b. The cat was tied to the pillar. i) One of the disciples of the Guru ii) Tethering the cat to the pillar c. i) The new Guru was foolish because he was blindly following a practice.

9.

Read the following passage carefully. There was a Guru who had mastered the scriptures. One day when he was teaching the Vedas to his disciples, a cat started moving around. This did not disturb the Guru, but was a distraction to some of his disciples. So the Guru nstructed his disciples to get hold of the cat and tie it to pillar. As the nuisance recurred on the following days, the cat was regularly tethered to the pillar before the Guru began his teaching.Some years later the Guru died. One of his disciples became the new head. The practice of tethering the cat to the pillar continued. After a few months the cat died. When the Guru began his teaching the next day he noticed that the cat was missing. He said, “Don’t you know that a cat must be tied to the pillar during my teaching? That is our tradition. Go and find a cat”. The disciples immediately obeyed the order. Blindly following traditions, thus, is foolish and serves no purpose.Now, answer the following questions. a) Why were the disciples distracted?b) What was done to prevent the cat from roaming about?c) Who became the new head? i) One of the disciples of the Guru ii) The cat iii) All the disciplesd) What practice continued after the new Guru took charge? i) Keeping the cat near the Guru ii) Tethering the cat to the pillar iii) Making it go round the pillare) Choose the correct statement from the following. i) The new Guru was foolish because he was blindly following a practice. ii) The new Guru was foolish because he was fond of cats. iii) The new Guru was foolish because he disliked traditions.

Answer»

a. A cat’s moving around distracted the disciples.

b. The cat was tied to the pillar.

i) One of the disciples of the Guru

ii) Tethering the cat to the pillar

c. i) The new Guru was foolish because he was blindly following a practice.

Discussion

10.	Why did Lencho need help from God ?
Answer» The rain with large hailstorm had ruined Lencho’s field of ripe corn. So he was sad. His only hope was—help from God. So he asked God for money.

Discussion

11.	Why did Lencho ask God for money?
Answer» The rain with large hailstorm had ruined Lencho’s field of ripe corn. So he was sad. His only hope was—help from God. So he asked God for money.

Discussion

12.	What do you mean by Human Rights?
Answer» Human Rights are those conditions of social life without which no man can be his best self.

Discussion

13.	Why is disarmament necessary? Give one reason.
Answer» To save humanity from total destruction.

Discussion

14.	Do tea lqvers generally like strong tea or weak tea?
Answer» Tea lovers generally love strong tea.

Discussion

15.	Why should tea be directly added to the pot?
Answer» Tea should be added directly to the pot because imprisoning tea leaves in strainers, muslin bags or other devices can be really harmful.

Discussion

16.	What is the contribution of India in the achievements of the U.N. ?
Answer» World peace is the main part of India’s foreign policy and India has always co-operated in the achievements of the U.N.O. : India has always contributed on a large scale to peace keeping forces of the U.N. India had sent a team of doctors to treat the wounded soldiers in the Korean wan. Indian delegates holding various posts in the U.N. have contributed to the welfare with their knowledge and experience. The great ideals of ‘Panchsheel’ are a gift of India to the world. Thus, the contribution of India in the achievements of the objectives of United Nations is noteworthy.

16.

What is the contribution of India in the achievements of the U.N. ?

Answer»

World peace is the main part of India’s foreign policy and India has always co-operated in the achievements of the U.N.O. :

India has always contributed on a large scale to peace keeping forces of the U.N.
India had sent a team of doctors to treat the wounded soldiers in the Korean wan.
Indian delegates holding various posts in the U.N. have contributed to the welfare with their knowledge and experience.
The great ideals of ‘Panchsheel’ are a gift of India to the world. Thus, the contribution of India in the achievements of the objectives of United Nations is noteworthy.

Discussion

17.	Write a short note on the following:(1) General Assembly(2) Security Council(3) Need for disarmament
Answer» (1) General Assembly : The organization of countries to discuss and solve international issues. The General Assembly of United Nations (U.N.) can also be called the ‘World Parliament’. Representatives of all member nations attend it. The General Assembly is the biggest organ of the U.N. Every member nation can send at least five representatives to the General Assembly. But every member nation has a right to cast only one vote. The meeting of the General Assembly is held regularly once a year in the month of September. The General Assembly elects its president and vice president every year. Mrs Vijayalaxmi Pandit of India was elected as the President of the General Assembly of United Nations in 1953-54. The assembly presented the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on 10th December, 1948. The General Assembly can discuss and suggest solutions or give advice on any world issue within the limits prescribed in the Charter of the U.N. The General Assembly immediately draws the attention of Security Council of U.N.O. to any situation which can put the peace and security of the world in danger. The authority to grant membership to a nation lies with the General Assembly. (2) Security Council: Security Council is the most important organ of U.N. It works to safeguard international peace and security. The Security Council enjoys tremendous powers to manage peace and security in the world. Its aim is, as far as possible, to solve disputes between nations diplomatically. It is the executive council of United Nations. It is made up of 15 members. U.S.A., Russia, United Kingdom (Britain), France and China are its 5 permanent members. The other 10 members are elected by the General Assembly. The head of the Security Council is known as the ‘Secretary General’. He is appointed by the General Assembly at the recommendation of the Security Council. He works as the Chief Administrative Officer of the U.N. ‘Veto Power’ or ‘Right to Deny’ is a negative vote cast against a proposal made in the Security Council. All five permanent members, who have the ‘Veto Power’, must agree over any decision. If not, they can cast ‘a negative vote,’ and the decision or resolution cannot be passed. (3) Need for disarmament: If all the countries of the world co-operate with the U.N. world peace can be truly achieved. For world peace it is necessary that all nations agree to the policy of disarmament i.e. they agree to stop the manufacture of deadly weapons of mass destruction. Crores of rupees which are spent on the manufacture of these lethal weapons can be saved and thereby used for the welfare of mankind. Man should realise that the Earth is the only home we have; no other planet has life. So human beings must aim at achieving world peace and universal brotherhood by adopting the policy of disarmament.

17.

Write a short note on the following:(1) General Assembly(2) Security Council(3) Need for disarmament

Answer»

(1) General Assembly :

The organization of countries to discuss and solve international issues. The General Assembly of United Nations (U.N.) can also be called the ‘World Parliament’. Representatives of all member nations attend it. The General Assembly is the biggest organ of the U.N. Every member nation can send at least five representatives to the General Assembly. But every member nation has a right to cast only one vote. The meeting of the General Assembly is held regularly once a year in the month of September. The General Assembly elects its president and vice president every year.

Mrs Vijayalaxmi Pandit of India was elected as the President of the General Assembly of United Nations in 1953-54. The assembly presented the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on 10th December, 1948. The General Assembly can discuss and suggest solutions or give advice on any world issue within the limits prescribed in the Charter of the U.N. The General Assembly immediately draws the attention of Security Council of U.N.O. to any situation which can put the peace and security of the world in danger. The authority to grant membership to a nation lies with the General Assembly.

(2) Security Council:

Security Council is the most important organ of U.N. It works to safeguard international peace and security. The Security Council enjoys tremendous powers to manage peace and security in the world. Its aim is, as far as possible, to solve disputes between nations diplomatically. It is the executive council of United Nations. It is made up of 15 members. U.S.A., Russia, United Kingdom (Britain), France and China are its 5 permanent members. The other 10 members are elected by the General Assembly.

The head of the Security Council is known as the ‘Secretary General’. He is appointed by the General Assembly at the recommendation of the Security Council. He works as the Chief Administrative Officer of the U.N. ‘Veto Power’ or ‘Right to Deny’ is a negative vote cast against a proposal made in the Security Council. All five permanent members, who have the ‘Veto Power’, must agree over any decision. If not, they can cast ‘a negative vote,’ and the decision or resolution cannot be passed.

(3) Need for disarmament:

If all the countries of the world co-operate with the U.N. world peace can be truly achieved. For world peace it is necessary that all nations agree to the policy of disarmament i.e. they agree to stop the manufacture of deadly weapons of mass destruction. Crores of rupees which are spent on the manufacture of these lethal weapons can be saved and thereby used for the welfare of mankind. Man should realise that the Earth is the only home we have; no other planet has life. So human beings must aim at achieving world peace and universal brotherhood by adopting the policy of disarmament.

Discussion

18.	Importance of Micro Economics. (a) Free market economy (b) Functioning of an economy (c) Basis of welfare economy (d) Foreign Trade Options :(1) a, b, c and d (2) a, b and c (3) a, b and d (4) a, c and d
Answer» Correct option: (4) a, c and d

Discussion

19.	Explain the concept of Macro economics and its features.
Answer» Introduction : Macro economics is the branch of economics that studies the behaviour and performance of an economy as a whole. It includes inflation, unemployment, working of the monetary system, business cycles, economic policies, etc. (1) Definition : (a) J. L. Hansen : "Macro economics is that branch of economics which considers the relationship between large aggregates such as the volume of employment, total amount of savings, investment, national income, etc". (b) Prof. Carl Shapiro : "Macro economics deals with the functioning of the economy as a whole." (2) Meaning : Macro economics is the study of aggregates national income, total employment, total consumption, inflation, total saving, etc. (3) Features : (a) Study of Aggregate : Macro economics deals with the study of entire economy. It studies the overall condition in the economy, such as National Income, National Output, Total Employment, General Price levels, etc. (b) General Price Level : Macro economic studies the determination and changes in general price level which is the average of all prices of goods and services currently being produced in the economy. (c) policy Oriented : Macro economics is a policy oriented science which is useful in formulating economic policies to promote economic growth, to control inflation and depression, to generate employment, etc. (d) Lumping Method : Lumping method is the study of the whole economy rather than in part. It considers aggregates like National Income, Total consumption, etc. instead of personal income, PCC, etc. (e) General Equilibrium Analysis : Macro Economics analysis is based on general equilibrium which deals with the economic system as a whole and studies the inter relationships between the various macro variables in an economy. General equilibrium deals with the behaviour of demand, supply and prices in the whole economy. (f) Income Theory : Macro economics studies the concept of National Income and its causes of fluctuations that lead to business cycles i.e. inflation and deflation. (g) Growth Models : Macro economics studies various factors that contribute to economic growth and development. These growth models are used for studying economic development. (h) Interdependence : There is an element of interdependence among the macro economic variables such as income, output, employment, investment, price level, etc.

19.

Explain the concept of Macro economics and its features.

Answer»

Introduction : Macro economics is the branch of economics that studies the behaviour and performance of an economy as a whole. It includes inflation, unemployment, working of the monetary system, business cycles, economic policies, etc.

(1) Definition :

(a) J. L. Hansen : "Macro economics is that branch of economics which considers the relationship between large aggregates such as the volume of employment, total amount of savings, investment, national income, etc".

(b) Prof. Carl Shapiro : "Macro economics deals with the functioning of the economy as a whole."

(2) Meaning :

Macro economics is the study of aggregates national income, total employment, total consumption, inflation, total saving, etc.

(3) Features :

(a) Study of Aggregate : Macro economics deals with the study of entire economy. It studies the overall condition in the economy, such as National Income, National Output, Total Employment, General Price levels, etc.

(b) General Price Level : Macro economic studies the determination and changes in general price level which is the average of all prices of goods and services currently being produced in the economy.

(c) policy Oriented : Macro economics is a policy oriented science which is useful in formulating economic policies to promote economic growth, to control inflation and depression, to generate employment, etc.

(d) Lumping Method : Lumping method is the study of the whole economy rather than in part. It considers aggregates like National Income, Total consumption, etc. instead of personal income, PCC, etc.

(e) General Equilibrium Analysis : Macro Economics analysis is based on general equilibrium which deals with the economic system as a whole and studies the inter relationships between the various macro variables in an economy. General equilibrium deals with the behaviour of demand, supply and prices in the whole economy.

(f) Income Theory : Macro economics studies the concept of National Income and its causes of fluctuations that lead to business cycles i.e. inflation and deflation.

(g) Growth Models : Macro economics studies various factors that contribute to economic growth and development. These growth models are used for studying economic development.

(h) Interdependence : There is an element of interdependence among the macro economic variables such as income, output, employment, investment, price level, etc.

Discussion

20.	Explain the importance of Micro economics.
Answer» Introduction : Micro economics is the Js branch of economics that studies the behaviour of individuals. It includes individual prices, wages, income, individual industries, particular commodities, particular household, etc. (1) Definition : (a) According to Maurice Dobb – "Micro economics is in fact a microscopic study of l the economy. (b) According to Prof. A. P. Lerner – "Micro economics consists of looking at the economy? through a microscope as it were to see how the millions of cell in the body of economy – the individuals or households as consumers and individuals or firms as producers play their part in the working of the whole economics organism. (2) Meaning : Micro economics deals with small individual economics units such as an individual (consumer, individual producer, the price of a particular commodity or factor etc. (3) Importance : (a) Price Determination : Micro economics j explains how the prices of different products < and various factors of production are determined. (b) Free Market Economy : A free market economy is that economy where the economic decisions are taken at individual levels without intervention by the government. Decisions are regarding production of goods such as What to produce? How much to produce? How to produce? etc. (c) Foreign Trade : Micro economics also explains gains from foreign trade, effects of tarrifs, factors affecting exchange rate, etc. (d) Economic Model Building : Micro economics helps in understanding various complex economic situations with the help of economic models. (e) Business Decision : Micro economics theories are helpful to businessman for taking important business decision related to determination of cost of production and prices of goods, maximization of output & profit, etc. (f) Useful to Government : It is useful in formulating and evaluating economic policies including pricing and distribution policies that promote economic welfare. It is useful in determining tax policy, public, expenditure policy, etc. (g) Basis of Welfare Economics : It explains how optimum use of resources can be made to increase the welfare of the society. It also studies how taxes affect social welfare.

20.

Explain the importance of Micro economics.

Answer»

Introduction : Micro economics is the Js branch of economics that studies the behaviour of individuals. It includes individual prices, wages, income, individual industries, particular commodities, particular household, etc.

(1) Definition :

(a) According to Maurice Dobb – "Micro economics is in fact a microscopic study of l the economy.

(b) According to Prof. A. P. Lerner – "Micro economics consists of looking at the economy? through a microscope as it were to see how the millions of cell in the body of economy – the individuals or households as consumers and individuals or firms as producers play their part in the working of the whole economics organism.

(2) Meaning :

Micro economics deals with small individual economics units such as an individual (consumer, individual producer, the price of a particular commodity or factor etc.

(3) Importance :

(a) Price Determination : Micro economics j explains how the prices of different products < and various factors of production are determined.

(b) Free Market Economy : A free market economy is that economy where the economic decisions are taken at individual levels without intervention by the government. Decisions are regarding production of goods such as What to produce? How much to produce? How to produce? etc.

(c) Foreign Trade : Micro economics also explains gains from foreign trade, effects of tarrifs, factors affecting exchange rate, etc.

(d) Economic Model Building : Micro economics helps in understanding various complex economic situations with the help of economic models.

(e) Business Decision : Micro economics theories are helpful to businessman for taking important business decision related to determination of cost of production and prices of goods, maximization of output & profit, etc.

(f) Useful to Government : It is useful in formulating and evaluating economic policies including pricing and distribution policies that promote economic welfare. It is useful in determining tax policy, public, expenditure policy, etc.

(g) Basis of Welfare Economics : It explains how optimum use of resources can be made to increase the welfare of the society. It also studies how taxes affect social welfare.

Discussion

21.

Distinguish between the following. Sole Trading concern and partnership firm.

Answer»

Basis of Difference	Sole Trading Concern	Partnership Firm
Formation	Formed at the will of the owner.	Formed with a mutual agreement (oral or written) among the partners.
Management and control	Managed and controlled solely by the owner.	Management and control of ownership are shared by the partners.
Sharing of profits and losses	Profits and losses belong to the owner.	Profits and losses are shared among the partners in a predecided ratio.
Number of members	Only one member (owner) runs it.	Minimum-2, Maximum (in case of a banking business)- 10, Maximum (in case of ordinary business)- 20.
Governance	There is no regulating act to govern it.	It is governed by the Indian Partnership Act 1932.
Decision making	Decision making is rapid, as all the decisions are taken by the sole proprietor.	Decision making is relatively delayed, as it requires the consent of all partners.

Discussion

22.	Match the correct pairs.Group AGroup Ba)Sole proprietorship7)Maximum business secrecyb)Joint stock company8)Common sealc)Partnership Act9)1932d)Co-operative society5)One member, one votee)Joint Hindu family firms6)Karta
Answer» a. A sole trading concern ensures maximum business secrecy. All the information related to the business remains with the owner and it is up to him whether he wants to share the information with others or not. So, others cannot take undue advantage. b. In 1956, the Indian Companies Act was enacted. It specifies the rules and regulations for companies. c. The Indian Partnership Act was passed in 1932. As per the act, “partnership is the relation between the persons who have agreed to share the profits of a business carried on by all or any of them acting for all”. d. In a co-operative society, the principle of “one man, one vote” is followed. It means that one person can cast vote only once. This gives equal voting rights to all members of a co-operative society. e. The head of a joint Hindu family business is called the Karta. He is the eldest male member of a joint Hindu family. He controls and manages the business and has unlimited liability

22.

Match the correct pairs.Group AGroup Ba)Sole proprietorship7)Maximum business secrecyb)Joint stock company8)Common sealc)Partnership Act9)1932d)Co-operative society5)One member, one votee)Joint Hindu family firms6)Karta

Answer»

a. A sole trading concern ensures maximum business secrecy. All the information related to the business remains with the owner and it is up to him whether he wants to share the information with others or not. So, others cannot take undue advantage.

b. In 1956, the Indian Companies Act was enacted. It specifies the rules and regulations for companies.

c. The Indian Partnership Act was passed in 1932. As per the act, “partnership is the relation between the persons who have agreed to share the profits of a business carried on by all or any of them acting for all”.

d. In a co-operative society, the principle of “one man, one vote” is followed. It means that one person can cast vote only once. This gives equal voting rights to all members of a co-operative society.

e. The head of a joint Hindu family business is called the Karta. He is the eldest male member of a joint Hindu family. He controls and manages the business and has unlimited liability

Discussion

23.

Match the correct pairs.Group “A”Group “A”a)Private company1)Compulsoryb)Public company2)Minimum 7 membersc)Common Seal3)Maximum 50 membersd)Registration of a company4)61% share capitale)Government company5)51% share capital6)Symbol of a company7)Optional8)Simple formation9)Easy dissolution10)Hindu succession Act 1956

Answer»

	Group A		Group B
a)	Private company	3)	Maximum 50 members
b)	Public company	2)	Minimum 7 members
c)	Common Seal	6)	Symbol of a company
d)	Registration of a company	1)	Compulsory
e)	Government company	5)	51% share capital

Explanation:

a. A private company can have minimum 2 members and maximum 50 members. Hence, as per the definition of a private company, any company with less than two members will be regarded as a sole proprietorship firm. On the other hand, if the number of members exceeds 50, it will be regarded as a public company.

b. A public company can have a minimum of seven members, but there is no limit on the maximum number of members.

c. A company is an artificial person; therefore, it cannot sign its documents. However, to validate the documents, the directors of the company use a common seal on behalf of the company. Hence, the common seal is regarded as the symbol of the company.

d. According to the Indian Companies Act 1956, every company has to be registered with the Registrar of Companies.

e. In a government company, minimum 51% of share capital is owned by the government and the rest 49% can be owned by the private players of the market. Therefore, the decision-making power rests with the government.

Discussion

24.	Select the proper option from the options given below and rewrite the completed sentence. From the point of continuity ________ business organizations is the most suitable. Options company partnership sole proprietorship
Answer» From the point of continuity company business organisation is the most suitable. Explanation: A joint stock company enjoys a continuous and stable life. This feature is known as perpetual succession, which means that the company remains unaffected by the death, retirement, insolvency or insanity of its members. Thus, from the point of continuity, a company form of business organisation is the most suitable.

24.

Select the proper option from the options given below and rewrite the completed sentence. From the point of continuity ________ business organizations is the most suitable. Options company partnership sole proprietorship

Answer»

From the point of continuity company business organisation is the most suitable.

Explanation:

A joint stock company enjoys a continuous and stable life. This feature is known as perpetual succession, which means that the company remains unaffected by the death, retirement, insolvency or insanity of its members. Thus, from the point of continuity, a company form of business organisation is the most suitable.

Discussion

25.	Bhausahebanchi Bakhar’ describes Battle of …………(a) Raigad (b) Panipat (c) Plassey (d) Vasai
Answer» Correct option: (b) Panipat

Discussion

26.	What type of motion does a pendulum exhibit?
Answer» A pendulum exhibits periodic motion since it traces the same path after regular interval of time.

Discussion

27.	Explain the following with its reason.Bakhar is an important type of historical documents.
Answer» Bakhars are important source of history like coins, inscriptions, texts, copper plates and travelogues. Bakhars contain eulogies of the heroes, historic events, stories of lives of great men and description of battles. It portrays a picture of prevalent society, religions and economic life. Bakhars are of various types which contain biographies of kings, dynastic history, description of events, sects, autobiographies, mythologies, administration of kings, etc. These descriptions are helpful for writing historiography. Among well-known Marathi. Bakhars ‘Sabhasad Bakhar’ written by Krishnaji Anant Sabhasad requires a special mention Bhausahebanchi Bakhar and Panipatachi Bakhar describe the ‘Battle of Panipat’. Hence, Bakhars are important type of historical document.

27.

Explain the following with its reason.Bakhar is an important type of historical documents.

Answer»

Bakhars are important source of history like coins, inscriptions, texts, copper plates and travelogues.
Bakhars contain eulogies of the heroes, historic events, stories of lives of great men and description of battles.
It portrays a picture of prevalent society, religions and economic life.
Bakhars are of various types which contain biographies of kings, dynastic history, description of events, sects, autobiographies, mythologies, administration of kings, etc.
These descriptions are helpful for writing historiography.
Among well-known Marathi. Bakhars ‘Sabhasad Bakhar’ written by Krishnaji Anant Sabhasad requires a special mention Bhausahebanchi Bakhar and Panipatachi Bakhar describe the ‘Battle of Panipat’.

Hence, Bakhars are important type of historical document.

Discussion

28.	How many days pass between two successive full moon nights?
Answer» 29.5 days i.e., approximately 30 days pass between two successive full moon nights.

Discussion

29.	State any one importance of co-ordination.
Answer» Helps in reduction of cost.

Discussion

30.	What is Marxist History?
Answer» 1. In the post-independence era, new trends emerged in writing Indian historiography. Marxist historiography is prominent among them. 2. Historiography which is based on ideas of Karl Marx is known as Marxist Historiography. In Marxist Historiography, more importance was given to class struggles. 3. Marxist Historiography reflects concerns for means and modes of production as well as the industrial relations. These became centre of writings of the Marxist historians. 4. How every social event affects the life of people was analysed and it became the theme of Marxist historians Marxist historians studied the transitions that took place in the caste system. 5. Notable Indian historians who adopted Marxist ideologies were Damodar Kosambi, Comrade Shripad Dange, Sharad Patil and Ram Sharan Sharma. 6. Their writings reflected Marxist ideology. Comrade Dange was the founder member of the Indian Communist Party

30.

What is Marxist History?

Answer»

1. In the post-independence era, new trends emerged in writing Indian historiography. Marxist historiography is prominent among them.

2. Historiography which is based on ideas of Karl Marx is known as Marxist Historiography. In Marxist Historiography, more importance was given to class struggles.

3. Marxist Historiography reflects concerns for means and modes of production as well as the industrial relations. These became centre of writings of the Marxist historians.

4. How every social event affects the life of people was analysed and it became the theme of Marxist historians Marxist historians studied the transitions that took place in the caste system.

5. Notable Indian historians who adopted Marxist ideologies were Damodar Kosambi, Comrade Shripad Dange, Sharad Patil and Ram Sharan Sharma.

6. Their writings reflected Marxist ideology. Comrade Dange was the founder member of the Indian Communist Party

Discussion

31.	Give reason:Mendeleev’s periodic law was modified into modern periodic law.
Answer» Henry Moseley in 1913, studied X-ray spectra of large number of elements. He observed that the frequency of X-ray emitted from an element is related to atomic number (Z) of an element and not its atomic mass. Therefore, the atomic number, Z, was considered as more fundamental property of the atom than the atomic mass. As a result, Mendeleev’s periodic law was modified.

Discussion

32.	How many horizontal rows and vertical columns are present in the modern periodic table?
Answer» The modem periodic table consists of seven horizontal rows called periods numbered from 1 to 7 and eighteen vertical columns called groups numbered from 1 to 18.

Discussion

33.	How many elements are discovered until now?
Answer» Including manmade elements, Total 118 elements are discovered until now.

33.

How many elements are discovered until now?

Answer»

Including manmade elements,

Total 118 elements are discovered until now.

Discussion

34.	Explain the power – separation principle.
Answer» Meaning of power – separation principle: The power separation principle is based on the three organs of the government. The legislature should perform the function of law – making, the executive should perform its function of enforcing the law and the judiciary should perform its function to dispense justice according to the laws of the country. Every organ should limit its authority to its area of working and every organ should function independently like other organs of the state. Montesque stressed on this point that each organ of the government should have full independence of working in its own area. It should not interfere with the area of other organs nor should it try to influence the area of other organs. According to Gettel, the power separation principle says that the function of the three organs of the government should be performed by three different units of the government and the areas of the three organs of the government should be such that no organ can interfere with the area of other or organs. It should be independent in its own area.

34.

Explain the power – separation principle.

Answer»

Meaning of power – separation principle:

The power separation principle is based on the three organs of the government. The legislature should perform the function of law – making, the executive should perform its function of enforcing the law and the judiciary should perform its function to dispense justice according to the laws of the country.

Every organ should limit its authority to its area of working and every organ should function independently like other organs of the state. Montesque stressed on this point that each organ of the government should have full independence of working in its own area. It should not interfere with the area of other organs nor should it try to influence the area of other organs.

According to Gettel, the power separation principle says that the function of the three organs of the government should be performed by three different units of the government and the areas of the three organs of the government should be such that no organ can interfere with the area of other or organs. It should be independent in its own area.

Discussion

35.	The principle of power – separation is not essential for independent working of the three organs of the state. How?
Answer» The meaning of power – separation principle is that when the powers connected with legislation, administration and justice function independently and they do not interfere with one another, we say that there is proper separation of powers among the three organs of the state. Power – separation is not essential for independent working of the three organs. However, Montesque thinks that for independent working of the three organs, power – separation principle must be followed. But his concept of functional independence of the three organs necessitates the concept of power separation which is not fully correct. In parliamentary form of government, there is a close relationship between the legislature and even then the executive, and even then the individual freedom of the citizens is not in danger. Gettel does not support the view that for independent functioning of the three organs of the states, the power-separation principle must be followed. Now, it has been rightly argued that for independent working of the three organs of the state, power separation principle is not necessary to be adopted.

35.

The principle of power – separation is not essential for independent working of the three organs of the state. How?

Answer»

The meaning of power – separation principle is that when the powers connected with legislation, administration and justice function independently and they do not interfere with one another, we say that there is proper separation of powers among the three organs of the state.

Power – separation is not essential for independent working of the three organs. However, Montesque thinks that for independent working of the three organs, power – separation principle must be followed. But his concept of functional independence of the three organs necessitates the concept of power separation which is not fully correct.

In parliamentary form of government, there is a close relationship between the legislature and even then the executive, and even then the individual freedom of the citizens is not in danger. Gettel does not support the view that for independent functioning of the three organs of the states, the power-separation principle must be followed. Now, it has been rightly argued that for independent working of the three organs of the state, power separation principle is not necessary to be adopted.

Discussion

36.	What is the sequence of development of the principle of power separation?
Answer» Development order of power – separation principle: The history of the division of powers in a state administration is very old. The Greek philosopher Aristotle divided his administration into three parts: Consultative Executive Justice related, which in the modern age, are called: Legislature Executive Judiciary After Aristotle, the Roman thinker Cicero and Pubilius stressed on the balanced power of the administration having equal significance. In the 14th century, Marcilio made some attempts in this direction. In the 16th century, Bodin stressed on the point that the officials related with administration and the judicial organ should be separated from one another. In the 17th century, Locke and other thinkers opined about the separation of legislature and the executive. In the 18th century, the French philosopher Montesque defined the principle of power – separation in a systematic and lawful way. So, Montesque is called the Father of the principle of Power Separation. According to him, one organ should not interfere with the working area of another organ. After him, the English thinkers Blackstone, famous American scholar James Madison and Jefferson supported the principle of power separation. In India, power – co – ordination principle has been adopted instead of the power – separation principle.

36.

What is the sequence of development of the principle of power separation?

Answer»

Development order of power – separation principle:

The history of the division of powers in a state administration is very old. The Greek philosopher Aristotle divided his administration into three parts:

Consultative
Executive
Justice related,

which in the modern age, are called:

Legislature
Executive
Judiciary

After Aristotle, the Roman thinker Cicero and Pubilius stressed on the balanced power of the administration having equal significance. In the 14th century, Marcilio made some attempts in this direction. In the 16th century, Bodin stressed on the point that the officials related with administration and the judicial organ should be separated from one another. In the 17th century, Locke and other thinkers opined about the separation of legislature and the executive.

In the 18th century, the French philosopher Montesque defined the principle of power – separation in a systematic and lawful way. So, Montesque is called the Father of the principle of Power Separation. According to him, one organ should not interfere with the working area of another organ.

After him, the English thinkers Blackstone, famous American scholar James Madison and Jefferson supported the principle of power separation. In India, power – co – ordination principle has been adopted instead of the power – separation principle.

Discussion

37.	What do you mean by, “I am the state”.
Answer» It means the will of the ruler and the words coming out of his mouth are the laws.

Discussion

38.	Describe the two qualities of power separation principle.
Answer» 1. Check on autocratic administration: The greatest quality of power – separation principle is that possibility of autocratic tendency in the administration is nipped in the bud. Many political thinkers have propounded and supported power-separation principle on this very basis. The principle at first checked the king from being autocratic and then put a check on legislature from turning autocratic. 2. Establishment of independent and impartial judiciary: The principle of power separation checks the legislature and the executive from interfering with the working of the judiciary. In the absence of this principle, the judiciary cannot function independently and impartially. Prof Laski has rightly observed, “The significance of the power – separation principle can be judged by the fact that it has established the freedom of the judiciary.”

38.

Describe the two qualities of power separation principle.

Answer»

1. Check on autocratic administration:

The greatest quality of power – separation principle is that possibility of autocratic tendency in the administration is nipped in the bud. Many political thinkers have propounded and supported power-separation principle on this very basis. The principle at first checked the king from being autocratic and then put a check on legislature from turning autocratic.

2. Establishment of independent and impartial judiciary:

The principle of power separation checks the legislature and the executive from interfering with the working of the judiciary. In the absence of this principle, the judiciary cannot function independently and impartially. Prof Laski has rightly observed, “The significance of the power – separation principle can be judged by the fact that it has established the freedom of the judiciary.”

Discussion

39.	“The power – separation theory is neither practical nor desirable.” Explain.
Answer» The power – separation theory implies that when the legislative, the executive and the judiciary work independently and do not interfere with the working of one another, we call it power separation. The power-separation theory asserts that no organ of government should interfere with the workings of other organs. This theory encourages decentralization of power. It checks arbitrary rule, it protects individuals’ freedom and rights. It enables us to utilize the abilities and experience of so many persons. In spite of all these good points, the power-separation theory is neither practical nor desirable due to the following reasons : 1. It is an undemocratic theory: In modern time, the development of democratic ideal has given birth to the concept of welfare state. It has increased the workload of the government, and people’s expectations. In democracy, legislature represents the public will. Many times, the power separation theory creates a hindrance in the working of the legislature. 2. Confrontation among different organs of the government: Power separation theory gives birth to internal struggle among various departments of administration. If all the three organs work independently, there will be decrease in the pace of development. Each organ of the government will take interest in protecting its powers. So, for the running of the government, mutual co -operation and mutual balance among the three organs of the government is very essential. 3. Not necessary for freedom: Power-separation is not essential for the protection of freedom. 4. An unscientific theory: The organization of a government is just like a human body. In human body, each organ depends upon other organs of the body for its healthy functioning. To conclude, we can say that the organs of a government: the legislature, the executive and the judiciary cannot function separately and independently. Therefore, the theory of power-separation is neither practical nor desirable.

39.

“The power – separation theory is neither practical nor desirable.” Explain.

Answer»

The power – separation theory implies that when the legislative, the executive and the judiciary work independently and do not interfere with the working of one another, we call it power separation. The power-separation theory asserts that no organ of government should interfere with the workings of other organs.

This theory encourages decentralization of power. It checks arbitrary rule, it protects individuals’ freedom and rights. It enables us to utilize the abilities and experience of so many persons. In spite of all these good points, the power-separation theory is neither practical nor desirable due to the following reasons :

1. It is an undemocratic theory:

In modern time, the development of democratic ideal has given birth to the concept of welfare state. It has increased the workload of the government, and people’s expectations. In democracy, legislature represents the public will. Many times, the power separation theory creates a hindrance in the working of the legislature.

2. Confrontation among different organs of the government:

Power separation theory gives birth to internal struggle among various departments of administration. If all the three organs work independently, there will be decrease in the pace of development. Each organ of the government will take interest in protecting its powers. So, for the running of the government, mutual co -operation and mutual balance among the three organs of the government is very essential.

3. Not necessary for freedom:

Power-separation is not essential for the protection of freedom.

4. An unscientific theory:

The organization of a government is just like a human body. In human body, each organ depends upon other organs of the body for its healthy functioning. To conclude, we can say that the organs of a government: the legislature, the executive and the judiciary cannot function separately and independently. Therefore, the theory of power-separation is neither practical nor desirable.

Discussion

40.	Explain the meaning of power-separation and throw light on its advantages and disadvantages.
Answer» Meaning of power separation: Power – separation theory is based on the complete separation of power of the three organs of the government. The legislature should perform the function of law – making, the executive should perform the function of enforcing the law and the judiciary should dispense justice according to the spirit of the law. Each organ should limit its power to its own working field and work independently of the other two organs. This is called the power-separation theory. Advantages of Power – Separation Theory 1. Decentralization of power: Centralization of power gives birth to corruption and tyranny, while power-separation and independent working of the three different organs of the government brings in excellence and efficiency in working. 2. Check on arbitrary administration: The greatest advantage of power – separation is that the possibility of arbitrariness of the citizen government is minimized. 3. Protection of the citizens’ freedom: The power – separation principle prevents despotic rule and ensures the freedom of an individual. 4. Establishment of free and impartial judiciary: The theory of separation of power prevents the interference of the legislature and the executive in the working of the judiciary. In the absence of power-separation, the judiciary cannot be independent and impartial in its working. Disadvantages of the Power – Separation Theory : 1. Undemocratic: Due to the development of democracy, there has been an increase in the workload of the government and public expectations have also increased. The legislature expresses the public will and expectations. The independent working of the judiciary may disturb the planning of the legislature in bringing out good laws for the welfare of the people. 2. Possibility of confrontation among the three organs of the government: The power separation theory may create a confrontation among the three organs of the government. Their independent working could create unnecessary hindrance in the efficiency of administration. 3. Unscientific theory: No organ of human body can be separated from the whole body. In modern times, the various departments are interdependent. The integrated achievement of all the departments is the achievement of the government. 4. Power: Separation is not essential for ensuring individual freedom: Montesque’s assertion that power-separation is essential for individual’s freedom is not correct. An individual’s freedom does not depend on power separation. In parliamentary form of democracy, legislative and executive, while working together, can ensure an individual’s freedom. Making of good laws by legislature and implementation of good laws by the executive can protect an individual’s freedom and rights.

40.

Explain the meaning of power-separation and throw light on its advantages and disadvantages.

Answer»

Meaning of power separation:

Power – separation theory is based on the complete separation of power of the three organs of the government. The legislature should perform the function of law – making, the executive should perform the function of enforcing the law and the judiciary should dispense justice according to the spirit of the law. Each organ should limit its power to its own working field and work independently of the other two organs. This is called the power-separation theory.

Advantages of Power – Separation Theory

1. Decentralization of power:

Centralization of power gives birth to corruption and tyranny, while power-separation and independent working of the three different organs of the government brings in excellence and efficiency in working.

2. Check on arbitrary administration:

The greatest advantage of power – separation is that the possibility of arbitrariness of the citizen government is minimized.

3. Protection of the citizens’ freedom:

The power – separation principle prevents despotic rule and ensures the freedom of an individual.

4. Establishment of free and impartial judiciary:

The theory of separation of power prevents the interference of the legislature and the executive in the working of the judiciary. In the absence of power-separation, the judiciary cannot be independent and impartial in its working.

Disadvantages of the Power – Separation Theory :

1. Undemocratic:

Due to the development of democracy, there has been an increase in the workload of the government and public expectations have also increased. The legislature expresses the public will and expectations. The independent working of the judiciary may disturb the planning of the legislature in bringing out good laws for the welfare of the people.

2. Possibility of confrontation among the three organs of the government:

The power separation theory may create a confrontation among the three organs of the government. Their independent working could create unnecessary hindrance in the efficiency of administration.

3. Unscientific theory:

No organ of human body can be separated from the whole body. In modern times, the various departments are interdependent. The integrated achievement of all the departments is the achievement of the government.

4. Power:

Separation is not essential for ensuring individual freedom: Montesque’s assertion that power-separation is essential for individual’s freedom is not correct. An individual’s freedom does not depend on power separation. In parliamentary form of democracy, legislative and executive, while working together, can ensure an individual’s freedom. Making of good laws by legislature and implementation of good laws by the executive can protect an individual’s freedom and rights.

Discussion

41.	Administrative system of which country influenced Montesque’s principle of power – separation ?
Answer» The administrative system of England influenced him.

Discussion

42.	What is the literal meaning of power-separation ?
Answer» The literal meaning of separation of power is that the legislature, the executive and the judiciary should work independently without interfacing one another. They should not interfere in the working areas of one another.

Discussion

43.	Who is the profounder of power-separation principle?
Answer» Jean Bodin. The final and true form to the principle was given by Montesque.

Discussion

44.	Study the following cases and express your opinion.Eva Ltd. Company’s capital structure is made up of 1,00,000 equity shares having a face value of ₹ 10/- each. The company has offered to the public 40,000 equity shares and out of this, the public has subscribed for 30,000 equity shares. State the following in rupees.(a). Authorized capital(b). Subscribed capital(c). Issued capital
Answer» (a) The authorized capital is ₹ 10,00,000 (1,00,000 equity shares × ₹ 10/- each) (b) The subscribed capital is ₹ 3,00,000 (30,000 equity shares × ₹ 10/- each) (c) The issued capital is ₹ 4,00,000 (40,000 equity shares × ₹ 10/- each)

44.

Study the following cases and express your opinion.Eva Ltd. Company’s capital structure is made up of 1,00,000 equity shares having a face value of ₹ 10/- each. The company has offered to the public 40,000 equity shares and out of this, the public has subscribed for 30,000 equity shares. State the following in rupees.(a). Authorized capital(b). Subscribed capital(c). Issued capital

Answer»

(a) The authorized capital is ₹ 10,00,000 (1,00,000 equity shares × ₹ 10/- each)

(b) The subscribed capital is ₹ 3,00,000 (30,000 equity shares × ₹ 10/- each)

(c) The issued capital is ₹ 4,00,000 (40,000 equity shares × ₹ 10/- each)

Discussion

45.	Complete the sentences.1. Share Capital refers to capital made up of Equity shares and ____2. Reserve capital is part of _____3. Transfer of shares due to death, insolvency, or insanity of the member is called _____4. The two parties involved in transfer of shares are transferor and ____5. Voluntarily giving up of shares by a member due to inability to pay calls is called as ____6. Company can forfeit only ______ paid shares.7. In case the original Share Certificate is torn or mutilated, company can issue ____8. In case of transfer of shares, the company has to issue to the transferee a new share certificate within ____9. Letter sent to applicants for informing them shares are allotted is called as ___10. When applications received is more than the number of shares offered, it is called as ______11. In Book Building Method, the final price at which shares are offered to investors is called as ___12. Shares issued free of cost to existing Equity shareholders is called as ____
Answer» 1. Preference Share 2. Uncalled Capital 3. Transmission Shares 4. transferee 5. surrender of shares 6. partly 7. Duplicate Share Certificate 8. one month 9. Letter of Allotment 10. Over Subscription 11. Cut-off price 12. Bonus Shares

45.

Complete the sentences.1. Share Capital refers to capital made up of Equity shares and __2. Reserve capital is part of _3. Transfer of shares due to death, insolvency, or insanity of the member is called _4. The two parties involved in transfer of shares are transferor and 5. Voluntarily giving up of shares by a member due to inability to pay calls is called as 6. Company can forfeit only __ paid shares.7. In case the original Share Certificate is torn or mutilated, company can issue 8. In case of transfer of shares, the company has to issue to the transferee a new share certificate within 9. Letter sent to applicants for informing them shares are allotted is called as _10. When applications received is more than the number of shares offered, it is called as ____11. In Book Building Method, the final price at which shares are offered to investors is called as _12. Shares issued free of cost to existing Equity shareholders is called as ____

Answer»

1. Preference Share

2. Uncalled Capital

3. Transmission Shares

4. transferee

5. surrender of shares

6. partly

7. Duplicate Share Certificate

8. one month

9. Letter of Allotment

10. Over Subscription

11. Cut-off price

12. Bonus Shares

Discussion

46.	Which one is not a role of an accountant? (a) Record keeper (b) Tax manager (c) PRO (d) Owner
Answer» The correct answer is: (d) Owner

Discussion

47.	The first step of accounting cycle. (a) Transactions (b) Journlising (c) Profit & loss account(d) Trading account
Answer» (a) Transactions

Discussion

48.	What do you mean by legal evidence?
Answer» Accounting records are generally accepted as evidence in courts of law and other legal authorities in the settlement of disputes.

Discussion

49.

Write a note on 1. Purchases 2. Sales.

Answer»

1. Purchases: Buying of goods with the intention of resale is called purchase.

2. Sales: When goods meant for resale are sold, it is called sales.

Discussion

50.	Two or more business units forming a single entity is known as ……. (a) Joint (b) Merger (c) Link (d) Compound
Answer» The correct answer is : (b) Merger

Discussion

Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

…………. was the first man landing mission to go to the Moon. (a) Apollo 8 (b) Apollo 11 (c) Chandrayaan – 1 (d) Chandrayaan – 2

who was I Lencho ? Why did he write a letter to God? who received the letter and what did he do ?

what was Lencho’s worry? what help did he seek from God?

What circumstances forced Lencho to seek help from God ?

why did the postmaster laugh at Lencho’s letter?

Why did Lencho need help from God ?

Why did Lencho ask God for money?

What do you mean by Human Rights?

Why is disarmament necessary? Give one reason.

Do tea lqvers generally like strong tea or weak tea?

Why should tea be directly added to the pot?

What is the contribution of India in the achievements of the U.N. ?

Write a short note on the following:(1) General Assembly(2) Security Council(3) Need for disarmament

Importance of Micro Economics. (a) Free market economy (b) Functioning of an economy (c) Basis of welfare economy (d) Foreign Trade Options :(1) a, b, c and d (2) a, b and c (3) a, b and d (4) a, c and d

Explain the concept of Macro economics and its features.

Explain the importance of Micro economics.

Distinguish between the following. Sole Trading concern and partnership firm.

Match the correct pairs.Group AGroup Ba)Sole proprietorship7)Maximum business secrecyb)Joint stock company8)Common sealc)Partnership Act9)1932d)Co-operative society5)One member, one votee)Joint Hindu family firms6)Karta

Select the proper option from the options given below and rewrite the completed sentence. From the point of continuity ________ business organizations is the most suitable. Options company partnership sole proprietorship

Bhausahebanchi Bakhar’ describes Battle of …………(a) Raigad (b) Panipat (c) Plassey (d) Vasai

What type of motion does a pendulum exhibit?

Explain the following with its reason.Bakhar is an important type of historical documents.

How many days pass between two successive full moon nights?

State any one importance of co-ordination.

What is Marxist History?

Give reason:Mendeleev’s periodic law was modified into modern periodic law.

How many horizontal rows and vertical columns are present in the modern periodic table?

How many elements are discovered until now?

Explain the power – separation principle.

The principle of power – separation is not essential for independent working of the three organs of the state. How?

What is the sequence of development of the principle of power separation?

What do you mean by, “I am the state”.

Describe the two qualities of power separation principle.

“The power – separation theory is neither practical nor desirable.” Explain.

Explain the meaning of power-separation and throw light on its advantages and disadvantages.

Administrative system of which country influenced Montesque’s principle of power – separation ?

What is the literal meaning of power-separation ?

Who is the profounder of power-separation principle?

Which one is not a role of an accountant? (a) Record keeper (b) Tax manager (c) PRO (d) Owner

The first step of accounting cycle. (a) Transactions (b) Journlising (c) Profit &amp; loss account(d) Trading account

What do you mean by legal evidence?

Write a note on 1. Purchases 2. Sales.

Two or more business units forming a single entity is known as ……. (a) Joint (b) Merger (c) Link (d) Compound

The first step of accounting cycle. (a) Transactions (b) Journlising (c) Profit & loss account(d) Trading account