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Srimati Durgabai, Srimati Sarojni Naidu.

(c)  June 1946

The Members in the cabinet mission were 3

Members of Cabinet Mission: 

The Cabinet Mission with three members in all came to India on March 23, 1946. The were 

• Frederick Pa-thick Lawrence 
• Sir Stafford Cripps 
• A.V. Alexander.

They demanded a separate Pakistan. For this, Muslim League boycotted the Constituent Assembly. .

Dr. Sachhidanand Sinha.

They were 211 in all.

(i) The facilities for tourists to stay, travel, etc. are provided through the Tourism Development Corporation. 

(ii) Sale of curios and the hotel industry thrives in tourist places. 

(iii) In some places, there are guides who give information to tourists about that area. 

(iv) Sometimes when vehicles don’t reach the destination in some remote areas and difficult to reach tourist places, the local people help the tourists in return for a fee. Thus, employment opportunities are generated out of these needs.

(i) Government has reserved some forests for the industries based on forests. 

(ii) The task of conservation of the forests is done by the Central government, the State government, and by the local people. 

(iii) Forests are necessary for the raw material for industries like construction, paper, newsprint, silk, matchboxes, medicinal herbs, honey, lacquer, and raw material needed for paint.

(i) India’s internal trade takes place through railways, waterways, roads, airways, etc. Ports like Mumbai, Kolkata, Cochin and Chennai are important. 

(ii) Commodities like coal, cotton, cotton textiles, rice, wheat, raw jute, iron, steel, oilseeds, salt, sugar, etc. are included in internal trade. 

(iii) Due to the development of industries, the standard of life in the country improves.

(iv) Many opportunities for employment become available. On the whole, it helps in the progress of the country.

(i) India has a rich cultural heritage. There are places of worship of different religions, pilgrimage centers, confluences of rivers, forts, caves, etc. all over our country. 

(ii) Tourists from our country as well as from abroad travel in India throughout the year.

(iii) The facilities for tourists to stay, travel, etc. are provided through the Tourism Development Corporation. Sale of curios and the hotel industry thrives in tourist places. In some places, there are guides who give information to tourists about that area. 

(iv) Sometimes when vehicles don’t reach the destination in some remote areas and difficult to reach tourist places, the local people help the tourists in return for a fee. 

(v) Employment opportunities are generated out of these needs. Thus, the tourism industry has developed a lot in India.

The following efforts are made by our Government to promote agriculture and industries: 

(i) To encourage farming, loans are given to farmers through rural banks and cooperative institutions. 

(ii) Study visits, agricultural outdoor trips and farmers’ get-togethers are organised through the Panchayat Samitis to bring about improvements in agriculture. 

(iii) Tools and implements, seeds and fertilisers are also supplied. The farmers are given training regarding soil testing, nursery of fruit plants, pisciculture, poultry, cattle and goat rearing, dairy farming, etc. 

(iv) Guidance is given to farmers by a district level training institute. Financial help is given to build warehouses for storing the farm produce.

(i) After India became independent, the Industrial Finance Corporation of India was established in 1948 to make available long term loans to Industrial projects. 

(ii) The Industrial Development Corporation was established in 1954 in order to bring about greater development of the industrial sector. 

(iii) Due to the development of industries, many opportunities for employment become available. 

(iv) On the whole, it helps in the progress of the country. 

(v) Thus the standard of life in the country improves.

Correct option is (b) Ludhiana

Correct option is (b) Determining the quality standards of cloth

Correct option is (b) Automobile

Correct option: (A) 19

In Fe(CNS)₃.3H₂O

% of H₂O = \(\cfrac{3\, \times \,18}{284}\) x 100 =19%

(i) O^2- > F^- > Na⁺ > Mg²⁺

 (140    136    95     65) pm

(ii) Ca²⁺ < Ar < Cl^- = S^2-

    (99      154  184  184) pm

Because of complete octet of Carbon in its compound.

Correct option is  B) Hydrogen

Correct option is  B) gallium

Correct option is  C) Sodium

The negative sign indicates that energy is liberated or lost, and the positive sign indicates that the energy is gained or absorbed.

1. Group VII A elements are called Halogens. 

2. Zero group elements are called Noble gases.

Correct option is  A) Cl, Br, I

Africa is almost at the centre of the earth and surrounded by other continents, so it is referred to as central continent. Moreover, the equator passes almost at the centre of Africa.

1. They have same number of valence electrons that is 1 and valency 1. So they have similar chemical properties.

2. They are called alkali metals.

Isthmus is a narrow strip of land joining two large land masses.

Africa has five important basins. They are 

1. Sudan basin 

2. Chad Basin

3. Djouf basin 

4. Congo (Zaire) Basin 

5. Kalahari Basin

The Suez canal.

Natural vegetation of Africa is, Equatorial rain forest, Monsoon forest, Savanna grassland, Veld grassland, Mediterranean vegetation, Mountain vegetation, Desert vegetation, Semi-desert vegetation.

Mt. Kilimanjaro (5,895 m).

Maize, Millets, Rice, Cassara, Sweet potato, Peanuts and Starch crops.

Although Mt. Kilimanjaro is close to the equator, its peak is covered with snow due it is great height (5,895 m)

Botswana, Zaire, South Africa, Angola, Namibia and Ghana.

The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the first shell
is 2 and that in the 2nd shell is 8.

In fig ii, the number of electrons in the first shell is 4 and in fig iv the number of electrons in the second shell is 9 both of which are above the allowed capacity. So, they do not represent Bohr’s model of an atom correctly.

Hence, the correct option is C.

Correct option is  D) 32

Lake Victoria (69,481 km² ).

Cameroon which receives 1016 cm of rainfall.

The Aswan dam built across the river Nile in Egypt.

Africa has four mighty rivers: The Nile, the Congo, the Niger, and the Zambezi the Senegal, the Orange and the Limpopo are the other important rivers of Africa.

Cape Agulhas (South Africa).

C) a →ii, b → iv, c → i, d → iii

Lake Tanganyika (1,436 m deep).

i. ‘x’ represents amplitude of the wave. 

ii. ‘y’ represents wavelength of the wave.

i. Wavelength (λ) :

• The distance between two consecutive crests or two consecutive troughs in a wave is called wavelength.
• It is represented by Greek letter λ (lambda).
• The SI unit for wavelength is metre (m).

Note : The other units include Angstrom, nanometre, picometer (1 pm = 10^-12 m) and micron (1µ = 10^-6m). 

1Å = 10^-8 cm = 10^-10m 

1nm = 10^-9m = 10Å

ii. Frequency (ν) :

• The number of waves that pass a given point in one second is called frequency. 
• It is represented by Greek letter ‘ν’ (nu). 
• The SI unit of frequency is Hertz (Hz) or s^-1.

Note : 1 Hz = 1 cycle per second (1 cps) 

The units, kilo Hertz (kHz) and mega Hertz (mHz) are commonly used.

1 kHz = 10³ Hz = 10³ cps 

1 mHz = 10⁶ Hz = 10⁶ cps

iii. Wavenumber (\(\bar{\nu}\)) :

• The number of wavelengths per unit length is called the wavenumber.
• It is represented by \(\bar{\nu}\) (nu bar).
• The commonly used unit for wavenumber is cm^-1 while its SI unit is m^-1.
• Wavenumber of a wave is related to the wavelength as follows : \(\bar{\nu}\) = \(\frac{1}{\lambda}\)

iv. Amplitude (A) :

• The height of a crest or the depth of a trough from the line of propagation of the wave is called amplitude.
• It is represented by letter ‘A’.
• The square of the amplitude represents the intensity (brightness) of the radiation.

v. Velocity (c) :

• The distance travelled by a wave in one second is called the velocity of the wave.
• It is denoted by letter c.
• It is the product of the frequency and wavelength. Hence, c = νλ
• The velocity of all types of electromagnetic radiations (in space or in vacuum) is the same and it is equal to the velocity of light (3 × 10¹⁰cm s^-1 or 3 × 10⁸ m s^-1. However, they may have different wavelengths and frequencies.

C) a → ii, b →iv, c → i, d → iii

Electrophiles: 

Electrophiles are reagents that are attracted towards negative charge or electron rich center. They are either positively charged ions or electron deficient neutral molecules. 

Example:

CO₂ , AlCl₃ , BF₃ , FeCl₃ , NO⁺ , NO⁺₂ ,, etc.

Nucleophiles: 

Nucleophiles are reagents that has high affinity for electropositive centers. They possess an atom has a unshared pair of electrons. They are usually negatively charged ions or electron rich neutral molecules. 

Example. NH₃, R-NH₂, R-SH, H₂O, R-OH, CN^- . OH- etc.

Correct option is  D) All of these

The spectrum of radiation emitted by a substance that has absorbed energy is called an emission spectrum. 

When a sample of atomic vapors is placed in the path of white light from an arc lamp, it absorbs light of certain characteristic wave length and the light of other wavelength get transmitted. This produces a series of dark lines on a white background.