Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

(D) is the correct answer. On x-axis the y- co-ordinate and z- co-ordinates are zero.

(B) is the correct answer.

No all these trees, buildings, electric poles, etc. really in motion.

1. The distance between the driver and the car does not change. 

2. The distance between the car and gate of the house is changed. (Correct statement) 

3. There is no change in the position of the gate of the house with respect to its sourroundings (Correct statement) 

4. There is change in the position of the car with respect to its surroundings.

Observing motion of the car. Look at the pictures.

1. Imagine that you sat in the moving car beside the driver. 

2. As the car moves, the distance between you and the landmarks like buildings, trees, poles etc., outside the car changes. 

3. This change in the scene you view through the window indicates that the car is moving. 

4. However your position with respect to the driver of the car remains the same. 

5. That is you and the driver of the car are at rest with respect to each other, but both of you are in motion with respect to the surroundings outside the car. 

6. A body may be at rest with respect to one set of surroundings and at the same time be in motion with respect to another set of the surroundings. Thus motion is relative to the observer.

Tree do you feel is moving, tree or your co-passenger.

Passenger do you feel is moving, passenger in the bus or tree

1. An object may be in the state of movement and at the state of rest at the same time. 

2. It happens when the objects compared with different surroundings.

Yes, weather report forecasting in advance is possible because of artificial satellites.

1 km = 1000 m 

and 1 h = 3600 s 

1 km / h = 1000 m/3600 s = 5/18 m/s

Correct option is C) 5/18

Correct option is A) Air plane

Correct Answer is :

Relative refractive index: It is the ratio of the refractive index of the second medium to the refractive index of the first medium.

Critical Angle: The angle of incidence at which the light ray travels from denser to rarer medium grazes along the interface is called the critical angle of that interface.

Snell’s law: It is the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction

Beam: A number of rays combined together are called a beam.

Medium: A substance through which light passes is called medium. The medium has more optical density.

The angle between normal and emergent rays is called the angle of emergence.

Refraction: The process of changing speed when light travels from one medium to another is called the refraction of light.

Gardner’s theory based on information processing approaches functions on three basic principles:

(i) Intelligence is not a single entity, there exist multiple intelligences.

(ii) The intelligences are independent from each other.

(iii) Different types of intelligences work together to provide a solution of problem. Gardner has so far proposed eight intelligences, however all individuals do not possess them in equal proportion. The particular situation or the context decides the prominence of one type of intelligence over the others.

Following are the eight types of intelligence:

1. Linguistic: This is related to reading, writing, listening, talking, understanding etc. Poets exhibit this ability better than others.

2. Logical-Mathematical: This type of intelligence deals with abstract reasoning and manipulation of symbols involved in numerical problems. It is exhibited in scientific work.

3. Spatial: This type of intelligence is involved in perceiving third dimension formation of images. It is used while navigating in space, forming, transforming and using mental images. Sailors, engineers, surgeons, pilots, care drivers, sculptors and painters have highly developed spatial intelligence.

4. Musical: Persons with musical intelligence show sensitivity to pitch and tone required for singing, playing and instrument, composing and appreciating music etc.

5. Bodily Kinesthetic: It requires the skills and dexterity for fine coordinated motor movements, such as those required for dancing, athletics, surgery, craft making etc.

6. Inter-personal: It requires understanding of motives, feelings and behaviours of other people.sales people, politicians, teachers, clinicians and religious readers have high degree of inter-personal intelligence.

7.  Intra-personal: It is related to understanding one’s self and developing a sense of identity, e.g., philosophers and spiritual leaders.

8. Naturalistic: It is related to recognizing the flora and fauna, i.e., natural world and making a distinction in the natural world. It is more possessed by hunters, farmers, tourists, students of biological sciences etc.

According to PASS model, theory based on information processing approach, intellectual activity involves the interdependent functioning of the three neurological systems called the

functional units of the brain.

These units are responsible for:

• the arousal and attention. •  the simultaneous and successive processing.

 • the planning.

Arousal and Attention

(i) State of arousal helps in attending to the stimuli.

(ii) Arousal and attention enable a person to process information.

(iii) Optimal level of arousal focuses our attention on relevant aspects of a problem.

(iv) Too much or too little arousal interferes with attention and performance. Example: Arousal helps the individual to focus ones attention on reading, learning and revising the contents of the material to be learnt.

Simultaneous and Successive Processing:

Simultaneous Processing refers to perceiving relations amongst various concepts and integrate them into meaningful patterns for comprehension! For e.g., in Raven’s standard progressive matrices (RSPM Test) choosing appropriate pattern by comprehending relationship.

Successive Processing refers to recalling information serially so that one recall leads to another recall. For example, learning of digits and letters and multiplication tables.

 Planning:

1 .After the information is attended to and processed, planning is activated.

2. Planning involves reaching to the target and evaluating their effectiveness. Planning allows us to think of possible courses of action and implementing them.

3. If a plan does not work, it is modified to suit the requirements of the task or the situation.

4. For example, to take a test scheduled by your teacher, you’d have to set goals, plan a time schedule of studies, get clarifications in case of problems or think of other ways to meet your goals

1. Robert J. Sternberg proposes a theory of intelligence based on information processing approach in 1985 known as the Triarchic theory of intelligence.

2. According to Sternberg, intelligence is an ability to adapt, to shape and select environment to accomplish ones goals and those of ones society and culture.

3. This theory attempts to understand the cognitive processes involved in problem solving.

4. According to him there are three types of intelligences:

(i) Componential intelligence (Analytical): This dimension specifies the cognitive processes that underlie an intelligent behaviour. This dimension serves three different functions:

(a) Knowledge acquisition components: These are the processes used in learning, encoding, combining and comparing information.

(b) Metacomponents: ‘Meta’ means higher. These are executive processes. They control monitor and evaluate cognitive processing.

(c) Performance components: These components execute strategies prepared by metacomponents to perform a task.For example, While studying students plan the lesson

chapterwise, they make schedules, categories the learning material and do integrate the information to comprehend well.

(ii) Experiential intelligence (Creative): This dimension specifies how experiences effect intelligence and how intelligence effects a person’s experiences.

(а) Experiential intelligence refers to an individual’s ability to make use of one’s past experiences to deal with novel situations creatively and effectively.

(b) This intelligence is mostly high among scientists and creative people.

(c) For example if a person is trapped in a room, he finds out a way of coming out of the room using rope or ladder etc. in a creative way. He had some knowledge of getting out from this situation by watching out a movie few years back.

(iii) Contextual intelligence (Practical): This dimension specifies the ability to deal with environmental demands on daily basis.

(a) It is individual’s ability to make use of his/her potential to deal with day-to-day life.

(b) It may be called street smartness or ‘business sense’.

(c) People high in this ability are successful in life.

• It deals with the ways people handle effectively their environmental demands and adapt to different contexts with available resources.

Types of Intelligence Tests:

Individual or group tests based on contact: .

Individual Test:

(i) Administered to one individual at a time.

(ii) Requires the administrator to establish a rapport with the subject and be sensitive to his/her feelings, mood and expressions during the testing sessions which provides understanding of other aspects of subjects personality.

(iii) Allows people to answer orally or in written form or manipulate the objects as per the tester’s instructions.

• Example: Stanford Binet intelligence scale, WAIS, WISSC, Alexander Pass along test.

Group Test:

(i) Administered to several individuals at a time simultaneously.

(ii ) Do not allow an opportunity to be familiar with the subjects’ feelings.

(iii) Seek answers in a Multiple-choice format.

(iv) It is relatively economical and less time consuming.

(v) Example: Group Test of Intelligence by Prayag Mehta, Group Test on Intelligence by S.Jalota.

Verbal, Non-verbal and Performance Tests based on Mode of Administration: Verbal Tests:

(i) Requires subject to give verbal responses either orally or in written form.

(ii) Can be administered to literates only. ,

(iii) Example: CIE, Verbal Group Test, Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale.

Non-verbal Test:

• Has pictures or illustrations as test items.

•Example: Ravens progressive matrices. In this test the subject examines an incomplete

pattern and chooses a figure from the alternatives that will complete the pattern.

•Reduces culture biases.

•Example: SRPM, CIE Non-verbal group test of Intelligence.

Performance Test:

•Requires the subject to manipulate objects to perform the test.

•Written language is not necessary for answering the items.

•Example: Kohs’s Block designs test. Here the subject is asked to arrange the blocks in a specified period to produce a given design, Bhatia’s Battery performance test.

•Can be administered to persons from different cultures and reduce culture biases.

•Example: Draw a Man Test by Pramila Pathak, Kohs Block designs test.

Culture Biased or Culture Fair Tests based on Nature of Items used:

•Psychological tests that show a bias toward the culture in which they are developed areCulture Biased Tests.

•Tests developed-in-America and Europe represent an urban and middle class cultural ethos.

(Middle class white subjects perform well on these tests). The items do not considerfavourably to Asians and Africans.

•Culture Fair Tests: One does not discriminate against as individuals belong to differentcultures.

•Non-verbal and Performance Tests reduce cultural influences.

To overcome the limitation of Culture biased tests, Culture fair tests were developed, e.g. nonverbaland performance tests are called so because people of any culture could take them. Fore.g. Standard progressive Matrices and Bhatia’s Battery Performance Test.

The angle of incidence at which the light ray travels from denser to rarer medium grazes along the interface is called the critical angle of that interface.

sin C = n₂/n₁

where n₁ is the refractive index of the denser medium and n₂ is the refractive index of the rarer medium.

Shift: The distance between incident and emergent parallel rays is called shift.

Optical Fiber: An optical fiber is a very thin fiber made of glass (or) plastic having a radius of about a micrometer (10^-6m).

Some conditions that cause low self-esteem are:

• Overly harsh or critical parents 
• Negative peer influence 
• Consistent poor academic performance 
• Stressful or traumatic events 
• Abusive relationships
• Negative thoughts and high anxiety

Example: Anmol’s parents would always criticize them if he tried doing something new. As a result, he started feeling that he is good for nothing and developed low self-esteem.

• Mayer and Salovey define emotional intelligence as ‘the ability to perceive one’s own and others’ emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use that information to guide one’s thinking and action’.
• It has five components, viz. self awareness, self-regulation, selfmotivation, social skills, and empathy. 
• If a person is on the low end of the emotional intelligence spectrum, he or she may have a condition known as alexithymia. Alexithymia is the inability to understand or express emotions.

• The term emotional intelligence was coined by Michel Beldoch in 1964. 
• Emotional intelligence is explained as the ability to understand and manage one’s own and others’ emotions. 
• Its proposed abilities include perceiving, using, understanding and managing emotions appropriately. 
• Having high emotional intelligence is one of the criteria of well-adjusted individuals. 
• Individuals with high emotional intelligence are balanced. They do not easily get panic or nervous. They are able to handle stressful situations effectively.

The angle between the incident and normal ray is called the angle of incidence.

Laws of refraction : 

1. The incident ray, the refractive ray, and the normal interface of two transparent media at the point of incidence lie in the same plane.

2. During refraction, the light follows Snell’s law.

The angle between normal and refracted ray is called the angle of refraction.

Light travels at a speed of 3 × 10⁸ m/s.

Total internal reflection is the main cause for the brilliance of diamonds.

Diminished image: If the size of the image is less than that of an object, it Is called a diminished Image

Modulation and Demodulation.

There are three types of connections:

1. Dial-up connections: This is a kind of connection which is available through telephone lines. Through this, we can connect to the local exchange and for this, we have to dial a number. After the establishment of the connection, we can transfer information. This service is also known as switching service and its bandwidth is less than 400 Hz.

2. Leased-Lines: This service provides user 24- hour connection. This connection is also available through telephone lines but through switches. This is uninterrupted service.

3. Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN): This service is totally dedicated to the computer because separate lines are used for the purpose of transmission. Mostly co-axial cable is used for this. In this digital transmission, media is used and one can send voice, data etc. through this connection.

Games Developer

(D) Games Developer

1.True

2.True

A cell is the intersection between a row and a column on a spreadsheet that starts with alt.
A row is a series of data banks laid out in a horizontal fashion in a table or spreadsheet.

Correct answer is (b) IPMT

Correct answer is (c) PPMT

A spreadsheet is a sheet of paper that shows accounting or other data in rows and columns. A spreadsheet also a computer application program that simulates a physical spreadsheet by capturing, displaying and manipulating data arranged in rows and column.

The syntax of PPMT function :
= PPMT (rate/payment in a year, 1, year x payment in a year, amount).

Cost of Machinery = Rs 5,00,000
Life of Machinery = 10 year
Assumed : Salvage value = Rs 1,000
= SLN (Bl, B₂, B₃)
then:

To save a spreadsheet choose File > save as. In the file Name Box type the name of the file then click OK.

(a) = DB (Cost, salvage, life, 1)

Calculation of Monthly Compound Interest : In calculation of compound interest, interest calculated on amount of principal and interest. 

Formula will be :
Example: If Rs 10,000 invested for 10 year on the 5% compound interest. Interest is calculated on monthly.

Principal Amount x (1 + Interest/compounding period in year) A (Compounding period x years)
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