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C₇T₁₂L₅S₍₅₎C₍₄₎ 

Cervical = 7, Thoracic = 12, Lumbar = 5, Sacral -5 (fused), Coccyx = 4 (fused)

Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by a bundle of collagen fibres known as tendon.

The cytoplasm of the muscle fibre is called the sarcoplasm.

We can see only 26 bones in vertebral column because five sacral vertebrae are fused to form one sacrum and four coccygeal vertebrae are fused to form one coccyx.

Movement of internal organs are essential for the animals because: 

(i) Food and urine are moved forward by the movements of the muscles present in the digestive and urinary tracts respectively. 

(ii) Movements of cardiac muscles enables the heart to receive and distribute the blood. 

(iii) Inspiration and expiration involves the movements of the diaphragm, ribs, etc. 

(iv) Movements of uterine wall enable the mother to give birth to a child.

Tibia in the leg is the strongest bone in man.

Myoglobin is a red-coloured respiratory pigment of the muscle fibre.

Red muscles fibres form the extensor muscle. They are rich in mitochondria and myoglobin, hence provide more energy for movement.

Myoglobin binds and stores oxygen as a oxymyoglobin in the red fibres.

The contraction of abductor muscles moves the whole limb away from the median axis of the body.

Cardiac muscles occur exclusively in the heart wall.

(i) Single unit smooth muscle. 

(ii) Multi unit smooth muscles.

The supinator muscle rotates the fore-arm to turn the palm upward or forward.

It is the branch of science which deals with the study of muscles.

Tiger is our national animal.

Camel has a hump.

John Locke has explained human nature positively. He assumed that man naturally has virtues like love, sympathy, compassion, co-operation and charity, etc.

An elephant has a long trunk.

Correct Answer is: (B) Algae 

Acetabularia is a genus of green algae in the family Polyphysaceae, Typically found in subtropical waters, Acetabularia is a single-celled organism, but gigantic in size and complex in form, making it an excellent model organism for studying cell biology.

Movement of organic solutes or photosynthates from one part of the plant to the other is called Translocation. Ascent of Sap: Upward movement of Sap from the base to the tip of the plant is called Ascent of Sap. 

Correct Answer is: (B) Bacteriophage 

• TMV has RNA as genetic material. The capsid of the TMV virus is made up of proteins. 

• Bacteriophage may have DNA or RNA as genetic material. 

Correct Answer is: (C) 46 + xy 

• The normal human karyotype contains 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes (allosomes). 

• Normal karyotype for females contain two X chromosomes and are denoted 46,XX 

• Males have both an X and a Y chromosome denoted 46, XY.

There are many reasons for taking credit A large number of transactions in our day to day activities involve credit in some form or the other.

Interest rate, collateral and documentation requirement and the mode of repayment together comprise what is called the terms of credit.

Importance of Consumer protection and Financial literacy : 

1. Ensure that financial markets are deep and serve the broad population. 

2. Provide access to financial services for low income households and

3. Ensure long-term stability in the financial system. 

4. Financial markets help to build consumer trust in financial institutions and ensure that financial institutions reach out to serve the needs of the population, including low income households that often lack access to basic financial services.

• Financial literacy material is available on the website of Reserve Bank of India. 
• In addition, for the benefit of word illiterate persons in rural and urban and remote areas, State Level Bankers Committee (SLBC), AP has prepared an audio CD on the benefits of saving with banks.

Financial Literacy: Financial Literacy is the process of equipping oneself with knowledge and information on financial matters. Taking interest in financial literacy helps one to have better financial planning, puts them in a better position to achieve their financial goals, and protect themselves from frauds and debt traps. It aims to inculcate savings habits, improve the understanding of financial products leading to effective use of financial services, and thus helps better money management. Further, financial literacy facilitates easy access to financial services. Financial literacy material is available on the website of the Reserve Bank of India (www.rbi.org.in).

The financial literacy material available now covers subjects such as features of genuine banknotes, know your Reserve Bank, how RBI touches the life of the common person, caution against emails/ SMS offering huge sums of money from abroad, caution against providing bank account details on the internet, information of loan products available from banks, why save with banks ?, grievance redressal mechanism, Banking Ombudsman Scheme, caution against depositing money in unincorporated bodies/ unlicensed entities, Deposit Insurance (Are my deposits safe in banks ?, What is Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation), etc.

Financial literacy information is available in brochures/pamphlets prepared by RBI and other banks. Further, RBI has developed comics on financial literacy subjects for the benefit of the school children. ‘Raju and the Money Tree’, ‘Money Kumar and Monitory Policy’ etc., are the names of the comics that can be downloaded from the RBI website mentioned above. In addition to the above, for the benefit of word illiterate persons in rural, urban and remote areas, the State Level Bankers Committee (SLBC), Andhra Pradesh has prepared an audio CD on the benefits of saving with banks.

Financial Literacy is an important adjunct for promoting financial inclusion, consumer protection, and ultimately financial stability. Financial inclusion and financial literacy need to go hand in hand to enable the common man to understand the need and benefits of the products and services offered by formal financial institutions. In India, the need for financial literacy is even greater considering the low levels of literacy and the large section of the population that are still out of the formal financial setup. Financial literacy has assumed greater importance in recent years as financial markets have become increasingly complex and the common man finds it very difficult to make informed decisions. Further, in view of a higher percentage of household savings in our country, financial literacy can play a significant role in the efficient allocation of household savings and the ability of individuals to meet their financial goals.

Aadhaar Enabled Payment System (AEPS):

• AEPS is a new payment service offered by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) to banks, financial institutions using the ‘Aadhaar’ number and online UIDAI authentication through their respective Business Correspondent service centers.
• The customer needs his / her bank account linked to their Aadhaar number with the bank offering the AEPS service.
• A customer can at present avail of the following four services using AEPS through the micro – ATMs at BCs :

(a) Cash Withdrawal

(b) Cash Deposit

(c) Balance Enquiry

(d) Fund transfer

• In the rural areas, the main demand for credit is for crop production.
• Crop production involves considerable costs on seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, water, electricity, repair of equipment, etc. 
• Farmers usually take crop loans at the beginning of the season and repay the loan after harvest. 
• There is usually 3 to 4 months gap between farmers buying inputs and selling the crop. 
• Repayment crucially depends on income from farming.

1. The RBI has now initiated processes of improving the financial access to people in rural areas.

2. They would encourage people in rural areas to open bank accounts, to save money ’ and also use loan facilities of the banks.

3. Recently, the government initiated providing unique identification number to every citizen of India.

4. Aadhaar card.

5. Now, there is no compulsion to keep a minimum amount. This is called ‘Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account’.

Evidence for Slavery -

• Slaves were openly sold in Market. 
• Different types of slaves.
• Female slaves in the service of Sultan.
• Slaves were used for different kind of domestic work.
• Female slaves were appointed to keep an eye on the nobles of the Sultan. 
• It was tradition to present slaves as a gift.

(a) Ibn Battuta's perspectives-

• Narrative style.
• Highlighted anything that was unfamiliar and different. 

(b) Bernier's Perspective - 

• He belonged to a different intellectual tradition. 
• He was concerned with comparing and contrasting things in India with Europe.
• He emphasized the superiority of Europe.
• He perceived differences hierarchically and shows India inferior to the western world.

All the family members help one another in times of sorrow and distress. The childish activities of children make the environment of a family happy. After growing up a little, the children help the elders in their chores and quickly complete such tasks which require a lot of energy and running.

Family is of two types-joint family and single or nuclear family.

Answer is: (b) Two

(d) all of these

While living in a family, a person learns the following qualities 

1. In a family, a child learns the qualities of affection, kindness, cooperation, tolerance, hard work, etc. 

2. Respecting the elders. 

3. Welcoming the guests. 

4. Living together with all others. 

5. Traditions and ethical values of the society, etc.

Answer is: (b) Neighbors

(d) giving affection and singing lullabies

Following are the three major reasons for segregation of joint families;

1. Search for better education and other facilities. 

2. Search for employment. 

3. Desire of achieving a better lifestyle, etc.

A family in which only the married couple and their children five is called single (nuclear) family.

Family name of the smallest unit of the society.

Society is a group of families. Many individuals reside in a society. Along with this, the neighbors and other institutions are also considered to be a part of the society. A society is the mirror of the people living in it. The traditions of the society are fixed and the individual living in the society has to follow those traditions and fulfill them. Every society has its respective norms. All the individuals and families of the society remain engaged in social welfare by mutual coordination.

While gaining school education, full cooperation of the principal, teachers and other employees of the school is required.

A) 1 – a, 2 – b, 3 – c, 4 – d

D) CaCO₃ , CaCO₃

D) double decomposition

All the family members live together and all perform their respective responsibilities. While living in the family, we help the members in their jobs. I help my mother in performing domestic chores and I help the male members of the family in farming and animal husbandry work.

If the only doctor in our village goes away for a long time, then problems will arise due to lack of treatment of health-related issues in the village and people would not be able to recover from illnesses.

In the construction of my home and the school building, help of the people associated with the :

following occupations have normally been taken:

1. Architect – To make the map of the building. 

2. Mason – To construct the building. 

3. Labour – To assist in building construction. 

4. Carpenter – To make windows and doors. 

5. Blacksmith – For works associated with iron. 

6. Electrician – For light fitting, etc. 

7. Plumber – For works associated with water.