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The elder one ran a shop, the middle one was a priest and the youngest who had just finished his education, took up odd jobs to earn some money

The friend gave each brother a sack of rice and requested them to look after them till he returned after a few months.

The middle brother was worried that the rice would get spoilt, and so he distributed the rice amongst the poor in the name of the businessman who in turn blessed him for satisfying their hunger. On hearing this, the businessman said that the middle brother had acted wisely and kindly.

(i) Cl₂+H₂O→ 2HCl + [O] /HCL+HOCl

(ii) XeF₆ +3H₂O →  XeO₃ + 6HF

(a) 3Cu+ 8HNO₃ (Dilute)→ 3Cu(NO₃)₂ +2NO+4H₂O

(b) P₄ + 3NaOH+3H₂O→ PH₃ +3NaH₂PO₂

(i) 2Ag + PCl₅→  2AgCI + PCl₃

(ii) CaF₂ + H₂SO₄ → CaSO_4(s) + 2HF (or H₂F₂)

Correct Answer is: (B) Magnetic particles 

The ore which can be attracted by the magnetic field can be concentrated by the process of magnetic separation.

Answer is (B) Magnetic particles

The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all types of EM radiation. Radiation is energy that travels and spreads out as it goes – the visible light that comes from a lamp in your house and the radio waves that come from a radio station are two types of electromagnetic radiation.

The usual classification is below-

(i) Radio: Your radio captures radio waves emitted by radio stations, bringing your favorite tunes. Radio waves are also emitted by stars and gases in space. 

(ii) Microwave: Microwave radiation will cook your popcorn in just a few minutes, but is also used by astronomers to learn about the structure of nearby galaxies. 

(iii) Infrared: Night vision goggles pick up the infrared light emitted by our skin and objects with heat. In space, infrared light helps us map the dust between stars. 

(iv) Visible: Our eyes detect visible light. Fireflies, light bulbs, and stars all emit visible light. 

(v) Ultraviolet: Ultraviolet radiation is emitted by the Sun and are the reason skin tans and burns. "Hot" objects in space emit UV radiation as well. 

(vi) X-ray: A dentist uses X-rays to image your teeth, and airport security uses them to see through your bag. Hot gases in the Universe also emit X-rays. 

(vii) Gamma ray: Doctors use gamma-ray imaging to see inside your body. The biggest gamma-ray generator of all is the Universe.

Answer is (B) decreases on dilution

Answer is (A) Irreversible in nature

1. In our daily life, neutralisation reaction is used to cure indigestion. 

2. Too much acid in the stomach causes indigestion. 

3. An antacid such as milk of magnesia is used to neutralise the excessive acid.

1. The paper strips like litmus paper strips change colour based on the nature of the material put on them. 

2. These are all indicators. 

3. They tell us whether a substance is acidic or basic. 

4. They are used extensively in studying substances and their properties.

1. Henry Cavendish, an Italian Scientist. 

2. He discovered a colourless gas called Hydrogen.

Citric acid is present in lemon

(c) corrosive in nature

(c) Methyl orange

1. Collect some china rose petals and place them in a beaker. 

2. Add some warm water, keep the mixture for some time till water becomes coloured. 

3. This coloured water is used as an indicator.

Acetic acid.

Ammonium hydroxide.

Vinegar is sour in taste.

Those substances that indicate a change in colour when some substances are added to them are known as indicators.

Correct option is B) Phenolphthalein

Methyl orange gives a red colour with acids and yellow colour with bases.

The substances which are soapy to touch are basic in nature

(a) Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

Correct option is D) red, yellow
 

Correct option is A) Acids

(c) Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

1. Bases generally exist in solid state but some bases exist in liquid state also. 

E.g. Ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide.

2. Bases give soapy touch only in aqueous media not in dry nature.

3. Bases are bitter in taste.

4. Bases are corrosive in nature. When come in contact with the skin frequently they form painful blisters.

5. Bases also change the colour of the indicators. Red litmus paper turns blue when . treated with bases. Similarly, they turn methyl orange yellow and phenolphthalein pink.

Correct option is C) Tin

1. Effluents from the industries contain acids such as sulphuric acid. 

2. It is treated by adding lime to neutralise it before it is discharged into rivers and streams.

Vinegar: A sour-tasting liquid consisting of impure dilute acetic acid, made by oxidation of the ethyl alcohol in beer, wine, or cider, It is used as a condiment or preservative.

1. c 

2. a 

3. d 

4. b

1. False 

Correct statement: Bases have a sour taste and they are soapy to touch.

2. True

3. False 

Correct statement: All alkalis are bases but all bases are not alkalis.

4. True.

5. True.

1. All bases react with non-metallic oxides to form salt and water. 

2. Eg: Sodium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide to form sodium carbonate. 

3. Sodium hydroxide + Carbon dioxide —> Sodium carbonate + Water 

NaOH + CO —> Na₂CO₃ + H₂O

Sulphuric acid + Water → Hydrogen ion + Sulphate ion 

H₂SO₄ + H₂O → 2H⁺ + SO^2-₄

Primary functions of root are, fixation or anchorage of plant body in the soil, absorption of water and minerals from soil and conduction of absorbed materials up to the stem base, etc.

1. Adventitious root system is found in plants like maize, wheat and sugarcane. 

2. Adventitious root develops from any part other than radicle. 

3. Such roots may develop from the base of the stem, nodes or from leaves. 

4. In monocots, radicle is short lived. 

5. A thick cluster of equal sized roots arise from the base of a stem. It is also known as fibrous root system as they look like fibre. The growth of roots is superficial. 

6. Adventitious roots in some plants are used for vegetative propagation. E.g. Euphorbia, Carapichea ipecacuanha (Ipecac) etc.

(i) The maize grain is an endospermic seed 

(ii) The internal structure of seed or grain is like monocotyledonous seed. 

(iii) On the outside, there is a single covering representing fused pericarp or testa. 

(iv) Inside, the grain is divided into two unequal portions: the endosperm and the embryo. 

(v) The endosperm is the upper half of the grain which is laden with starch, but its outer layer next to the grain coat, contains abundant protein. It is called aleurone layer. 

(vi) The lower half of the grain is occupied by the embryo. 

(vii) The embryo has single cotyledon attached to embryonal axis, called scutellum. 

(viii) The portion of embryonal axis below the cotyledon is the radicle and the upper end of embryonal a is the plumule, surrounded by a protective sheath called coleoptile.

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