Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Answer is (B) residents

It was launched in 1991 as the structural adjustment programme and it was started by the then Prime Minister Narasimha Rao: 

1. India’s New Economic Policy was launched by the then Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh. 

2. The economic changes first became visible in 1991 and radically changed the direction that Indian Economy had pursued since independence towards liberalized and open economy.

(A) Hyderabad

(a) Maize -> wind pollination Vallisneria-> water pollination Rose -> insect pollination 

(b) In maize pollen grains are produced in large quantity, small flowers are packed into inflorescence, and stamen and stigma are exposed.

In vallisneria pollen grains are non sticky and surrounded by mucilaginous layer to prevent from wetting. They have not produced nectar and scent. In rose pollen grains are sticky and produced strong scent, the flowers are brightly coloured. it attract insect for pollination.

(1) Maize wind pollination

a. The pollen grains are light and non-sticky

b. They possess well-exposed stamens and feathery stigma

(2) Vallisneria water pollination

a. Water pollinated flowers are not very colourful and do not produce nectar.

b. Pollen grains are protected from wetting by a mucilaginous covering

(3) Rose Insect polination

a. Insect-pollinated flowers are large, colourful, fragrant and rich in nectar.

b. The flowers are small, a number of flowersare clustered into an inflorescence.

(c) A (ii) B (iv) C (i) D (iii)

Naval Blockade

The Bank advances loans to members in two ways 

1. Loans out of its own fund, 

2. Loans out of borrowed capital.

1. Multilateral trade agreement: It is a multi national legal or trade agreements between countries. It is an agreement between more than two countries but not many.

2. The various agreements implemented by the WTO such as TRIPS, TRIMS, GATS, AoA, MFA have been discussed.

(c) USA – Richard Nixon

1. Trade blocks cover different kinds of arrangements between or among countries for mutual benefit. Economic integration takes the form of Free Trade Area, Customs Union, Common Market and Economic Union.

2. A free trade area is the region encompassing a trade bloc whose member countries have signed a freetrade agreement (FTA). Such agreements involve cooperation between at least two countries to reduce trade barriers, e.g. SAFTA, EFTA.

3. A customs union is defined as a type of trade block which is composed of a free trade area with no tariff among members and (zero tariffs among members) with a common external tariff, e.g. BENELUX (Belgium, Netherland and Luxumbuarg).

4. Common market is established through trade pacts. A group formed by countries within a geographical area to promote duty free trade and free movement of labour and capital among its members, e.g. European Common Market (ECM).

5. An economic union is composed of a common market with a customs union. The participant countries have both common policies on product regulation, freedom of movement of goods, services and the factors of production and a common external trade policy. (e.g. European Economic Union).

(I) Establishment of monetary reserve fund: 

1. The Fund has played a major role in achieving the sizeable stock of the national currencies of different countries. 

2. To meet the foreign exchange requirements of the member nations, IMF uses its stock to help the member nations to meet foreign exchange requirements.

(II) Monetary discipline and cooperation:

1. The IMF has shown keen interest in maintaining monetary discipline and cooperation among the member countries. 

2. To achieve this objective, it has provided assistance only to those countries which make sincere efforts to solve their problems.

(III) Special interest in the problems of UDCs:

1. The notable success of the Fund is the maintenance of special interest in the acute problems of developing countries. 

2. The Fund has provided financial assistance to solve the balance of payment problem of UDCs. 

3. However, many UDCs continue to be UDCs, while the developed countries have achieved substantial growth.

Common market is established through trade pacts. A group formed by countries within a geographical area to promote duty free trade and free movement of labour and capital amongits members, e.g. European Common Market (ECM).

Ayatollah Khomeini initiated the Islamic Revolution in Iran(1979).

Tariffs and quotas are the common types of trade barriers.

1. A free trade area is the region encompassing a trade bloc whose member countries have signed a free-trade agreement (FTA). 

2. Such agreements involve cooperation between at least two countries to reduce trade barriers, e.g. SAFTA, EFTA.

An economic union is composed of a common market with a customs union. The participant countries have both common policies on product regulation, freedom of movement of goods, services and the factors of production and a common external trade policy, (e.g. European Economic Union)

EU > CM > CU > FTA

EU – Economic Union > 

CM – Common – Market > 

CU – Customs Union > 

FTA – Free Trade Area

The regional economic integration among the trade blocks such as SAARC (South Asian nations), ASEAN (South East Asia) and BRICS and their achievements.

Trade agreements generally focus on relaxation or even the elimination of trade barriers.

South Asian Association For Regional Co – Operation (SAARC): 

1. The South Asian Association for Regional Co – operation (SAARC) is an organisation of South Asian nations, which was established on 8 December 1985 for the promotion of economic and social progress, cultural development within the South Asia region and also for friendship and co – operation with other developing countries.

2. The SAARC Group (SAARC) comprises of Bangaladesh, Bhutan, India, The Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

3. In April 2007, Afghanistan became its eighth member

The SAARC Secretariat is at Kathmandu (Nepal).

Perestroika means economic rehabilation and Glasnost means openness in administration.

• The rock edicts and pillar inscriptions are found in many places in the regions of Afghanistan, Nepal, and India.
• These rock edicts and pillar inscriptions give information about the boundaries of the Mauryan empire. 
• Ashoka’s effects to spreads Buddhist ideals and the written evidence of the spread of Buddhism and Indian culture in distant countries through the Buddhist monks sent by Ashoka occurs in these inscriptions. 
• Thus, the rock edicts of Ashoka are an important source of history.

When the writer faced Antarctica’s expansive white landscape, her first emotion was of a relief from a long journey followed up with an immediate and profound wonder.

जब लेखिका ने अन्टार्कटिका के विशाल श्वेत भूदृश्य को देखा तो उसकी प्रथम भावना एक लम्बी यात्रा से राहत की थी, तदुपरान्त उसे तुरन्त ही अत्यधिक आश्चर्य हुआ।

The climate of Gondwana was warm enough. This climate hosted a huge variety of flora and fauna. There existed mammoth animals such as dinosaurs and woolly rhinos in that climate. But then human beings did not exist.

गोंडवाना की जलवायु काफी गर्म थी। इसे जलवायु में विविध प्रकार की वनस्पति व जीव पनपते थे। उस जलवायु में डायनोसोर्ज और ऊन वाले गेण्डों जैसे दैत्याकार जानवर अस्तित्व में थे। परन्तु उस समय मनुष्य का अस्तित्व नहीं था।

From Antarctica, we can study the Earth’s past and present. We can guess the world’s future caused by the evil effects of global warming. All forms of life are heading towards extinction.

अंटार्कटिका से हम पृथ्वी के भूत और वर्तमान काल का अध्ययन कर सकते हैं। वैश्विक गर्मी के दुष्प्रभावों से हम विश्व के भविष्य को अनुमान लगा सकते हैं। सभी प्रकार का जीवन तेजी से लोप की ओर बढ़ रही है।

Correct Answer is: Diplomacy.

(i) Apart from these six major organs, there are many affiliated organisations of the United Nations that help it in its functions. They are called specialised agencies. 

(ii) Working in specific areas, they help different nations in those areas. 

(iii) The following are some of these important agencies:

• International Labour Organisation (ILO) 
• Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 
• World Health Organisation (WHO) 
• World Bank (WB) 
• International Monetary Fund (IMF) 
• United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)

(d) none of the above

Humans have inhabited villages, towns, cities and megacities. In the process of doing so, they have destroyed forests, mountains and other natural places. They are using natural resources at their will. Thus they have established dominance over nature.

मनुष्यों ने गाँव, कस्बे, शहर, और बड़े-बड़े शहर बसा दिये हैं। ऐसा करने की प्रक्रिया में उन्होंने वनों, पर्वतों व अन्य प्राकृतिक स्थानों को नष्ट कर दिया है। वे प्राकृतिक संसाधनों का मनमर्जी से उपयोग कर रहे हैं। इस प्रकार उन्होंने प्रकृति पर प्रभुत्व स्थापित कर लिया है।

The United Nations General Assembly is a platform to discuss global problems.

Functions of General Assembly are: 

• To elect the non-permanent members of the Security Council. 
• To choose the United Nations Secretary General and the judges of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in consultation with the Security Council. 
• To pass the annual budget of the United Nations.

The next CHOGM summit will be held at Samoa in 2022.

Telangana struggle is one of the region based identity struggle.

True. 

• At the end of the First World War, all the nations felt that such a war should not happen again and some measures need to be taken to achieve that end. 
• An international organisation called the League of Nations was established out of this thinking. 
• It became an important platform to solve international disputes and carry out negotiations. 
• The main responsibility of the League of Nations was understood to be to avoid war.

Lesbian. Gay, Bi-Sexual. Transgender.

United Progressive Alliance.

1. (c) 

2. (d) 

3. (a) 

4. (b).

(i) 6,14 

(ii) 108 

(iii) Information.

Correct Answer is: (b) Positive

Concept of Swadeshi: These days, the general meaning of word Swadeshi is taken to be indigenous products, that is, the consumption of products produced in the country is Swadeshi. When the distance between countries is decreasing in this age of globalization and contact between countries is increasing, the use of Swadeshi in this implication is to limit its meaning.

The feeling of Swadeshi implies our notion which teaches us to leave the distant and utilizing and serving our nearby region only. For example, it would be said about religion that should adhere to the religion inherited from the ancestors. In the sphere of economy, one should use commodities made by the neighbours only, removing the shortcomings of these industries and making them more complete and capable. The meaning of “Swadeshi” is a tendency, which is revealed in all aspects of life with a feeling of “self’. It is not only a constant tendency; rather it integrates the challenge of change favourably with the conditions of country and society. It is not a reaction against the blind following of the west, rather it alerts us towards blindly following it.

Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay has said that along with the knowledge and science of the west, the lifestyle, speech, food etc. customs also came into the country. We have to decide if the custom is good or bad. If it is not appropriate, then it would be best to abandon its allure. Maharishi Arvind had said that the implication of Swadeshi is about the identity of a nation’s dignity and its willpower. The readiness of society to make the sacrifices for the country is reflected through its concept of Swadeshi.

According to Gopal Krishna Gokhale, the Swadeshi philosophy teaches sacrifice for the motherland. The country becomes prosperous and the feeling of brotherhood enhances in the country by this. This thought of Swadeshi is prevalent in India since the very ancient time.

India made self-reliance an objective in the five years plans, but its implication was in the form of getting freedom from foreign assistance. Under this, the country has today become completely self-reliant in food grains and machinery, which it used to import earlier. Global influences are increasing rapidly in this age of globalization, for which global institutions propagated by the west have contributed greatly. To protect the economy and social system of the country from these influences, it is necessary that Swadeshi should be embraced.

Foot-binding was a cruel practice of not allowing women to have fully grown feet.

The author finds great joy in the company of mountains. He feels miserable in the plains. Their beauty and majesty pose a great challenge. The author believes that mountains are a means of communion with God.

Japan invaded China in 1937.

Climbing the mountains was difficult, but reaching the summit gives one a feeling of satisfaction and deep fulfilment.

German Chancellor Angela Merkel won the Indira Gandhi prize for peace in 2013.

The CCP had been founded in 1921, soon after the Russian Revolution.

Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.

The beauty and majesty of the mountains pose a great challenge for a climber and they are a means of communion with God.

The demonstration of endurance, persistence and willpower in overcoming great difficulties is delightful.

Liberalization was started in India in 1991.

1. The Guomindang, despite its attempts to unite the country, failed because of its narrow social base and limited political vision. 

2. A major plank in Sun Yat-sen’s programme – regulating capital and equalizing land was never carried out because the party ignored the peasantry and the rising social inequalities. 

3. It sought to impose military order rather than address the problems faced by the people.