Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

(i) 73 + (- 85) = 73 – 85 = – 12 

(ii) (- 48) + (- 39) = – 48 – 39 = – 87 

(iii) 56 + (- 67) + (- 47) = 56 – 67 – 47 = 56 – 114 = – 58 

(iv) (- 49) – (- 28) + (- 14) = – 49 + 28 – 14 = – 49 – 14 + 28 = – 63 + 28 = – 35

(ii) Each negative integer is each positive integer are small 

(iii) Neutral

According to question – 

(i) + 45°C or 45°C 

(ii) – 10°C 

(iii) + Rs 300 

(iv) – Rs 500

First find the square of 1465.

(1465)² =(146 × 147)25 [Statement 9] 

(1465)² = 2146225 

(1465 + 3)² = 1465² + 2 × 1465 × 3 + 3² 

= 2146225 + 8790 + 9 

(1468)² = 2155024

(a)

1. SELECT Acodes, ActivityName FROM ACTIVITY ORDER BY ACode DESC;

2. SELECT SUM(PrizeMoney) FROM ACTIVITY GROUP BY Stadium;

3. SELECT Name, Acode FROM COACH ORDER BY Acode;

4. SELECT * FROM ACTIVITY WHERE SchduleDate < ’01-Jan-2004′ ORDER BY ParticipantsNum;

(b)

1. 3

2. 12-Dec-2003 19-Mar-2004

3. Ravinder Discuss Throw

4. 1001

1008

1003

Achievements of Mendeleev's Periodic Table

Mendeleev's periodic table was one of the greatest achievements in chemistry with some of its important contributions as follows:

Systematic Study of Elements

Mendeleev's Periodic table simplified the study of elements. As the arrangements of elements showing similar properties were classified into groups, it was very useful in studying and remembering the properties of a large number of elements in a systematic way.

Prediction of New Elements

Based on the positions in the periodic table, Mendeleev could predict the properties of some undiscovered elements. He left three blanks for elements that were not discovered at that time. He was able to predict the properties of these unknown elements more or less accurately. He named them eka-boron, eka-aluminium and eka-silicon. He named them so, as they were just below boron, aluminium and silicon in the respective sub-groups. Eka-boron was later named as scandium, eka-aluminium as gallium and eka-silicon as germanium.

Correction of Atomic Masses

Mendeleev's periodic table helped in correcting the atomic masses of some of the elements, based on their positions in the periodic table. For example, atomic mass of beryllium was corrected from 13.5 to 9.0. Atomic masses of indium, gold and platinum were also corrected.

Periodic table – The table giving the arrangement of the known elements according to their properties so that similar elements fall within the same vertical column and dissimilar elements are separated.

Mendeleev's Periodic Table

In 1869, Mendeleev classified the then known 56 elements on the basis of their physical and chemical properties in the increasing order of the atomic masses, in the form of a table. Mendeleev had observed that properties of the elements orderly recur in a cyclic fashion. He found that the elements with similar properties recur at regular intervals when the elements are arranged in the order of their increasing atomic masses. He concluded that 'the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic masses'. This came to be known as the law of chemical periodicity and stated: that the physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic function of their atomic weights.

Based on this law all the known elements were arranged in the form of a table called the 'Periodic Table'. Elements with similar properties recurred at regular intervals and fell in certain groups or families. The elements in each group were similar to each other in many properties. The elements with dissimilar properties from one another were separated. Mendeleev's periodic table contains eight vertical columns of elements called 'groups' and seven horizontal rows called 'periods', Each group has two sub-groups A and B. The properties of elements of a sub-group resemble each other more markedly than the properties of those between the elements of the two sub-groups.

Defects of Law of Octaves

• This law could be best applied, only up to the element calcium.

• Newly discovered elements could not fit into the octave structure.

• The feature of resemblance of the 8th element when arranged in increasing order of their atomic mass was not successful with heavier elements.

Dobereiner's Triads

In the year 1829, Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner, a German scientist, was the first to classify elements into groups based on John Dalton's assertions. He grouped the elements with similar chemical properties into clusters of three called 'Triads'. The distinctive feature of a triad was the atomic mass of the middle element. When elements were arranged in order of their increasing atomic mass, the atomic mass of the middle element was approximately the arithmetic mean of the other two elements of the triad.

Defects of Triad Classification

• A large number of similar elements could not be grouped into triads e.g., iron, manganese, nickel, cobalt, zinc and copper are similar elements but could not be placed in the triads.

• It was possible that quite dissimilar elements could be grouped into triads.

• Dobereiner could only classify 3 triads successfully (highlighted in the table).

Since he failed to arrange the then known elements in the form of triads his attempt at classification was not very successful.

Newlands' Law of Octaves

Newland arranged many of the known elements in the increasing order of their atomic masses. He started with the element having the lowest atomic mass (hydrogen) and ended at thorium which was the 56th element. 

He arranged many of the known elements in the increasing order of their atomic masses. It was noticed that the eighth element was similar in properties to the first element, just like the eighth note in music - Western as well as Indian.

Magic Numbers – When the elements are arranged in the order of increasing atomic number, it is observed that the elements with similar properties recur after intervals of either 2 or 8 or 18 or 32 elements. These numbers(2, 8,18, 32) are called magic numbers.

Snails sex of the offsprings not genetically determined.

The answer is (a) from nodes of stem

The answer is (b) Epiphytic roots

Plants in marshy areas e.g. Mangrove plants.

The answer is c) Maturation zone

world wide web

3 × 10⁸ m/sec

It is the distance between two successive crests (peaks) or trough in a wave.

The number of waves which pass through a given point in one second is called frequency of light.

Medical education improves the health of the people and provides appropriate medical facilities at the time of illness.

There is a need to undertake investments in human capital. It is necessary to invest in human resources because to make them more innovative, productive and useful by investing in their education, health and training. The Government is taking many steps to educate, train and protect the health of population to make it qualitative for economic development.

Through 86^th amendment of the constitution of India.

The title of the table indicates the subject of the table. This title should be clear, brief and in suitable language.

The main reasons for promoting female education in India are: 

• It makes women become economically independent.
• It improves their social status.
• It provides general education and controls Birth Rate. 
• It prevents superstitious beliefs and promotes scientific thinking.

Elementary education takes a major share of total education expenditure in India.

The benefits of education are as follows:

1. The education helps in developing the knowledge or skill in individual.

2. Education helps in increasing more values and humanity among individuals.

3. It provides capacity and flexibility to the people and helps them to contribute in the economic development of the country.

1. Presenting data-items in an organized manner. 

2. Presenting data-items concisely and in a stable form and 

3. Rendering the problem more simple and clear.

A table is assigned a number for its identification. It should be marked at the very top of the table.

Unemployment is the main reason for rural-urban migration.

Women have always been neglected when it comes to education in India. The access to education has always been biased towards male population due to our social system which is patriarchal. The lack of education has caused exploitation of women and has resulted in a lower social status of women in India. There is an imminent need for promoting female education in India because of the following reasons:

1. Women education is essential for providing than economic independence and empowering them to save them from exploitation and domestic violence. 

2. Women education is essential in order to raise the social status of women so that the quality of life o f women can be improved.

3. Educating women help in promoting family welfare programmes and thus is population control. 

4. Educated women are aware of the importance of health care and thus take proper care of their family members contributing in human capital formation.

5. Education a woman means educating a family. An educated woman can inculcate moral values in her children and Can facilitate their education.

Economic development depends on quality, capacity and ability of the people.

The Deutsche Bank – a German Bank identified that India will emerge as one among four major growth centres in the world by the year 2020.

The main objective of National Policy of Education is to provide free and compulsory education to all children up to age of 14 years.

There is a positive relationship between human capital and economic growth. Human capital formation raises the process of economic growth which leads for growth of human capital formation.

If we want to increase economic growth then we must have to increase our human capital. Unhealthy or uneducated labour cannot add much value of economic growth. We must have to make people educate, about health and skills in order to accelerate our economic growth. It also contributes to information and more participation of people.

The elements of social infrastructure are:

• Education 
• Training
• Research
• Health
• Housing & other civil amenities.

Following are the four points of utility of diagrams: 

• Attractive and Effective : Pictures leave a lasting impression on one’s mind. Being attractive and effective, these quickly draw people’s attention towards them. 
• Economy of labour and time : Often, much labour and time is expended in understanding data-items and obtaining results from them. On the other hand, all qualities of data-items can be easily understood in less time and without any technical knowledge, with the help of diagrams. 
• Helpful in comparison : Various facts can be compared using diagrams. Pictorial comparison is more effective than numeric comparison. 
• Extensive use : Statistical diagrams are extensively used in all spheres of life.

In Two Types

The tables have been divided into three types.

It means to make people better by increasing their level of productivity and efficiency.

Education is an important source of human capital formation.

• Investment in education endows people with quality skills and knowledge which enhances their productivity.
• It make people more able to adopt new modem techniques which helps the economy to grow. It raises the income of living.
• It generates national development consciousness. Education meet cultural needs and develops human personality. Thus, investment in education increases economic growth.

The new education policy was announced in 1987-88.

Tables can be classified on the following basis :

• According to Objective : General-objective table has no specific objective. It is also called a reference table. Special objective table is prepared to fulfill a specific objective. Its size is smaller than that of an ordinary table. It is also called concise or analytical table. Mean, percentage, ratio, etc. are used in it. 
• According to Originality : Data items are presented in their original form in primary ‘ table. It is also called classification table. In a derived table, besides original data-items, items obtained from them like-sum, percentage, ratio, multiple, etc. values are also presented. 
• According to Construction : When data-items are presented on basis of only one property, it is called a simple table. 
• For example: distribution of population according to the age/gender/states, etc. To distribute population on the bases of age, gender and literacy together, the data items are presented using a triple property table. Tables can be single-property, dual property, triple property or multi-property.

The investment in education refers to spending of money by the parents on the education of their words or children.

Technical education makes significant contribution in raising efficiency and productivity by encouraging science and technology in the country.

The main problems of human capital formation in India are:

• The rise in the population 
• The formation of human capital is suffering due to lack of better quality.
• The brain drain – people migrate from one to place to other place for better jobs and salaries ex: Doctors
• There is problem of improper Manpower planning