Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Correct answer is (c) October 2009

Correct answer is (d) Title bar

Window is a typical rectangular area in an application or a document. It is an area on the screen that displays information for a specific program.

Correct answer is (a) Toolbar

A. heavy taxes levied by British merchants.

Correct answer is (c) window

Correct answer is (a) root directory

The smaller window, which is inside the Application Window, is called the Document window. This Window is used for typing, editing, drawing, and formatting the text and graphics.

It is an area on a computer screen with defined boundaries, and within which information is displayed. Such windows can be resized, maximized, minimized, placed side by side, overlap, and so on.

99x + 101y = 499

101x + 99y = 501

Adding both equations

⇒ 200x + 200y = 1000

⇒ x + y = 5 ------ (1)

Subtracting both equation

⇒ 2y – 2x = - 2

⇒ x – y = 1 ----- (2)

Adding 1 and 2

⇒ 2x = 6

⇒ x = 3

Thus,

3 + y = 5

⇒ y = 2

(b) application window

Human brain is protected by the thick bones of the skull and a fluid called cerebrospinal fluid which provides further shock absorption.

It includes the brain and the spinal cord. It receives information from the body and sends out instructions to particular organs. The brain has three such major parts or regions namely the fore brain, mid brain and hind brain.

Contraceptive devices are the devices which block the entry of sperm into oviducts thereby preventing the egg from being fertilized. These devices help to prevent transmission of many infections to some extent. e.g. Copper-T or intra uterine contraceptive device (IUCD) placed in the uterus blocks the passage of sperm. Contraceptive drugs can also be taken orally as pills to avoid pregnancy. Condoms on the penis or similar coverings worn in the vagina can also be used. Surgical methods like vasectomy in males to block the vas deference so that sperm transfer will be prevented and tubectomy in females to block the fallopian tube which makes the egg unreachable to uterus are proven to be contraceptive methods. Surgical methods are safe in the long run.

Surgery can also be used for aborting unwanted pregnancies. However, this is often misused for illegally aborting female fetuses. To prevent female foeticide (killing of a foetus), prenatal sex determination has been prohibited by law.

(c) Such plants produce seeds and fruits much earlier than other methods

(a) Tubectomy and Vasectomy

Reproductive health is concerned with healthy and safe sexual practices. Unhealthy practices can lead to the transmission of disease from one partner to another and even to the offspring. Reproductive health also depends on healthy behavior and outlook towards sex life. Sexual maturation and body growth are gradual processes. Even with some degree of sexual maturation the body and mind are not mature enough for a sexual act, childbearing and bringing up children.

As, sexual intercourse involves intimate physical contact between the male and female sex organs, it may transmit certain disease from one partner to another. Such diseases are called sexually transmitted disease (STDs). e.g. Bacterial infections such as gonorrhoea and syphilis, viral infections such as warts and HIV.

(a) The prevention of pregnancy in women (by preventing fertilisation) is called contraception. There are 3 methods of contraception: 

(i) Barrier method 

(ii) Chemical method 

(iii) Surgical method. 

(b) (i) Vasectomy – In males, a small portion of the sperm duct (Vasdeferens) is removed by surgical operation and both the cut ends are ligated properly. This prevents the sperms from coming out. 

(ii) Tubectomy – In females, a small portion of the oviducts is removed by surgical operation and the cut ends are ligated. This prevents the ovum from entering into the oviducts. 

(c) No.

(a) The age at which the sex hormones begin to be produced and the boy and girl become  sexually mature (able to reproduce) is called puberty. Females attain puberty at an age of 10-  12 years.  

(b)  (i) The function of testes is to make sex cells called sperms and to make sex hormone called  testosterone.  

(ii) The function of the ovaries is to make mature female sex cell called ova or egg and also to  make female sex hormones called oestrogen and progesterone.

(i) STDs are sexually transmitted diseases.

Two STDs are - AIDS, Gonorrhea.

(ii) Some measures to prevent pregnancy :

(a) Use of intrauterine contraceptive devices.

(b) Use of oral pills.

(c) Use of cervical caps.

(d) Surgical method'Iubectomy

(e) Use of vaginal pills.

(f) Use of condoms

Grafting is a technique of horticulture which uses the property of vegetative reproduction for cultivation of new plants. In grafting, the desirable characters of two or more plants are combined to produce a new and better plant. The shoot of one plant (called scion) is joined by vascular combination, to the root (called rootstock) of another plant. Some branches or buds of different plants can also be combined with the scion. This process has many benefits like: 

•Plants raised by this method produce flowers and fruits earlier than those grown by seeds 

•This method helps in growing plants that have lost their capacity to produce seeds. 

•Plants produced are genetically similar to parent plant, and thus have all the desirable characters in them.

Stock is the portion on which grafting is done and it provides the roots.

(a) No, it was incorrect. 

No, there is no difference between a girl and a boy. The sex determination is a matter of chance. 

(b) It is the father, who is responsible for the male or female child. The sperm of the male partner contains 50% X chromosome and 50% Y chromosomes while the mother has only X chromosome to contribute.

(i) Three methods of contraception are :

(a) Mechanical Barrier Methods.

(b) Chemical Methods.

(c) Surgical Methods. 

(ii) (a) Discussion of benefits of family planning biz people.

(b) Organising seminar.

(c) Making a poster.

(d) Observing the problems due to enhanced population.

Reproductive system of boys and girls mature during puberty. Puberty starts at 10 in girls and at 11 in boys. Testes enlarge in boys and breasts develop in girls. The following table shows the physical changed in boys and girls that take place during puberty. 

Boys 1. Testes become large 

2. Scrotal sac grows and penis becomes long. 

3. Length increases and shoulder girdle grows becomes more. 

4. Hair grow on the chest arm pits and on the sex organs. 

5. Facial hair and moustaches grow. 

6. Voice becomes hoarse and deep. 

Girls 

1. Breasts become large. 

2. Ovaries become large and these release eggs. Size of uterus and vagina grows. Menstruation cycle starts.  

3. Sudden grow th takes place in length. Hip girdle becomes trough shaped, it larger than the shoulder girdle. 

4. Chest and abdomen do not have hair. But hair arise on the sex organs and the arm pits. 

5. No moustaches and facial hair. 

6. High pitch voice.

Grafting is a method of reproduction in which two plants of closely related varieties are joined together so that they live as one plant.

Two advantages of grafting :

(i) A young section can be made to flower when it is grafted on ci nature tree. 

(ii) Different varieties can be grafted on the same stock.

Two disadvantages of grafting :

(i) Sexual reproduction is a necessity for evolution. 

(ii) Plants produce very few seeds.

Adolescence is considered a critical stage in the life of boys and girls as the sex hormones and growth hormones bring about rapid changes in them and the reproductive organs become functionally active which bring about certain changes in girls like: 

1. development of breasts, 

2. development of hips, 

3. high pitch voice, 

onset of menstruation and in boys like: 

1. deep voice, 

2. growth of facial and public hair, 

3. growth spurs, 

4. acne outburst take place. Adolescence is the stage of life when boys and girls reach puberty and they need to adjust sexually. 

Adolescence can be an emotional time which brings along mood changes, increased sexual urges and desire to the independent. Children might become rebels and undergo psychological problems.

Under the influence of hormones, reproductive organs become functional and the following changes take place in a girl during the age of 11-12 years:

1. Development of breasts.

2. Development of hips.

3. Voice becomes high pitched.

4. Onset of menstruation.

Under the influence of hormones, reproductive organs become functional and the following changes take place in a boy during the age of 14 and 16:

1. Voice becomes deeper.

2. Growth of hair on face and other body parts take place.

3. Muscles start developing.

4. Onset of acne.

1. Amoeba – Binary fission

2. Hydra – Budding

3. Flatworm – Fragmentation

4. Start Fish – Regeneration

3R’s principle in the context of use of plastics means we must try to Reduce, Reuse and Recycle the use of plastic items. We must develop the habits which are environment-friendly. In order to achieve this, we must not throw plastic in the water bodies or on the roads. We must take a cotton carry bag or a jute bag while shopping. We must try to minimize the use of plastic materials. For example, we must use a steel lunch box or steel containers instead of plastic ones.

3R’s principles to reduce pollution and recover resources.

Reduce—Less use of products like paper, clothes, plastic, wood, coal, petroleum so that it is not exploited from the nature. 

Recycle—To make new items from the used articles like plastic, paper, wood, glass etc. 

Reuse—Use the same thing again and again. E.g., use the jam and pickle containers for keeping kitchen stuff etc.

Foreign and domestic tourists come to visit the forts and palaces in the state. Forts and palaces are the major centres of attraction for the tourists. Several forts and palaces of the state have been included in the World Heritage List. These forts and palaces enchant the glorious saga of Valour and bravery of the great warriors by which the tourists get astonished. Through forts and palaces, foreign currency is obtained by the state government. Thus, forts and palaces are an integral part of tourism.

Meerabai was born in village Kudki in 1498 AD. It is considered that from her childhood, she was completely devoted in Krishna-bhakti. She got married in 1519 with Bhojraj of Mewar which was the son of Maharana Sanga. After 7 years of his marriage Bhojraj died, Meera had virakti from this material world after the death of her father Ratan Singh and husband Bhojraj. Now she focused her concentration in Krishna Bhakti. The new ruler of Mewar, Vikramaditya, gave many tortures to Meera but she didn’t leave her faith in Lord Krishna. First she went to her paternal place then to Vrindavan. She spent her last time in Dwarika.

Not only in Rajasthan but in Indian culture the name of Panna Dhai is a symbol of motherhood, courage, loyalty and sacrifice. There was unstability in Mewar after, the death of Maharana Sanga. Sanga Ratan Singh ascended the throne but he also died in 1531 AD. Then Vikramaditya became the ruler of Mewar. Due to this and his mother’s behaviour, people and samants were unhappy.

Banveer, son of Prithviraj (Brother of Sanga) murdered Vikramaditya and sat on the throne of Mewar. He also wanted to kill child Udai Singh, younger brother of Vikramaditya to rule over Mewar. Panna Dhai was the Governess of Udai Singh which was the future king or successor of Mewar. Hence by killing him Banveer wanted to secure his kingdom. But Panna Dhai was a brave lady to save Uday Singh, by the feeling of Swami Bhakti, she kept her son Chandan (who was same age of Udai Singh) on the bed. She sent child Udai Singh out of the palace with her faithful servant. As the greedy Banveer came she pointed her finger towards her own son. Banveer thought that Chandan to be Uday Singh and killed him. Thus, Panna Dhai saved the future of Mewar and showed an example when a mother sacrificed her own child. Then she took Udai Singh to Kumbhalgarh, a secured place. Due to immortal sacrifice of Panna Dhai, she has been given the title “Mewar-ki- Veerangna”.

Vijayaditya was the honourable court poet of Hammir Dev. Raghavdev was his guru.

Jalaluddin Khilji fought seventeen wars in his whole life in which he became winner in sixteen. But pite of many efforts, he could not occupy Ranthambore.

Merits of Franchising: 

1. Proven idea: Business is based on a proven idea. Success of the product can be checked in the market. 

2. Profit from brand recognition:Franchises develop an image in the marketplace. This saves both time and money of advertising, promotion, recognition, etc. Image of the product is a favourable one and is in the minds of consumers. 

3. Recognized brand name and trademarks: Entrepreneur gets a recognized brand name and trademarks. Benefit from any advertising or promotion by the parent company automatically benefits the franchise. 

4. Support from parent company: The franchisor gives support in the form of training, help setting up the business, a manual telling how to run the business and ongoing advice. 

5. Exclusive rights of the territory: The franchisor can’t sell any other franchises in the same territory which leads to the creation of monopoly power in the territory. 

6. Easier Financing: Financing the business becomes easier due to the associated brand name. Banks are more likely to lend money to buy a franchise with a good reputation.

Following are the reasons for failure of merger and acquisition:

1. Unrealistic price paid for target: Merger and acquisition involves valuation of the target company and paying a price. Many a time the price paid to the target company is much more than what should have been paid. Shareholders of the target company are benefited, the shareholders of the acquirer end up on the losing side. 

2. Difficulties in cultural integration: Merger involves combining of two or more different companies with different corporate cultures, styles of leadership, differing employee expectations etc. If the merger is not dealing sensitively with the companies people and their different corporate cultures, the merger may be a disaster. For example, the merger of Daimler Benz with Chrysler. While Daimler-Benz’s culture stressed on a more formal and structured management style, Chrysler favoured a more relaxed and freewheeling style. 

3. Overstated synergies: Mergers and acquisitions assumed to be for creating synergies through increased revenue, reduced costs and improvement in the investment intensity. Overestimation can lead to failure. 

4. Integration difficulties: The combined firm or entity has to adapt to a new set of challenges given by the new circumstances. Plans are thus prepared to integrate the operations of the combining entities. This is done on the present information. If the information available is inadequate, integration becomes difficult. 

(a) Poor business fit: Mergers and acquisitions also fail when the products of the merging firms do not fit into the acquirer’s overall business plan. 

5. Inadequate due diligence: Due diligence helps in detecting financial and business risks that the acquirer inherits from the target company. Inaccurate estimation of the related risk can result in failure of the merger.

The different types of value added are as follows: 

1. Quality Added Value: It is adding convenience, ease of use, etc. that customers value. For example, turning a commodity into a branded product or design enhancements. 

2. Environmental Added Value: It is value added which employs methods or systems that do not harm the environment. For example, using less fuel, using recycled material for packaging. 

3. Cause-related Added Value: Here, the business contributes part of the revenue from a commodity to a cause. For example, a business may donate a percentage of revenue from each transaction to a orphanage. 

4. Cultural Added Value: It uses methods or systems of production involving cultural aspects. For example, using a combination of English and the regional language in written communications.

Some of the key disadvantages of this mode of expansion are  Right and the only way of doing things: Franchisees are required to operate their businesses according to the procedures and set forth by the franchisor in the franchisee agreement. Entering into a franchise contract limits the degree of freedom for the franchise. The franchisee is not completely independent. It shows that, one gets an over-guided and overinfluenced degree of control exerted by the franchisor. 

This restrictions results in losing the freedom to innovate to some extent.

1. Continuing cost implication: Excess of the original franchise fee and royalties, a percentage of revenue gets shared perpetually with the franchisor. The franchisor may also charge additional amounts towards sharing the cost for services provided such as advertising and training. 

2. Risk of franchisor getting bought: When the franchisor either fails or gets bought out by another company, the franchisee faces serious problems and difficulties. 

3. Inability to provide services: 

(a) Anytime if there is a problem and inability of the franchisor to provide services advertising and location. 

(b) When promises made in the franchise agreement are not kept, the franchisee may be left without any support in important areas. For example, Curtis Bean bought a dozen franchises in Checkers of America Inc., a firm that provides auto inspection services. After losing Rs 200,000, Bean and other franchisees filed a lawsuit claiming that the franchisor had misrepresented advertising costs and had made false claims including that no experience was necessary to own a franchise.

Correct option is (b) making available long term loans to industrial projects

The major nutrients in our food are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals. In addition, food also contains dietary fibres and water.

No sooner was Gulliver set free, than he asked if he could see the city. After all he wanted to explore this place which was so different from the others which he had been to. The king who was convinced that Gulliver was harmless was pleased to grant Gulliver the permission.

Authorities immediately gave out orders instructing Lilliputians to stay inside lest they get trampled under the gigantic Gullivers feet. Even as curious onlookers kept looking at him in wonder, Gulliver continued exploring the place.

Eventually, he reached the place where the king’s beautiful house was located. He was amazed by its beauty. The king’s house was surrounded by a garden and had beautiful rooms. He also saw the queen and some of the young princes who were greatly pleased by Gulliver visit.

Gulliver’s home in Lilliput was a church which remained unused for many years. It was the largest building in the whole country. The great door on the north was four feet high and two feet wide and so he could go into it by going down on his hand.

Yes, I have reached this unique land filled with tiny people with a big heart. Everything here is so tiny, so small. Animals of different shapes and sizes. Small and tiny. Hey wait! The cow is a little bigger than the dog while the cat will have to grow some more to reach the size of a dog! Houses are big but only big enough to accommodate its tiny residents who are not even one foot high? Vehicles too are as small as its owners. Plants blossom all the year round. Tiny plants with tiny fragrant flowers add to the beauty of this beautiful miniature land.

If there are no diversity in our food habits, we would lose interest in eating, lose appetite and get bored. We would not get nutritious food so we would not be healthy and life would be without pleasure.

If I am shown only Gujarati films, I will lose interest in watching those films and get bored after some time. Finally, I would stop watching films.

The upper limit of stratosphere is known as tropopause limit.