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Days of grace

Explanation: The date on which the payment of the bill becomes due is called the due date or the date of maturity. While calculating the due date, it is necessary to add three days to the period of the bill. These three days are known as 'days of grace'.

True

Explanation: On endorsement, the person who transfers the bill is known as endorser and the person in whose favour the bill is transferred is known as endorsee.

(i) (b) down – downstairs

(ii) (c) piece – musical composition.

False

Explanation: A drawee cannot transfer the ownership of a bill. The drawer or the holder of a bill can transfer the bill of exchange by signing the bill of exchange, i.e. by endorsement.

False

Explanation: Drawee is the person on whom the bill is drawn and who accepts the bill by writing the word 'Accepted' on it. Any subsequent holder of the bill, who holds the bill in good faith and exchanges something valuable for it, is known as the holder in due course.

True

Explanation: Sometimes, the acceptor of a bill is unable to meet the bill on its due date. In such cases, he might request the holder of the bill to cancel the original bill and draw a new bill in place of the old one. This is known as renewal of bill.

A person who writes or draws up a bill is known as drawer. He is the seller or the creditor entitled to receive money from someone. The bill of exchange is signed by the drawer of the bill.

The person on whom a bill is drawn is known as drawee. He is the purchaser or the debtor liable to pay the amount mentioned in the bill to the drawer. The bill of exchange is accepted by the drawee.

(a) compulsion – obligation 

(b) formal request.

(a) a small man with a shock of untidy hair and a pipe in his mouth. 

(b) opening up the frontiers of beauty.

(1) Einstein 

(2) angry 

(3) enjoyed 

(4) pleased

Yes, I think that the comparison between music and arithmetic was a good one because music too involves timing, rhythm and beats that require some mathematical knowledge. Also Einstein showed how when we are taught arithmetic, we begin with the simple and then move on to the complicated. It is the same thing with music. From music with words – which is within the grasp of the average listener, Einstein progressed to music without words – which is what classical music is all about.

(a) False 

(b) True 

(c) True 

(d) False

The last line tells us that Einstein believes in making others understand the joy there is in knowing the beauty that is all around us.

(a) a small man with a shock of untidy hair and a pipe in his mouth. 

(b) opening up the frontiers of beauty.

The date on which the payment of the bill becomes due is called the due date or the date of maturity. While calculating the due date, it is necessary to add three days to the period of bill. These three days are called "days of grace".

(a) get Into, work out 

(b) order to

(a) It proves everything, doesn’t it? 

(b) It’s like learning maths, isn’t it? 

(c) Sing that back, will you?

Einstein made the narrator first hear Bing Crosby, who sang popular songs. The narrator was able to sing the lines back to Einstein. This was because he had heard it hundreds of times before. Not stopping at this, Einstein then made him hear a little more advanced song by John McCormack. Thus they went from lower level to higher level. In this way, Einstein helped the narrator to appreciate higher forms of music.

A bill is said to be accepted when the drawee of the bill accepts to pay the amount specified in the bill by writing the word "Accepted" on the bill and then returns it to the drawer.

When the amount specified in the bill of exchange is paid by the acceptor (i.e. the drawee) on the due date, it is called the honouring of the bill.

The Sugar Act of 1764 prohibited the import of foreign rum and imposed duties on molasses, wines, silks, coffee and other luxury items. As the Act was enforced ruthlessly, it led to protests by merchants in legislatures and town meetings. Soon the Currency Act was passed that insisted on colonies repaying the debt only in gold or silver. It was a huge burden on the colonial economy. The Quartering Act of 1765 required the colonies to pay for the cost of keeping British troops in America. The Stamp Act (1765) required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on stamped paper produced in London, carrying an embossed revenue stamp.

The American colonists protested against all the above taxes arguing that they had to pay taxes for policies in which they had no say. The protests occurred at different levels of society. At the top, delegates from the colonies assembled and called for a boycott of trade with Britain Until the taxes were withdrawn: This apart, groups calling themselves “Sons of Liberty” sprang up in all the colonies in 1765 and 1766. The Sons of Liberty acted like a political party and instilled a new political awareness among many ordinary Americans.

The preamble of the Sugar Act provided the slogan ‘No Taxation without representation’.

(a) (i) & (ii) are correct

American War of Independence was ended with the Peace of Paris in the year 1783.

To avoid Bankruptcy the following steps can be followed: 

(i) Maximize the Revenue 

(ii) Attend mandatory credit counseling 

(iii) Make ongoing payments to creditors 

(iv) Attend mandatory financial-management education 

(v) Make a Debt Management Plan 

(vi) Settle some (or all) of the Debts 

(vii) Stay out of Debts

(a) Common Sense

(d) (i) & (iv) are correct

1. Benjamin Franklin 

2. Massachusetts 

3. Currency 

4. Mirabeau 

5. Herbert 

6. Varennes

(b) Sugar Act of 1764

The ‘Reign of Terror’ lasted for 46 days in France.

(b) 1756-1763

The king shut out the commoners and the latter  assembled in the Tennis-Court and took an oath that they would not disperse until they found a way out to their problems. The King tried to use force but his own soldiers refused to obey his orders. Louis then intrigued to get foreign regiments to shoot down his own people. This provoked the people to rise in revolt in Paris on 14 July 1789. They stormed the Bastille prison and set free all the prisoners.

The peasants paid taxes to the state such as taille (land tax), gabelle (salt tax), etc., and provided free labour (corvee) for the construction of public roads.

The three estates comprised of the nobles, clergy and commoners respectively. 

The clergy, despite being a minority, numbering only about 130,000, occupied a preeminent position in France. 

The nobility, also a minority, numbering about 110,000, was a landowning class enjoying feudal rights formed the second estate. 

The middle class and the peasants together formed the Third Estate.

(c) A is correct and R is incorrect

(a) The British Finance Minister Charles Townshend introduced this Act.

(b) It was passed in 1767.

(c) The colonists opposed this Act as they introduced duties on imports to colonies such as glass, paper, paint, lead and tea.

(d) In March 1770, resentment rose in Boston, when troops fired on a crowd. This incident led to intense anti-British propaganda.

1. (d) 

2. (a) 

3. (f) 

4. (e) 

5. (c) 

6. (b)

Reformers who led a religious movement to reform the Church of England dispensing with the teachings and practices of Roman Catholic Church were known as Puritans. The Stuart kings, James I and Charles I, did not tolerate their attempts to reform the Church of England. The persecution of Puritans prompted many to leave England and settle.

The leaves are at rest with respect to the tree. According to law of inertia, it has a tendency to remain at rest and is resistant to change its state. When we apply external force on the branches, the branches are in motion but the leaves remain at rest due to which it falls off.

d) Formatting is the general arrangement of the text in the document.

It is dangerous to jump out of a moving bus because the jumping man, who is moving with the high speed of the bus would tend to remain in state of motion due to inertia even on falling to the ground and get hurt due to resistance offered by the ground.

(b) Status bar gives the status of your document like current page number and number of pages.

This is due to inertia of motion. When the horse stops, the lower portion of the rider comes to rest along with the horse, while the upper portion of the rider continues to move forward. Hence, he falls forward.

Any frame of reference in which Newton's laws of motion are valid, and can describe the dynamics of moving objects, is called an inertial frame of reference.

It is important due to the following reasons:

(a) All the fundamental laws of physics have been formulated in respect of inertial frame of reference.

(b) All the fundamental laws of physics can be so expressed as to have the same mathematical form in all inertial frames of references.

(c) The mathematical and optical experiments performed in any inertial frame in any direction will always yield the same results. This property is known as the isotropic property of the inertial frame of reference.

It is dangerous to jump out of a moving bus because the moving bus will have a speed which will also be the speed of the man jumping as there is a tendency to remain in a state of motion due to inertia. On jumping out, there is a chance of hurting oneself as the resistance offered by the ground will be more.

Height of cylindrical pillar (h) = 3.5 m 

Radius of circular end of pillar ( r) = 50/2 cm 

= 25 cm 

= 0.25 m [As radius = half of the diameter] and [1 m = 100 cm] 

Curved surface area of cylindrical pillar = 2πrh 

= 2 x 3.14 x 0.25 x 3.5 

= 5.5 

Curved surface area of cylindrical pillar is 5.5 m.

Cost of whitewashing 1m² is Rs 12.50

Cost of whitewashing 5.5 m² area = Rs. 12.50 x 5.5 

= Rs. 68.75 

Thus the cost of whitewashing the pillar is Rs 68.75.

Height of cylinder (h) = Length of cylindrical pipe = 28 m or 2800 cm [1 m = 100 cm] 

Diameter of circular end of pipe = 5 cm

Let ‘r’ be the radius of circular end, then 

r = diameter/2 = 5/2 cm 

We know, 

Curved surface area of cylindrical pipe = 2πrh 

= 2 x 3.14 x 5/2 x 2800

= 44000 

Therefore, the area of radiating surface is 44000 cm².

Given,

Lateral surface area of cylinder = 9.42 cm²

Height of cylinder = 5 cm

i) Radius of cylinder =

2πrh = 9.42

R = \(\cfrac{9.42\times7}{2\times22\times5}\) = 3 cm

ii) Volume of cylinder = πr²h

= \(\cfrac{22}7\times\)9 \(\times\) 5 = 141.3 cm³

Lateral surface of the cylinder = 94.2 cm² 

Height of the cylinder = 5 cm 

Let ‘r’ be the radius. 

(i) Lateral surface of the cylinder = 94.2 cm² 

2πrh = 94.2 

or 2 x 3.14 x r x 5 = 94.2 

or 31.4 x r = 94.2

or r = 3 cm

(ii) Volume of the cylinder = πr²h 

= (3.14 x 3² x 5) cm³ 

= 141.3 cm³

Let the height of the circular cylinder be h.

Radius (r) of the base of cylinder = 0.7 m

CSA of cylinder = 4.4 m²

2πrh = 4.4 m²

(2 X 22/7 X 0.7 X H)m = 4.4 m²

H = 1 m

Therefore, the height of the cylinder is 1 m.