Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

B) light pipe

The process of changing speed when light travels from one medium to another is called refraction of light.

Correct option is (c) consequences

Relative refractive index.

 B) sin c = \(\frac{n_2}{n_1}\)

Refractive index depends on nature of material. So different media have different values of refractive indices.

Curved surface.

i) Image form in the mirror 

ii) Virtual image

iii)Erected image 

iv) Enlarged image

Place the object / candle in front of the mirror and adjust the screen to get image on it. Measure the object distance, image distance. Substitute the values (as per sign connection) in mirror formula (1/f) = (1/u) + (1/v). We get the focal length of mirror. 

(OR) 

Place the object / candle and the screen at same point in front of the mirror. Adjust this set of material to get sharp image on the screen.

Measure the distance from mirror to object/screen. This distance is the radius of curvature and make it half, it gives focal length of the mirror.

Yes, by using concave mirror we can focus sunlight at a point.

National Sample Survey Organization.

Cyclic and frictional unemployment is found in developed nations.

The author has tried to make a point that how people living by age old impractical values weave their own fall and create unnecessary disturbance in the society. One should evolve as the time advances and the society grows. Sticking to false pride is not what will bring prosperity to one. One must be cautious and keep a wide eye to see if one is taking advantage of their virtues.

Seasonal structural and disguised unemployment is found in agricultural sector.

Labor force refers to the population which supplies or seeks to supply labour for production and therefore, includes both employed and unemployed persons. Labor force can be called as economically active population.

Absolute poverty refers to the state in which a person is unable to earn the basic necessities of life.

First attempt to calculate poverty in India was taken by Dadabhai Naooroji in 1868.

The intellectuals who studied poverty after independence are – V.M.Dandekar, Nilkanth Rathi, Y.K.Alagh, T.D. Lakadawala, Suresh Tendulkar, and C. Rangrajan.

The three steps to achieve the aim to exploit natural resources of Vietnam were : 

(i) The French began building, canals and draining lands in the Mekong Delta to increase cultivation. As a result of irrigation works, the rice production increased. Vietnam became the third largest exporter of rice in the world. 

(ii) Trans Indo-China rail network was constructed. It linked the northern and southern parts of Vietnam and China. 

(iii) Another line linking Vietnam to Siam (Thailand), via the Cambodian capital Phnom Penh was also built. 

(iv) To ensure higher level of profits, French pressurized the Government to develop infrastructure.

It is given that

Radius of the sphere = 4.2cm

We know that

Volume of the sphere = 4/3 πr³

By substituting the values

Volume of the sphere = 4/3 × (22/7) × 4.2³

So we get

Volume of the sphere = 310.464 cm³

We know that

Surface area of the sphere = 4 πr²

By substituting the values

Surface area of the sphere = 4 × (22/7) × 4.2²

So we get

Surface area of the sphere = 221.76 cm²

It is given that

Radius of the sphere = 5cm

We know that

Volume of the sphere = 4/3 πr³

By substituting the values

Volume of the sphere = 4/3 × (22/7) × 5³

So we get

Volume of the sphere = 523.81 m³

We know that

Surface area of the sphere = 4 πr²

By substituting the values

Surface area of the sphere = 4 × (22/7) × 5²

So we get

Surface area of the sphere = 314.28 m²

We know that

Volume of the sphere = 4/3 πr³

By substituting the values

38808 = 4/3 × (22/7) × r³

On further calculation

r³ = (38808 × 3 × 7)/ 88

So we get

r³ = 9261

By taking cube root

r = 21cm

We know that

Surface area of the sphere = 4 πr²

By substituting the values

Surface area of the sphere = 4 × (22/7) × 21²

So we get

Surface area of the sphere = 5544 cm²

Therefore, the radius of the sphere is 21cm and the surface area is 5544 cm².

(secθ – tanθ)(secθ + tanθ) 

= sec²θ – tan²θ

=1

secθ ·sinθ = 1/cosθ·sin²

= tanθ

Given R = {(a, a³): a is a prime number less than 5}

R = {(2,8), (3,27)}

Range = {8, 27}.

Given R = {(a, b) : 2 divides (a - b) 

∀ a,b  ∈ A = {0,1,2,3,4,5] 

Equivalence class [0] = {0,2, 4}

[0] = {0, ± 2, ± 4, ± 6,...}

During the Mauryan period, the state was under full control of the king. Panyadhayksh, a government officer, supervised commerce and trade. Paulvadyaksh officers used to inspect weights and measures. Shulkadhyaksh was the main officer for collecting tax on bridges. Kautilya has written that king constructed bridges, roads on land and water routes for developing trade and commerce.

He also wrote that the king took care of businessmen and traders as only they could make a country prosperous. According to Kautilya, silk and pottery produced in China were the best in the world. He has also mentioned a series of Pearl – ‘Kardbhic’. As their origin is from the river ‘Kardhic’ of Iran, they have camped Karachi. At that time, duty on imports was called Nishkranya’. The tariff for imports was generally around 20%, but there is no accurate information about exports.

The sales tax would have been another major source of public revenue. The tax rate for countable merchandise was 9.5%, for those sold by weights, the Sales tax rate was 5%, and the trade goods sold on the basis of their measurement were subject to a sales tax rate of 6.25%. In Mauryan reign, the traders used to travel in large caravans trudging along with long distances. The protection of these carnivals’ from robberies, piracy, etc, was the duty of the state, and in exchange of this, the state charged toll tax from traders.

In Mauryan reign, different separate markets were found for different articles. According to Kautilya, the separate arrangement was there for shops of food items like sweets, meat, rice, chapati, etc. Trade was specialized. Kashmir, Kaushal, Vidarbha and Kalinga were trade centres for diamonds. Himachal Pradesh was known for leather, Bengal for a muslin. Tamraparni Panday and Kerala were well – known places for the pearl.

To simplify and to facilitate trade during Mauryan Period, the king started minting coins. In Kautilya’s Arthashastra, there is a mention of four types of coins. During the Mauryan period. India had a flourishing trade with Egypt. In the end, it can be said that during the Mauryan period, prosperity was at its peak in both trade and commerce, because of which the trade became specialized and foreign trade increased in strength. Foreign trade was at its peak at that time. And that is why, in context to Mauryan reign, it can be called prosperous.

Correct option is (A) Bank of Barcelona

In Ancient India, as trade was increasing, it also resulted in the increment and discovery of new routes and because of this the trade and personal cordial relationships with many countries were established. In Ancient India, the trade was done through land and water route and different major centres were settled at the river coast only. The main reason for this was that the overland – trade route was full of risks and was plundered by the robbers.

The land route was used to conduct trade from Northern India to Afghanistan, Arabia, Iran etc. Chinese silk was sent through India via Bactria to the western countries. That is why this land route is known as the Silk route. During Mauryan reign, there was a network of the overland route in west Magadh. Through the main highway, North India was connected with South India.

This route passed through Ujjain, Vidisha, Kaushambi, Saket to Shravasti. Similarly, the second highway connected the western coast to the east coast. Passing by Braghukuch to Kaushambi to Tamralipti, the third highway joining Eastern India with western India, used to proceed from Patliputra to Iran. The fourth highway was from Champa, reaching Pushkalawati.

People of Andhra Pradesh, Kalinga and Bengal used to trade with Burma, Malaya, Sumatra, Java and Cambodia through water route. Majority of their trading was conducted from the port of Tamralipti. South India had two main trade routes – One starting from Machlipattam and the other from Vincent, going separately for some distance, they both joined at one place, forming the route passing through Hyderabad, Kalyan, Paithan and Daulatabad to Berigoja.

In central Asia, Indian traders caravans travelled across Bactrian trade centres crossing over Hindukush mountains. Bactrian trade centres were the meeting point of the routes for China, India and other western countries. Here, the trade articles were exchanged and then carried in the fleets sailing along ‘Auxis’ to Caspian sea.

Alberini, who came to India in the early eleventh century, has described fifteen road – routes of this time. These routes were connecting Kannauj, Mathura, Baari, Dhan, Anhilpatan to different parts of the country. One of these roads proceeded from Kannauj to Tamralipti, passing by Prayag, and from there, to Kalinga in the South, to Kaanchi down to far south.

The second famous route went from Kannauj, through, Panipat, Katak, and Kabul to Gazni. One of the roads connected Bayana to Kannauj. From Bayana, there was a route linking the Indian desert with present Karachi. Another route connected Delhi to Ahmedabad via Jaipur. Role of State in Trade – State has played a dominant role in developing and flourishing trader since Indus Valley civilization to the Sultanate period.

Building and maintenance of trade routes, provision for rest houses on these trade routes, to ensure safety and security of traders and their cargo, etc. was the responsibility of the chief of the state. Presence of many well – established and developed seaports indicate the keen interest of the kings to facilitate, encourage and to develop favourable trade in the country.

The general sea routes of Ancient India began from Lothal, Sutkganador, Valakot, Sotkakoh etc., which were the major ports of Indus valley. Along with Sumeria, India’s trade through Bahrien was done through sea route. In Mauryan reign, a port named Bernis was made. From here, trade was done until the port of Alexandria in Egypt.

People of Andhra Pradesh, Bengal and Kalinga had a large volume of sea trade with Burma, Malaya, Sumatra, Java and Cambodia. At Kannad coast, Vaijyanthi and at Kerala coast, Muziris and Sindhis were the major ports. Shalimar coast in Pandyan kingdom and Bandar coast in Chera kingdom were the major stations for importing foreign horses.

(a) Tamilnadu Industrial Policy – 2014

(b) Tamilnadu SEZs Policy 

(c) Tamilnadu Biotechnology Policy – 2014

The poet’s pleasure and. its sources are quite different from those of modem man. The poet finds pleasure in the flowers that bloom, in the beautiful white orchard, in the fine-looking trees and the bees swarming about them as if they are singing and dancing in joy. The poet finds joy in the bird flying about chirping melodiously. God in his divine love has made Nature so beautiful that the poet enjoys its beauty to his heart’s content.

But modern man is not pleased with these things. He needs money. He needs material pleasures. He finds his pleasure in his mobile phone, in his television set, in the theatres, in the bars, in football and cricket and in amassing wealth. I am reminded of William Wordsworth who lamented the modern man’s fascination for money. He said, “The world is too much with us late and soon/Getting and spending we lay waste our powers/ Nothing we see in Nature is ours/We’ve given our hearts away, a sordid boon.” Yes, we have made a bad bargain by loving money more than we love Nature and its beauty.

The bees do play an inevitable role in nature. It is they who help in the pollination process. They drink the honey and eat the pollen from the flowers and in the process, they help in the pollination without which there will be no fruits of grains. The poet says the happy bees hover, about the trees as if they are intoxicated by the drink they had and are dancing in joy. This sight makes us also happy. In addition to helping with the pollination, the bees supply us with their delicious honey. The buzzing of the bees is like sweet music. Thus the bees produce a feast for our eyes, ears and tongue – our senses of sight, sound, and taste.

In the first stanza, Robert Frost tells us that we should learn to get rid of our anxieties about future and enjoy living in the moment gifted to us. The poet reinforces this message in the last stanza by saying that what we see in nature is the reflection of God’s love. Only God can give love in such abundance. Our duty is to enjoy the feast he has supplied and by doing that we will be fulfilling his desires. God gives us all this beauty to make us happy and if we refuse to enjoy it, we are actually insulting God. Not enjoying it would be like not tasting the delicious dishes our host has lovingly prepared for us.

There are many factors to produce good manners.One can have good manners if one has sympathy. Through sympathy a good sense is developed. One can show one's good manners if one is polite. One can show kindness to other if one is gentle and meek. As a matter of fact we should have sympathy with others and we should known limitations.In fact sympathy is the best thing to produce good menners.

In the first stanza, the poet says that we should enjoy the pleasures of today without worrying about what will happen in the future. It is the beginning of the Spring. It is the time to plant and tend the seedlings. We should be happy at what we are doing now and not worry about the harvest that will come months later. These lines remind me of the famous poet Omar Khayyam who wrote: “Dead yesterday, unborn tomorrow/Why fret about them if today be sweet?” Yes, we should learn to enjoy the present without bothering too much about the unborn tomorrow.

"The Soldier" is a patriotic poem in form of sonnet composed by the great war poet Rupert Brooke. The poet describes the feelings of an English soldier who goes to a foreign country to fight for his country. He feels that the piece of foreign land where he will be burried in case of his death will be forever land where he will be burried in case of his death will be forever England, his own country. He consideres the piece of foreign land to be England because he was born and brought up in England. He also expresses his sense of gratitude of his country for everything he got there- the flowers, the air he breathes, the laughter that he has learnt from friends.Thus the poem shows the poet's great love for his motherland.

1. a. Kisa Gotami was in grief because her son was dead.

2. c. She asked all her neighbours for medicine.

3. b. Kisa Gotami's only son was dead.

4. d. She carried her dead child to all her neighbours to find a medicine.

5. a. Buddha said that death is common to all mortals. You cannot avoid it. No amount of lamenting and weeping can bring back the dead. To obtain peace of mind, overcome all sorrows.

Man’s duty while living in this world is to enjoy the divine beauty that God provides him with and share the love of God with other fellow-beings.

Correct option is (d) collaborations can be productive.

It is divine love. Only divine love can bring in such beauty into nature. Such love is reserved for God.

Correct option is (b) group dynamics that can interfere with group decision-making processes and can produce disastrous results.

Correct option is (c) Irving Janis

Correct option is (a) members in a group interact, but, instead of changing their minds about a topic, they keep their original ideas and strengthen those ideas.

Correct option is (c) Organizational culture

The white orchard. It is compared to ghosts by night.

Correct option is (a) those with different cultural beliefs, values or ways of behaving communicate with one another.

Correct option is (d) Customer Satisfaction.

Correct option is (c) Integrating forward or backward