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(d) Between Halifax to Vancouver

TRIPS relates to patents, copyrights, trade secrets, etc.,

(a) Rutherford conducted experiment with a gold foil bombarded with fast moving alpha particles. 

1. A gold foil with 1000 atoms thick has been taken

2. Helium ions are used to bombard the gold foil. 

3. It was expected that the alpha particles would be deflected by the subatomic particles in the gold atoms. Since the alpha particles were much heavier than the protons, he did not expected to see large deflections.

Alpha particle scattering experiment output was unexpected 

Observations 

a) Most of the fast moving alpha particles passed through the gold foil 

b) Some of the alpha particles were deflected by the foil by small angles. 

c) 12000 particles appeared to rebound 

Conclusion: 

a) Most of the atom is hollow 

b) The small angle deviation of the alpha particles confirms the presence of a positively charged centre called nucleus 

c) The nucleus of an atom is solid as the ray returns on its path and is very small in size. 

Drawbacks of this model: 

1. He failed to explain the stability of atom.

(b).Given: Mass no. = 23 

No. of electrons = 11 

Then, no. of protons = 11 

No. of neutrons = 23 – 11 = 12 

Atomic no. = 11

Correct option is (a) controlling

D) March – April

Germs / Microorganisms

In ancient times, beginning of the space research in the world was done in India, along with other countries including Mesopotamia, Egypt, China and Greece.

Aryabhatta was a major Indian astronomer. 

His astronomical contribution can be made in the following way : 

1. Aryabhatta believed that the earth is round. 

2. He told that the earth is not stationary, and it rotates on its axis. 

3. He calculated the circumference of the earth as about 24835 miles, which is almost equal to the calculation of modem astronomers, which is approximately 24901 miles. 

4. He reasoned out that the lunar eclipse is caused due to the shadow of the earth on the moon, which is an eternal truth.

Pluto, Aristotle and Ptolemy were major Greek philosophers. They believed that the earth is at the centre and the sun revolves around it in circular motion.

In order to obtain information about the planet Mars, India launched a spacecraft named Mars craft in November 2013. It was launched from Satish Dhawan Space Centre situated in Sri Harikota (Andhra Pradesh). This spacecraft travelled for 11 months and successfully entered the orbit of Mars in September 2014. India is the world’s only country to become successful in doing this in the first attempt.

1. direction and velocity 

2. sixth 

3. shadow 

4. 4th 

5. Telescope

For the development of space research in India, the Atomic Energy Department of India established the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) under the leadership of Homi Jehangir Bhabha in 1962 AD. Vikram Sarabhai has played important role in the development of Indian space research programme, Many artificial satellites have been established in the earth’s orbit by Indian scientists. The first artificial satellite – Aryabhatta – was launched from Bakanoor space centre in the erstwhile Soviet Union a in the year 1975. From then up till now, many satellites have been launched into space.

Among these satellites, Bhaskar, Apple Insat, Rohini, IRS, Edusat, Himsat, Cartosat, Resource sat, Ocean sat, GSU, Moon Craft, Mars Craft are the major ones. A satellite named Moon Craft was launched in October 2008, in order to study the moon. In November 2013, a satellite named Mars Craft was launched in order to obtain information about the planet Mars and this satellite successfully entered into the orbit of Mars in September 2014. India has launched its first space observatory “Astro SAT” in space from Sri Harikota in October 2015. This will provide new information about the universe.

Answer is: (d) China

Sputnik Space Mission : Sputnik was the world’s first artificial satellite which was launched into space by the then Soviet Union in the year 1957 with the help of a rocket. Under the Soviet Space Program, first living being was sent in Sputnik- 2. This living being was a bitch named ‘Lyca’.

Apollo Space Mission – Apollo space mission was an American mission started in the year 1969. Three astronauts were successfully sent into space in Apollo 11 spacecraft. Out of these, two astronauts were landed on the surface of the moon. Neil Armstrong was one of them, who became the world’s first person to set his foot on the surface of the moon.

Indian Space Research Organziation (ISRO) was established in the year 1962 AD under the leadership of the famous Indian scientist Homi Jehangir Bhabha.

1. (d) 

2. (f) 

3. (e) 

4. (b) 

5. (c) 

6. (a)

• Carrot, beetroot, sweet potato, radish store food materials in their roots. 
• These tuberous roots are used as food sources for human beings. Thus, plant roots are also a food sources for human beings.

United States of America, Russia, Japan and European countries are included in the nations which have established space observatories prior to India.

Bhaskaracharya II believed that the earth is round in shape and due to its gravitational force, it attracts everything towards itself.

Indian astronomers founded the theory of gravitational force of the earth, rotation and revolution of the earth many centuries earlier than Newton.

Hygiene: Maintaining cleanliness that helps to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases.

Following is a brief description of the main astronauts of the world along with their work : 

1. Soviet Union sent the first human into space under its space mission in 1961 AD. Yuri Gagarin became the world’s first person to travel into space in the spacecraft named Vostok-1.

2. In 1969 AD, America successfully sent three astronauts into space in the spacecraft named Apollo- 11. Neil Armstrong became the world’s first person to set foot on the surface of the moon. 

3. In 1984 AD, Rakesh Sharma from India travelled into space along with two Russian astronauts. They stayed for 8 days in Soyuz T-ll space station and conducted scientific experiments. 

4. Kalpana Chawla became the first woman astronaut born in India. She was a research scientist. 

5. Sunita Williams, an American citizen of Indian origin is the woman who spent maximum time in space.

(b) in 1975 AD

The World Food day theme was “Zero Hunger”.

To escape from the gravitational force of the earth, the velocity needed is around 11.2 kms/second and it is called the ‘escape velocity’.

• We eat a variety of food in our day to day life.
• For cooking food, we need different types of ingredients.
• We take food for our health and energy. 
• We get food ingredients from plants, animals and other sources.
• We use different parts of plants like stems, roots, leaves, fruits and flowers as food. 
• We get grains, vegetables and fruits from plants.
• We get food ingredients like milk, meat, egg, etc. from animals. 
• Some of the food ingredients like water and salt are obtained from other sources.

The correct answer is C) Honey

Escape velocity is not possible through humans. Hence, for this, powerful rockets are used. With the help of these rockets, spacecrafts are launched.

Ingredients, Method of preparation

The taste of food depends on its ingredients, method of preparation and cultural habits.

The velocity (speed) required for launching an artificial satellite and making it stable in its orbit is called output or launching velocity.

Benzoates, Nitrates, Sulphates are artificial preservatives.

We get milk, meat, egg and honey from animals.

The height of different satellites is around from 6400 kms to 36000 kms.

The correct answer is D) Ingredients

In Jaipur are Teej and Gangaur fairs organised.

Food preservation is the process of treating and handling food to stop and slow down spoilage.

The correct answer is B) Fish

United Nations Development Programme

United Nations Development Programme.

United Nations 

Udaipur city is known as the City of Lakes.

Answer is: (b) In 1983

(b) Sawai Madhopur

Chakri dance from Hadoti region is famous.

Danidya dance is performed in Merwar region.

Germs, for example,  germs of smallpox.

I don’t think the narrator/poet is heroic. A Hero is one who confronts any challenge and acts on it and fights to the end. The narrator is happy as a non-participant observer of heroic and rough games.