Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

1. False

2. False

3. True

4. False

5. False

6. True

7. False

Edison was taken out of school because his teacher thought that he was naughty and stupid.

When Edison saw the bird flying, he thought, “Man can also fly if he eats worms.

Correct option is (i) road

She was causing confusion all around.

Edison served his country during the First World War by making forty war-time inventions. For this service he was awarded a medal.

Edison served his country during the First World War by making forty war-time inventions. For this service he was awarded a medal.

Edison did not serve his country during the First World War: False.

Edison served his country during the First World War. 18. Edison showed his talking machine to the President of the United States of America at the White House in Washington|: True.

Edison served his country during the World War II: False.

Edison made forty war-time inventions:True.

Edison made the world happier and brighter: True.

(b) an American.

(b) the teacher asked them to do so.

(a) his teacher was dissatisfied with him and wanted him to be withdrawn from school.

foo = [x for x in range(l, 11) if (x % 2) = = 0] print foo [2,4,6,8,10]

All Python files have extension “.py”.

The ABACUS is a mechanical device which has a wooden frame. An ABACUS consists of beads divided into two parts which are movable on the rods in two parts. The device was used for doing calculations like addition, multiplication, etc. Chinese have been using ABACUS for large calculations. This device is still used for calculations in countries like China, Japan and Russia.

Vacuum tubes have the following advantages :

1. Vacuum tubes were the only electronic components available during those days which made possible the invention of electronic digital computers.

2. These computers were the fastest calculating devices of that time. They could perform computations in milliseconds.

1.  Python’s built-in data type is dictionary, which defines one-to-one relationships between keys and values.

2.  Dictionary is indexed by keys.

3.  Dictionary is similar to association array or hash table of other languages.

4.  Dictionary consist of pairs’-of keys and their corresponding values.

Strings in Python are identified as a contiguous set of characters in between quotation marks. Python allows for either pairs of single or double quotes. Subsets of strings can be taken using the slice operator ( [ ] and [ : ] ) with indexes starting at 0 in the beginning of the string and working their way from -1 at the end.

Number data types store numeric values. They are immutable data types, which means that changing the value of a number data type results in a newly allocated object.

No, Python does allow for either pairs of single or double quotes.

The Lady Ada Lovelace was the daughter of the famous poet Byron. She is known as the ‘First Lady Computer Programmer’ in computer history. The concept of instructions given to Analytical Engine in the form of 0’s and l’s was given by her.

Charles Babbage was a British mathematician. In 1833, he designed a mechanical computer known as Analytical Engine. The machine had the ability to handle a large amount of data and process it at a high speed. Charles Babbage is known as the ‘Father of Computers’ because he introduced the idea of storing and reading the information before processing.

Lady Ada Lovelace was the first computer programmer.

Tabulating Machine Company.

Businesses. Computers help businesses to predict future sales, profits, costs, etc. making companies more accurate in their accounts. Businessmen make bar graphs and pie charts from numerical figures. Firms can store large amounts of data in less space. Many business application software like tally, ms-word, excel are useful in processing business transactions easily.

1. Buildings:

Architects use computer-animated graphics to give their clients a visual walk¬through of their proposed buildings. Computers provide architects many facilities to create different buildings with greater accuracy, better designing, and editing tools, and get the work ‘ done at the fastest speed possible.

2. Education:

Computers are used in classrooms to teach different subjects. It has been proved that learning with computers has been more successful and many forms of new teaching methods have been introduced. This enriches the knowledge of the student at a much faster speed. Likewise, Colleges and various Universities use computers as many educators prefer ‘learning by doing’ method – an approach uniquely suited to the computer.

3. Departmental stores:

Products from salt to grains are packed with zebra-striped bar codes that can be read by the computer scanners at supermarket checkout stands to determine prices. Thus, a detailed bill can be generated, which is useful for both the customer and the retail store.

4. Energy:

Energy companies use computers to locate oil, coal, natural gas and uranium. Electric companies use computers to monitor vast power networks. In addition, meter readers use handheld computers to record how much energy is used each month in homes and offices and generate bills.

5. Transportation:

Computers are used in cars to monitor fluid levels, temperatures, and electrical systems. Computers are also used in the air control traffic systems, where computers are used to control the flow of traffic between airplanes.

6. Banks:

Computers speed up record-keeping and allow banks to offer same-day services and even do-it-yourself banking over the phone and internet.

7. Agriculture:

Farmers use small computers to help with billing, crop information, and cost per acre, feed combinations, and market price checks apart from specific weather forecasts.

8. Entertainment:

Computers can be used to watch television programs on the Internet. People can also watch movies, listen to music and play games on the computer. Many computer games and other entertainment materials of different kinds are available on the Internet.

9. Home:

At home, the computer is used to maintain personal records and to access a lot of information on the Internet. People can also use the computer at home for making home budgets etc.

10. Medical:

Computers are used for maintaining patient history & other records. They are also used for patient monitoring and diagnosis of diseases etc.

Based on operating principles, computers can be classified into 3 types. They are,

1. Digital Computers

2. Analog computers 

3. Hybrid computers 

1. Digital computers:

They operate essentially by counting. All quantities are expressed as discrete digits or numbers. Digital computers are useful for evaluating arithmetic expressions and the manipulation of data. The majority of the computers used in the world today are digital.

2. Analog Computers: 

They operate by measuring rather than counting. The computer functions by establishing similarities between two quantities that are usually expressed as voltages or currents. Analog computers are powerful tools to solve differential equations.

3. Hybrid Computers:

Computers which combine features of both analog and digital type are called hybrid computers. Computers are also classified in terms of speed, accuracy, word length and storage capacity. Computers are also available in different sizes and with different capabilities. Broadly, they may be categorised as microcomputers, mini, mainframe, and supercomputers.

1. Micro Computers:

Computers using Microprocessors are called Microcomputers. This is the smallest general-purpose processing system usually designed for use by a single person at a time.

2. Mini Computers: 

These are medium-sized computers that are costlier and powerful than a microcomputer. An important distinction between a micro and a minicomputer is that a mini-computer is usually designed to serve multiple users simultaneously. This type of computers need less power and less cooling arrangements. Up to 8 users can use the system simultaneously, running their own individual programs.

3. Super Computers: 

The supercomputer is the largest, fastest and most expensive mainframe computer. It is normally used by large business organisations that require an extraordinary amount of computing power. Their computing speed is 10 times faster than any other type of computer. These computers are capable of executing more than 10,000 million instructions per second and have storage capacities of millions of bits per chip.

Normally, the supercomputer is used for solving or handling large scale numerical problems in scientific and engineering fields. These include applications in electronics, petroleum engineering, weather forecasting, structural analysis, chemistry, medicine, and physics.

The Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz invented the machine had addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division calculators whereas Pascaline had only an addition calculator.

All business firms do certain business tasks on a daily basis like generating customer bills, studying sales of various products at different locations, etc., using computers. There are many departments like sales, purchase, finance, etc., is big business firms. These departments are involved in different business tasks which are large in volume and huge storage space is required and computers are used in such places.

1. Marketing:

Marketing applications provide information about the products, their distribution, advertising and selling activities.

2. Stock Exchanges: 

The stock market uses a computerized system that makes it possible for stockbrokers and customers to do all their trading electronically. Brokers connect to stock exchanges using the internet and do the buying and selling of shares online. Money transfer is done electronically.

3. Banks:

Computerized banking saves time for the customer. Cheques are read by MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Reader, a device used to allow the data on cheques to be read by machines). Banks use computers to maintain their customer’s accounts and their transaction details. Customers can also use internet banking to transfer money. Money can be withdrawn from any ATM’s any time.

4. Departmental Stores: 

At departmental stores, cashiers enter sales data by waving a bar code scanner. Bar codes are read by bar code readers that translate the bar code symbols into digital forms. The price of a particular item is set with the store’s computer and appears on the computer and billing is done automatically. The report of purchases, sales and stock are generated using computers. Security cameras are used and continuous recording using DVR is widely used in departmental stores and other locations to monitor home or business operations to ensures security and safety.

5. E-Commerce:

E-commerce (electronic commerce) is the buying, selling, and exchanging of products, services, and information via computer network/internet. It promotes online buying and selling of goods and services. A buyer can buy products using a computer connected to the internet sitting anywhere in the world at any time of the day.

Micro Computers:

Computers using Microprocessors are called Micro Computers. This is the smallest general-purpose processing system. These computers are designed for use by a single person at a time.

• They brought revolution in the history of computers.
• They are also known as Personal Computers.
• They are cheap and user-friendly.
• The main components are Monitor, CPU, Keyboard, Mouse, Speakers, Modem and Printer. 
• They are used as desktops either in offices or even homes.
• Their operation can be easily learned by anyone having some basic logical aptitude.
• Children enjoy playing games & watching movies on these computers. 
• The most popular micro computer’s processing chip manufacturing

Mini Computers:

These are medium-sized computers that are costlier but powerful than a microcomputer. A mini-computer is usually designed to serve more than one user simultaneously. These computers need less power and less cooling arrangement. Up to 8 users can use the system simultaneously, all of them running their own programs.

• They have less memory & storage capacity than mainframe computers.
• Only a limited range of softwares can be used by them.
• The end users can directly operate on them.
• They are used for data processing company is Intel.

Super Computers: 

The supercomputer is the largest, fastest and most expensive mainframe computer. Their computing speed is 10 times faster than any other type of computer. These computers are capable of executing more than 10,000 million instructions per second and have storage capacities of millions of bits per chip.

• They are huge computers installed in space centres, nuclear power stations, etc.
• They are used for performing complex mathematical calculations.
• Only scientists and mathematicians can operate them.
• They are having huge memories & tremendous processing speed.
• They are used in the fields of electronics, petroleum engineering, weather forecasting, structural analysis, chemistry, medicine, and physics.

• Office paperwork is reduced by using computers.
• Many businesses use websites to sell their products and contact their customers.
• Computerized banking saves time and is convenient for the customer.

All business firms do certain business tasks on a daily basis like generating customer bills, studying sales of various products at different locations, etc., using computers. There are many departments like sales, purchase, finance, etc., is big business firms. These departments are involved in different business tasks which are large in volume and huge storage space is required and computers are used in such places.

1. Marketing:

Marketing applications provide information about the products, their distribution, advertising and selling activities.

2. Stock Exchanges:

The stock market uses a computerized system that makes it possible for stockbrokers and customers to do all their trading electronically. Brokers connect to stock exchanges using the internet and do the buying and selling of shares online. Money transfer is done electronically.

3. Banks:

Computerized banking saves time for the customer. Cheques are read by MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Reader, a device used to allow the data on cheques to be read by machines). Banks use computers to maintain their customer’s accounts and their transaction details. Customers can also use internet banking to transfer money. Money can be withdrawn from any ATM’s any time.

4. Departmental Stores:

At departmental stores, cashiers enter sales data by waving a bar code scanner. Bar codes are read by bar code readers that translate the bar code symbols into digital forms. The price of a particular item is set with the store’s computer and appears on the computer and billing is done automatically. The report of purchases, sales and stock are generated using computers. Security cameras are used and continuous recording using DVR is widely used in departmental stores and other locations to monitor home or business operations to ensures security and safety.

5. E-Commerce:

E-commerce (electronic commerce) is the buying, selling, and exchanging of products, services, and information via computer network/internet. It promotes online buying and selling of goods and services. A buyer can buy products using a computer connected to the internet sitting anywhere in the world at any time of the day.

• The microprocessor was introduced in the fourth generation computers,
• They could be linked together to form networks.

Pico seconds is the processing speed of fourth generation computers.

1. Abacus: 

The abacus was an early tool for mathematical computations. A skilled abacus user can work on addition and subtraction problems at the speed of a calculator. The abacus is still in use today.

2. Napier Bones:

John Napier invented logarithms, where the logarithm values were carved on ivory sticks which are now called Napier’s Bones.

3. Slide Rule:

Napier bones were modified by Edmund Guntur in the year 1620. It consists of a ruler and a sliding piece both marked with logarithmic values. It was further modified by William Oughtred.

4. Pascal’s calculating machine: 

The first successful mechanical calculator was constructed by Pascal in 1642.

5. Leibnitz’s Machine: 

It is the modified form of Pascal’s machine.

6. Charles Babbage’s Machine:

In 1833, Charles Babbage invented Charles Babbage Machine. He is known as the “Father of Computers”. 

7. Census Machine: 

This machine was devised by Dr. Hermann Hollerith for tabulating the 1980 US. Census.

8. Jacquard Loom: 

A weaving machine invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard in the beginning of the 19th century.

• A flight simulation can be used to train pilots and how to deal with critical situations.
• Computer-based weather forecasting collects accurate data from many devices all around the world to predict more reliable weather forecasts.

1. Speed:

Computers are fast in doing calculations. The speed of the computer is measured in terms of No. of million instructions per second (MIPS).

2. Storage Capacity:

Computers come with a very large amount of memory space. They can hold a lot of data. Computers can extract a particular piece of information from a large amount of available data within a very short time.

3. Diligence:

After doing work for some time, humans become tired but computers do not become tired. They work continuously. In fact, Computers which control telephone exchanges, are never shut down. This is called diligence.

4. Accuracy: 

The results that the computers produce are accurately provided that the input data and programs are reliable.

IBM 70, Honeywell 400

The main electronic component of second-generation computer systems was a transistor.

Common Business Oriented Language and Formula Translation.

Nanoseconds are the processing speed of third-generation computers.

The processing speed of Second-generation computers was in microseconds.

The wearable computing devices are body-worn computers such as wrist-attached devices that compute distance and heart rate etc.,

• Computers can perform complex and repetitive calculations rapidly and accurately.
• Computers can store large amounts of data and information for subsequent manipulations.

The important units of CPU are ALU, Control unit, Registers/Memory unit.

Input units, CPU and output units are the essential components of a computer.

The main characteristics of a computer are speed, storage capacity, accuracy, and diligence.