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A virtual magnified image is the one which cannot be taken on a screen and whose size is larger than that of the object.

(b) 10 cm

The image is slightly smaller than the object when the object lies beyond 2f; and the image is slightly larger than the object when the object between f and 2f. This means that between 21 cm and 19 cm lies 2f. Out of the given options, 20 cm lies between 21 cm and 19 cm.

So, 2f = 20 cm.

f = 10 cm.

(a) Cones: Iodopsin:: rods: rhodopsin 

(b) Sound: ear drum:: dynamic balance: semi-circular canals

Chemotropic movement means movement in the direction of the chemicals. For example, growth of pollen tube towards the ovule during fertilisation.

Lightening conductor is a device which is used to protect a tall building from lightening. A metallic rod, taller than the building, is installed in the walls of the building during its construction.

C. Benjamin Franklin 

Benjamin Franklin is the scientist who showed that lightening is electric in nature. He discovered many things about lightening and was the first to show that a thunderstorm lets out electricity.

(a) Stimulus: Receptor:: Impulse: Effectors 

(b) Cerebrum: Diencephalon:: Cerebellum: Medulla oblongata 

(c) Receptor: Sensory nerve:: Motor nerve: Effector

In an organism cells cannot continuously create and transmit electrical impulses. Thus most multicellular organism use another means of communication between different cells, called the chemical communication. 

In this A chemical compound is released, which would diffuse all over around the original cells. Other, cell around will detect the compound using special molecules. They can recognize and transmit the information carried by it. These compounds are called hormones.

Thunderstorms develop in hot and humid areas like India. The rising temperature produces strong upward rising winds. These winds carry water droplets upwards where they freeze and fall again. This slow movement of the falling water droplets along with the rising air create lightning and sound. This is a thunderstorm.

Thunderstorms are dangerous and cause heavy destruction to life and property.

Benjamin Franklin is the scientist who showed that lightening is electric in nature. He discovered many things about lightening and was the first to show that a thunderstorm lets out electricity.

Lord Cornwallis

Lightening is the name given to the flash of light which occurs in the sky during the rainy season. The process of electric discharge between clouds and the earth or between different clouds causes lightning.

Trees are usually the tallest objects around and have many pointy tips. The electric field is strong near the pointed tips. The current from a lightening may leave the tree and jump over to the person standing near the tree. The current will then follow from the body of the person on its way to the ground.

C) within the focal length

The rich farmers

Convex lens having a 4 cm focal length. because  it will produce greatest magnification

Hypothalamus, found in the diencephalon part of the brain, maintains homeostasis by regulating the body temperature, blood pressure and heart rate. It is the master control of the autonomic system. It also regulates secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland, hunger, thirst, body weight, sleep etc.

Abscisic acid prevents wilting of leaves.

Other plant hormones:

Cytokinin which promotes cell division

Gibberellins which help in the growth of stem.

When growing plants detect light, a hormone called Auxin, synthesized at the shoot tip helps the cells to grow longer. When light is coming from one side of the plant, Auxin diffuses towards the shady side of the shoot. This concentration of Auxin stimulates the cells to grow longer on the side of the shoot which is away from light. Thus plant appears to bend towards light.

In the presence of light auxin is released or is synthesized at the tip of the shoot which helps the cells to grow. When the light comes from one side, auxin diffuse towards the shady part of the shoot. This concentration of auxin elongates the cells of the shady part of the shoot and hence it appears that the plant is bending towards the light.

(a) Phototropism.

(b) Geotropism.

(c) Chemotropism.

(d) Hydrotropism.

(e) Thigmotropism

Three endocrine glands with their function in human body are as follows: 

• Thyroid gland: It secretes a hormone called thyroxine which regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the body and so provide the best balance for nutrients and mental ability. 
• Adernal gland: It secretes two hormones—adrenalin and corticoid hormones regulate blood pressure, heartbeat, breathing rate and carbohydrate metabolism. 
• Pancreas: It secretes two hormones—insulin and glucagon. Insulin hormone lowers the blood glucose level. Glucagon hormone increases the blood glucose level.

The hormone that controls the basal metabolism is thyroxine. It’s source gland is the thyroid gland. Thyroxine also brings about balanced growth, improves oxygen uptake, increases heart rate, regulates body temperature etc.

When a tendril comes in contact with any support, the part of the tendril in contact with the object does not grow as rapidly as the part away of the tendril away from the object. This cause the tendril to circle around the object and thus, cling to it.

The hormone that controls the water balance in the body is anti-diuretic hormone (ADH). The hormone is synthesized by hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary. 

The hormone that controls the electrolyte balance in the body is Aldosterone. It acts to regulate sodium levels inside the body by increasing active reabsorption of sodium. It is synthesized by zona glomerulosa cells of adrenal cortex in adrenal gland. 

Both the hormones, ADH and Aldosterone increase reabsorption of water in kidney

When apical bud is removed, lateral branches are produced. Removal of apical bud effect the auxin is destroyed inducing the lateral buds to grow rapidly.

A) When the object is placed between the focal point and optic centre

Plant stems are positively phototropic while plant roots are negatively phototropic. Plant stems are negatively geotropic while plant roots are positively geotropic. Therefore, stem and root show unilateral growth towards light and gravity of earth respectively. The growth hormone like auxin, plays a major role in bringing such tropic movements. When a plant receives light, auxin in stem cause cell elongation and therefore stem grows upwards toward light. In the root, auxin build up in the cells of upper surface of root that induces re-orientation of the cell walls and the root grows downwards i.e., towards earth.

The first ever SEZ in India was set up at Kandla.

(a) Low rate of economic growth

Correct Answer is: (c) 28%

The policy has brought changes in the following aspects of industrial regulation.

• Industrial delicensing.
• De-reservation of the Industrial Sector.
• Public sector policy (dereservation and reform of PSEs).
• Abolition of MRTP Act.
• Foreign Investment policy and foreign technology policy.

Industrial delicensing policy:

• The most important objective of the new Industrial policy of 1991 was the end of the Industrial licensing or the license raj or red tapism.
• The Industrial licensing policies, private sector firms had to secure licenses to start an Industry.

Dereservation of the Industrial Sector:

• The public sector was given reservation especially in the capital goods and key industries.
• Industrial deregulation, most of the industrial sectors were opened to the private sector as well.
• The new industrial policy, only three sectors viz., atomic energy, mining and railways will continue as reserved for public sector.

Reforms related to the Public Sector enterprises:

• Reforms in the public sector were aimed at enhancing efficiency and competitiveness of the sector.
• The government identified strategic and priority areas for the public sector concentrate.

Abolition of MRTP Act:

• The New Industrial Policy of 1991 has abolished the Monopoly and Restrictive Trade Practices Act 1969.
• In 2010, the Competition Commission has emerged as the watchdog in monitoring competitive practices in the economy.

Foreign Investment Policy:

• Foreign investment including FDI and FPI were allowed.
• In 1991, the government announced a specified list of high-technology and highinvestment priority Industries.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) upto 51 percent foreign equity.
• Foreign Investment Promotion Board has been set up to negotiate with International firms and approve Foreign Direct Investment.

1. As globalization measures tend to integrate all economies of the world and bringing them all under one umbrella. 

2. They pave the way for redistribution of economic power at the world level. 

3. Well-developed countries are favoured in this process and the welfare of the lessdeveloped countries will be neglected.

4. Globalization refers to the integration of the domestic (Indian) economy with the rest of the world.

5. Import liberalization through reduction of tariff and non-tariff barriers, opening the doors to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) are some of the measures towards globalization.

Liberalization:

• Liberalization refers to removal of relaxation of governmental restrictions in all stages of industry.
• De-licensing, decontrol, deregulation, subsidies (incentives) and greater role for financial institutions are the various facets of liberalization.

Privatization:

• Privatization means transfer of ownership and management of enterprises from public sector to private sector.
• Denationalization, disinvestment and opening exclusive public sector enterprises to private sector are the gateways to privatization.

Globalization:

• Globalization refers to the integration of the domestic (Indian) economy with the rest of the world. Import liberalization through reduction of tariff and non-tariff barriers, opening the doors to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) are some of the measures towards globalization.

(i) A seeds remain viable or living only for a particular period. 

(ii) Viability may range from few weeks to over one hundred years. e.g., Trifolium and Oxalis. Lotus seeds have the maximum viability of about 1000 years. Seeds germinate only within the period of their viability

Seeds which require light for germination are known as photoblastic seeds.

Weak, pale, slender stems with small yellow leaves is termed as etiolation.

1. The rat is pointing a pistol at the cat and intimidating him. I understand that it is a funny picture. One can easily open one’s lips without knowing to smile on seeing this unusual picture.

2. The most popular comic Tom and Jerry’ is associated with them. ‘Tom and Jerry’ is a series of animated cartoon films. We find humour with the rivalry between a cat (Tom) and a mouse (Jerry), Tom’s chasing Jerry and slapstick scenes. “Tom’s making numerous attempts to capture Jerry which leads to destruction” – it creates fun. The scenes such as slicing Tom in half, shutting his head in a window or a door, stuffing Tom’s tail in a mangle, kicking him into a refrigerator, plugging his tail into an electric socket, sticking matches into his feet and lighting them, etc. amuse all the viewers.

(Or) Yes. I can recall an incident which happened a long time ago in my old house. We used to see many mice in our old house because we stored paddy bags in the house. One day our pet cat jumped on a little mouse which was eating the paddy grains. The little mouse began running. Our cat ran after it. The funny thing was that the mouse did not run away from the place. It began running around the paddy bags. After some time both the cat and the mouse stopped running as they were tired much. At that stage 1 interfered and drove the cat away to save the life of the rat.

3. Conversation between the rat and the cat: 

Rat : Hands up!

Cat : Don’t shoot me. I will not eat you. 

Rat : No, I don’t believe you. You are cruel. 

Cat : Believe me. I decided not to eat rats. 

Rat : I don’t believe you. You ran after me yesterday, didn’t you? 

Cat : Yes. But not to kill you. 

Rat : Then, why? 

Cat : I just wanted to tell that I would not kill you thereafter. 

Well, how did you get the pistol? 

Rat : I stole it from the owner of the house last night. 

Cat : Ok. Do you know how to shoot with it? 

Rat : I will not tell you. 

Cat : Ok. Bye. 

Rat : Bye.

(A) The Dutch

D) All the above.

(B) Panchayats

Answer is (D) 6

1/5 share of travelers in India use trains.

Answer is (C) 3/4th

1. Buses take us to small villages also. 

2. They are frequent in number. 

3. We can select a convenient time for the journey. 

4. They are offering many benefits for travellers.

5. This is the only source in the mountainous regions.

Answer is (C) 3/4 th

A) Power, courage, confidence, pride

Chanakya (or Kautilya) was a wise man who served Chandragupta Maurya.

Answer is (C) Sarnath

Answer is (A) Ashoka