Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

This statement is False. 

Along with the likeness, society is also based on differences.

1. Though the principle of likeness is essential for society as people have similarities with regard to their needs, aims, ideals, values, outlook towards life and so on, differences is an important factor for a healthy society. 

2. To satisfy different types of needs in society, different type of personalities are essential. 

3. These differences are based on sex, age, physical strength, intelligence, talent, personality and unequal possessions of material objects and wealth.

Ernest confided in his own heart that the Gather gold was not the right person he was waiting for. He was proved right because Gather gold died after some time. He was then a poor man. All the people, then, said that he had no likeness with the Stone Face.

(i) No, Ernest did not see the likeness of the Great Stone Face in Gathergold. The truthfulness, kindness and the softness were missing on the face of Gathergold which were clearly visible on the face (ii) Ernest confided in his own heart that the Gathergold was not the right person he was waiting for. He was proved right because Gathergold died after sometime. He was then a poor man. All the people, then, said that he had no likeness with the stone face.

When Ernest was addressing the inhabitants of the valley, the poet realised that the life and character of Ernest were nobler than his works of poetry. At a distance high up in the golden light of the setting sun, the Great Stone Face appeared with white mists around it, similar to the white hairs around the brow of Ernest. At that moment, Ernest’s face took on an expression so grand that the poet proclaimed that Ernest was the s Stone Face.

There was a rumour in the valley that the great man, who would look like the Great Stone Face, had appeared at last. The rumour was triggered by the homecoming of Mr Gather gold who had left the valley as a young man and made a fortune in a distant seaport. His immense wealth prompted the people perceive in him a likeness to the Great Stone Face. The projected likeness made them also think that the prophecy was about to come true for the first time.

When Ernest read his poems, ne hoped that the poet was like the Stone Face. The poet had celebrated the Great Stone Face in his poems. Ernest believed that the poet’s thoughts were worthy of him bearing resemblance to the Stone Face.

Ernest compared the face of Blood- and-Thunder with the Great Stone Face. He could not find any similarity between them. His heart assured him that the General was not the right person he was waiting for. So Ernest concluded that the greatest and the noblest man of his time bearing the resemblance to the Great Stone Face had yet to come.

Example: Nation, political party and trades union, etc. 

The secondary group refers to a formal, impersonal group. There is limited proximity and closeness among members in the secondary group. Persons in secondary groups may not be known to each other personally. Due to its large size, there is limited personal interaction. According to Horton and Hunt, ‘Secondary groups are goaloriented’ and intentionally formed to fulfil the objectives of its members.

Example : A university professor frequently gets involved in teaching, research, consultancy, administration, publishing, examining etc. Role set also known as a role complex is a set of roles that centres around a particular social status.

Example : The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955. The Domestic Violence Act, 2005. This law is in a written form. It is important as well as obligatory in a modern, complex and dynamic society. It is applicable to all persons in that particular society.

(i) In-Group and Out-Group : An In-Group can be defined as any group or category to which people feel they belong. It comprises everyone who is regarded as ‘we’ or ‘us’.

An Out-Group is a group or category to which people feel they do not belong. In-Group simply means ‘we group’ and Out-Group means ‘They-Group’. The members of an ingroup identify themselves with one another and have a sense of belongingness to the group.

Example : One’s race, gender, favourite sports team, college. Members of an in-group sometimes feel antagonistic to, especially if the group is perceived as being different culturally or racially

Example : Fans of opposing sports teams, people of different religion, race, caste etc.

(ii) Voluntary and Involuntary group : According to Charles Elwood voluntary group is a group in which membership is based on deliberate choice. The members may join or resign from the said group. 

Example : Political parties, trade unions, youth organisations, cultural associations etc. An Involuntary Group is a group in which membership is based on birth or compulsion, rather than on choice. Example : Groups like family, caste, religious group, race etc.

(iii) Small and Large Group : The term small group is used to refer to a group small enough for all members to interact simultaneously, and is informal in nature. 

Example : Certain primary groups such as families.

Small groups include Dyad, Triad and other small groups. The smallest of all small social groups is the “Dyad” or two-member group. 

Example : A married couple. Triad is a three member small group.

Example : When the married couple has their first child, the Dyad becomes a “Triad”. Large Group is large in size and formal in nature. 

Example : Nation, State, University.

(iv) Primary and Secondary Group : The groups in which individuals work through mutual co-operation and are very closely related are called primary groups. Example : Family, peer group, kin group, neighbourhood.

The secondary group refers to a formal, impersonal group, where mutual relations of persons are not very close. Example : Political party, Nation, Commercial companies, Labour Union etc.

Ernest was a small boy when he became interested in the Great Stone Face. He felt that the face smiled on him. He wished to love the man with such a face. He was dutiful and helpful to his mother. He grew up to be a gentle and quiet youth. He regarded the Stone Face as his teacher. He turned to the Face for advice. He was not influnced by the common belief that Gather gold or Blood-and-Thunder General had any resemblance With the Stone Face.

Even the poet’s face made him sad. And he was right when the poet himself admitted that he wasn’t worthy to be the likeness of the face. Finally, the same poet shouted with joy that Ernest himself was the likeness of the Stone Face. But Ernest remained humble to the last. He kept hoping that some wiser and better man than himself would appear.

Yes, Ascribed status is less significant in modern society because it is determined on the basis of age, sex, kinship, race etc., which are biological in origin. It is static in nature hence lacks of mobility. Achieved status are more important in modern society which is attained by a person though his or her own effort. People with achieved status can improve their position within the social system on their own merit and achievements.

1. An in-group can be defined as any group or category to which people feel they belong. 

2. It compresses of everyone who is regarded as “we” or “us”. 

3. An out-group is a group or category to which people feel they do not belong. 

4. Out-group means “They group”. The very existence of an In-Group implies that there is an ‘Out-group’. 

5. Members of an in-group sometimes are threatened by another group, known as out group. 

Example : In-group – Family, religion, race, gender we belong to. Out-group – Race, culture, gender, age, religion, which we do not belong to.

This statement is True.

1. Members of an in-group sometimes feel antagonistic to, or are threatened by another group, especially if the group is perceived as being different culturally or racially and are known as out group. 

2. An out-group consists of those persons towards whom we feel a sense of indifference, avoidance, disgust, competition or conflict. 

3. An ‘Out-Group’ is a group or category to which people feel they do not belong.

(i) The society is the aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community. The most important component of society is social relationships among people.

(ii) For a relationship to be social, certain conditions must exist: 

1. The persons involved in the social relationship must be aware of each other. 

2. There must be some form of reciprocity between the individuals concerned. Society is dynamic as it changes continuously. Society includes likeness and differences Example : Peoples Education Society, Ideal Housing society, Tribal society, Co-operative society, etc.

1. They are generally known as standards of group behaviour.

2. It is related to conformity in society. Conformity gives stability to society and creates peace and order in society. 

3. No society and no social group can exist without norms. 

4. Norms have made possible the orderly interaction of people in society. 

5. Everywhere, norms serve the individual as a guide for conduct. 

6. They are generally known as ‘standards of group behaviour. 

7. The word norm is used to represent folkways, mores, laws, customs etc. 

Example : Obedience from children, the manner of speech, the time of meals, not telling lies etc.

1. The term community denotes uniformly and permanently shared lives of people over a region. 

2. When a group of people live in a definite territory to fulfil their common objectives and needs we call it a community. Locality and community sentiments are two elements of community locality -A group of people form a community only when they begin to reside in a definite locality and community sentiment Community sentiment means a shared sense of belonging. 

Example : Hindu community, Muslim community, Rural community, Tribal community, etc.

(i) Exit

(ii) status

(iii) differences

(iv) existence

(v) control

1. Role conflict refers to a clash between roles. 

2. When one faces incompatibility between two or more roles at the same time or in a given situation. Role conflict is inevitable.

Example: A boss will suffer role conflict if forced to fine an employee who is also a close friend. A newly married bride experiences role conflict because she has to adjust with her inlaws, household work and office work.

The concept of reference group was introduced by Robert Merton. A reference group is a group to which an individual or another group is compared. We use reference groups in order to guide our behaviour and attitudes that help us to identify social norms.

Reference Groups are of two types Informal and Formal.

1. Informal reference groups are formed by the individual as per their likes, interests and attitudes. Example : Family, peer groups, teachers, siblings, associates, etc.

2. Formal Reference Group are the ones that have a specific goal or mission. Example : Labour unions, supreme court, military units, corporations, worship place, universities, etc.

Folkways : The term was first used by William Sumner. According to him, folkways are the recognized ways of behaving and acting in society. Example, eating using one’s fingers, eating with chopsticks, eating with fork and spoon; different ways of wearing a sari.

Mores : Mores are more rigid than folkways. They are instruments of social control and deals with higher values of people. Example, sexual relations before marriage are not permitted.

Law : Law is an important and essential element of society. They are deliberately formulated rules of behaviour. It is universal in nature and common for all to follow. There are two types of law- Customary Law and Enacted Law.

1. Customary law – It is not in a written form but orally transmitted. It is followed in tribal as well as in rural society.

2. Enacted law – This law is in a written form. It is important as well as obligatory in a modern, complex and dynamic society. For example, The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955; The Domestic Violence Act, 2005.

(i) Norms which can be applied in daily life are called standard norms.

(ii) Family is an example of a/an involuntary group.

1. Physical proximity : This is essential for a primary group as people have close relations with each other. Hence, they experience physical proximity.

2. Smallness of the group : These social groups are small in size and bring out the close relations among its members. 

3. Permanence of relationship : Close relations create more unity among the members. 

4. Face-to-face relationship : These social groups are small in size and are based on greater closeness. It is useful for maintaining group stability. 

5. Similar objectives and goals : This group is homogeneous in nature. Hence, there is uniformity of objectives and goals among its members. 

6. The relationship is an end in itself: The relationships in this group are very natural. 

7. Informal control: This group is conventional and based on emotional bonds.

A community is a territorial group. It always occupies some geographical area. It has its own definite territorial boundaries. Locality is the physical basis of community. The nomadic community also has locality though they have changing habitation. 

1. Locality – A group of people form a community only when they begin to reside in a definite locality. Living together helps people to develop social contacts. Togetherness also gives people protection, safety and security. It helps members to fulfil their common interests. Living together helps people to develop social contacts. Togetherness also gives people protection, safety and security. It helps members to fulfil their common interests. 

2. Community Sentiment means a shared sense of belonging. Members must be aware of staying together and sharing common interests. People living in a community must have awareness of sharing a way of life. Due to this community sentiment, individuals are emotionally attached to their community.

This statement is False.

1. The relations of members of secondary group are formal in nature. They are based on rules, laws, functioning etc. 

2. There is limited proximity and closeness among members in secondary groups. 

3. As a Special Interest Group’ secondary groups are intentionally formed to fulfil the objectives of its members. 

4. Persons in secondary groups may not be known to each other personally, it is goal oriented hence formal in nature.

When a person experiences difficulties in performing the duties it is called role strain.

Following are the two merits of a good questionnaire 

1. Questions should be easy and understandable. 

2. Questions should be such that their correct answers can be given. They can be multiple choice or simple choice type questions.

In secondary group the relations of members are formal in nature.

(c) Reference Group – Guide our behaviour

Laws that are important and obligatory in nature are called enacted law.

Community sentiment means a shared sense of belonging.

(a) streptokinase 

(b) Trichoderma polysporum 

(c) Immunosuppressant in organ transplant patients 

(d) Statins

Methanobacterium is used to produce bio gas and can be used as source of energy as it is inflammable. It is an anaerobic bacterium used in sludge digesters.

Methane, CO₂ , H₂

1. Tunicated bulb: 

When fleshy scale leaves are arranged on stem in concentric manner, bulb is called as tunicated bulb or layered bulb. E.g. Onion 

2. Compound tunicated bulb: 

When fleshy scale leaves arranged on stem, partially overlap each other by their margins only, such bulb is called compound tunicated or scaly bulb. e.g. Garlic

1. Potato is a stem tuber. 

2. It is an underground stem, modified for storage of food material. 

3. Special underground branches of stem at their tips becomes swollen due to storage of food which is mostly starch. 

4. Stem tuber shows distinct nodes, but not intemodes hence it is classified as stem. 

5. At nodal part, it shows scale leaves with axillary buds, which are commonly called as ‘eyes’.

6. Under favourable conditions, ‘eyes’ can produce aerial shoots. 

7. Potato tuber can be propagated vegetatively. 

[Note: In stem tuber, internodes are present but they are not very distinct.]

(i) Underground parts of a plant are not always roots.

In some plants, stems are also underground for some additional purpose; like food storage and vegetative propagation. Presence of scaly leaves on potato and ginger shows that they are not roots rather stems.

(ii) Flower is a modified shoot.

Flower comes out of stem hence it is a shoot. It serves the special purpose of sexual reproduction. Hence, flower is called a modified shoot.

Sometimes, roots are modified to serve some functions other than its main function of providing anchorage and absorption of water and minerals. 

a. Banyan Tree: In banyan trees, hanging roots come out from branches. The hanging roots then go into the soil to provide additional support to the huge banyan tree. Such roots are called prop roots. 

b. Turnip: The tap root in turnip is modified for food storage. 

c. Mangrove trees: Mangrove trees are found in marshy area. In such plants, many roots come out vertically above the ground. These are hollow roots and are called pneumatophores. They facilitate exchange of gases in the roots.

Correct Answer is: (C) Both A and B 

• Organisms such as hydra use regenerative cells for reproduction in the process of budding. In hydra, a bud develops as an outgrowth due to repeated cell division at one specific site. 

• These buds develop into tiny individuals and, when fully mature, detach from the parent body and become new independent individuals. 

• Most yeasts reproduce asexually by an asymmetric division process called budding. First it produces a small protuberance on the parent cell that grows to a full size and forms a bud. 

• The nucleus of the parent cell splits into a daughter nucleus and migrates into the daughter cell.

As we can see, the leopard was the most formidable of all the opponents of Anansi. Clever Anansi knew that if he had to deal with the leopard, he should ensure that the leopard was already in a disadvantageous position. That is why he thought of a clever ploy. Anansi went into the forest and dug a deep pit where the leopard was accustomed to walking.

He covered it with small branches and leaves and put dust on it so that it was impossible to know where the pit was. Osebo came prowling in the black night, stepped into the trap and fell to the bottom. Next morning Anansi went to the pit and saw the leopard there.

Osebo asked for help from Anansi. Anansi bent a tall tree towards the ground, so that its top was over the pit and he tied it that way. Then he tied a rope to the tree and dropped the other end of it into the pit. Anansi asked Osebo to tie the rope to his tail. When Osebo did as he was told, Anansi took his knife and cut the rope that held the tree bowed to the ground. The tree straightened up with a snap, pulling Osebo out of the hole and ‘ he hung in the air upside down. Anansi then easily killed him and took his body to Nyame, the Sky God.

blogs are web sites to publish our works like stories, poems, and articles,

The volume of air that remains in the lungs and the dead space even after maximum expiration (1100 to 1200 ml).

It is the volume of uninspired or expired during normal breathing. It is 500 ml.

(C) Both (A) & (B)

The answer is (d) Gulmohar

The number of bracteoles varies from 3 to many; they form a whorl of epicalyx below the calyx.