Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

(iii) SF₄ is not tetrahedral in shape.

Oxygen always forms the double bond because in methionine, there are two types of oxygen atoms. One is bonded to two different atoms (a carbon and a hydrogen), the other forms two bonds to a single carbon atom.

(d) CO³⁺ and Cu²⁺

Both have positive electrode potential whereas others have different value

Dialysis:- Graham found the crystalline substances like NaCl when dissorded in water can pass through parchment paper or other membranes moval of parchment while colloidal substance like gelatin cannot do so.

"The process of separating a crystalloid form a colloid by filtration or diffusion through a membrane is called Dialysis.

It is due to the fact that pores of membrane are very small and can only allow the dissolved molecules or ions of the true solution to pass through, but not the bigger sized colloidal particles.

The apparatus employed to effect such a separation is known as Dialyser.

(1) Nd²⁺ [Xe] 4f⁴

(2) Nd³⁺ [Xe] 4f³

(3) Nd⁴⁺ [Xe] 4f²

(a) CO³⁺ 

Reason: It has positive reduction potential whereas others have negative reduction potential.

(d) Cu²⁺ 

Reason: It has positive reduction potential whereas others have negative reduction potential.

The Correct option is B. Ne

(a) Ac 

Reason: Except Actinium all the remaining elements are synthetically prepared.

(1) La³⁺ = [Xe] 

(2) Gd³⁺ = [Xe] 4f⁷

(3) Eu³⁺ = [Xe] 4f⁶

(4) Ce³⁺ = |Xe] 4f¹

Expected electronic configuration : 

(a) Nd = [Xe] 4f³ 5d¹ 6s²

(b) Tm= [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹ 6s²

Inert pair effect:- The pairs of two electrons does not participated in a chemical reaction of heavy out side S subnucleric non metal. In other words this pair electron is a natural. This effect is called inert pair effect.

It is due to presence of unpaired electron it undergoes d-d transition by absorbing light from visible region and radiate complimentary colour.

It is due to strong metallic bonding and multiple bonding due to presence of unpaired electrons in d-orbital because of which they have high lattice energy and consequently high enthalpy of atomization.

(a) Ce 

Reason: 

Ce belongs to lanthanoids whereas others are actinoids

Correct answer is (D) 7

Effective atomic number (EAN):- The difference between atomic number of metal and oxidation number plus 2x co-ordination number is called effective atomic number. Effective atomic number = At. No. - O.N +2 + C.N. According to sidwick in case it happens when the co-ordination complex is expected to quite stable. In some cases EAN coincides with the atomic number of the nearest noble gas element K₃[Fe(CN)₆], oxidation state = +3, Atomic number = 26, Co-ordination number = 6. EAN = (26 - 3) + (2 x 6) = 35.

Buna-S → 1, 3-Butadyne (Styrine)

The energy that arises due to motion of atoms or molecules in a body is called thermal energy. Thermal energy increases with increase in the temperature.

Aqueous tension:

i. When the liquid water is placed into a container and air above is pumped away and the container is sealed, then the liquid water evaporates and only water vapour remains in the above space. After sealing, the vapour pressure increases initially, then slows down as some water molecules condense back to form liquid water. After a few minutes, the vapour pressure reaches a maximum value, which is called the saturated vapour pressure. The pressure exerted by saturated water vapour is called aqueous tension (P_aq).

ii. Aqueous tension increases with increase in temperature.

Pressure exerted by saturated water vapour is known as aqueous tension.

Elastic collision is a collision in which there is no net loss energy rather there is transfer of energy.

It states that the rate of diffusion of gases is inversely proportional to square root of molecular masses at constant temperature and pressure.

Ideal Gas Equation:

According to Boyle's law,

At constant T and n,

V \(\propto\) \(\frac{1}{P}\)  .................(i)

According to Charle's law,

At constant P and n,

V \(\propto\) T  ................(ii)

According to Avogadro law,

At constant P and T,

V \(\propto\) n ................(iii)

\(\therefore\) From equation (i), (ii) and (iii),

V a\(\frac{nT}{P}\)  .................(iv)

Or V = R\(\frac{nT}{P}\) .................(v)

where R = Proportionality constant (Gas constant)

Or PV = nRT  ..............(vi)

The equation (vi) is called ideal gas equation. 

Utility of the Gas Equation: With the help of ideal gas equation, we can use the relationship between the amount of gases (in moles and their volumes (in liters) to calculate the stoichiometry of reactions involving gases, if the pressure and temperature are known. Many reactions that are carried out in the laboratory involve the formation or reaction of gas.

Given V = 135 mL = 0.135 L

T = 25 +273 = 298 K

P_Total = 0.993 bar

P_H2O = 0.0317 bar

M =?

m = 0.160 g

P_gas = P_Total - P_H2O

= 0.993 - 0.0317 = 0.9613 bar

According to ideal gas equation,

PV = nRT

PV = \(\frac{m}{M}\)RT

\(\therefore\) M = \(\frac{mRT}{PV}\)

= \(\frac{0.160\,g\times0.083\,bar\,mol^{-1}K^{-1}\times298\,K}{0.9613\,bar\times0.135\,L}\)

= 30.49 g mol^-1

The vapour pressure of a pure liquid depends on temperature and mole fraction

The spheres would start moving faster randomly and colliding with each other.

The force exerted by the gas per unit area on the walls of the container is equal to its pressure.

S.I. unit of pressure is Pascal (Pa)

1 Pa = 1 Nm^-2 = 1 kg m^-1 s^-2.

Margot was waiting for the reappearance of the Sun. She believed in the prediction of reappearance of Sun on the 7th year. William hadn’t seen the Sun after (i.e.) for seven whole years. So, he called the possible reappearance of Sun as a joke.

Margot liked Sun the most.

Informal chats in a space walk is fictional. Every action during a space walk is premeditated in order to avoid unnecessary ambling and minimize the use of oxygen.

The possibility of the Hubble telescope and a destroyed Russian satellite colliding in the space is fictional because of the following reasons:

The Hubble telescope orbits at an altitude of 500 kilometres above the earth. The film claims that the Russian satellite is also in orbit at the same height. It is wrong because this type of communication satellites which are called TDRSS (Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System) stay in the geosynchronous orbit which is much higher (i.e.) almost 35000 km above the earth. The film showing the Hubble Telescope, ISS and Tiangong-1 located close to each other is fictional. In fact, these three man-made structures are not only at different heights but also lie in different orbits around the earth.

The scene in which Dr. Stone’s tears trickle down heT cheeks and then floats is fictional as it doesn’t happen that way in space.

Children get ready to have a glimpse of Sun in the planet Venus after a passage of seven years.

Margot had joined the children recently. She had spent her first five years in Ohio. She was sent to Venus by her parents. She remembered the appearance of Sun vividly. Other children had seen it only when they were 2 years old. Her knowledge of Sun made her different.

It was raining continuously for seven years without Sunlight. Trees grew and perished in the planet.

It is true that space debris can indeed cause uncontrolled collisions between objects present in lower earth orbit (LEO); the orbit that encloses every orbit below 2000 km, Kessler syndrome, excess of “trash” in the space orbit could cause problems. The world communication can be blacked out.

It is also true that space station can fall out of orbit. ISS has to be boosted to make sure that it maintains the orbit. The process doesn’t take place suddenly. It takes a few years, it is true that the earth’s atmosphere is relative to Earth’s size. In the film, the fantastic shots of earth enveloped a thin translucent layer of atmosphere which was truly mesmerising. The best thing is that they have correctly depicted the atmosphere’s thinness relative to the earth’s size without exaggeration.

(i) Graham Greene (Graham Greene was an English novelist; the others are Indian writers)

(ii) Theme (the others are aspects of the setting)

(iii) Novella (‘Novella’ is a ‘novel’; the others are the elements of a novel)

1. d. She was doing her work absentmindedly.

2. b. Courage was the quality that was required by Maddie.

3. b. 'She' refers to Maddie.

4. c. The word 'Courage' in the passage means the same as 'nerve'.

5. a. She wished to write a note to Peggy.

1. (i) The lady pretended to be the owner of the house, and made him open the safe without gloves, leaving his fingerprints.

2. (ii) Yes, it does as Horace opened the safe in trust. He trusted the lady blindly and he should have been more careful while robbing.

3. (iii) The lady of the house was sixty.

4. (iv) The full name of Horace is Horace Danby.

5. (i) The name of the story is ’A Question of Trust’.

Context : Lucy is the lovely creation of the poet’s imagination. She is the child of nature, sweet, innocent and heavenly. Nature has taken up the responsibility of bringing her up and to make her a lady according to her own plan. She will be free and disciplined. She will learn many traits from nature. 

Explanation: In this stanza the poet describes how Lucy will grow in the lap of nature. Nature wants to see everybody happy and gay. So Lucy also will be full of feelings of. joy which will give her life and a good shape of body. Lucy will grow into a young, beautiful and pure lady. She will be very attractive. Lucy will pass her life in the company of nature on hills as well as in valleys.

Context: Lucy is a lovely creation of the poet’s imagination. She is the child of nature, sweet, innocent and heavenly. Nature has brought her up. She has made her a beautiful, attractive and young lady. 

Explanation: This is the last stanza of this poem. Nature’s work of educating Lucy was over. Nature brought her up into a beautiful maid but she died very soon. She deserted poet’s life because she was the only source of inspiration for him. She has left her memory only in the poet’s heart and she will never return. 

Context: Lucy is a lovely creation of the poet’s imagination. She is the child of nature, sweet, innocent and heavenly. Nature has taken up the responsibility of bringing her up and to make her a lady according to her own plan. She will be free and disciplined. She will learn many traits from nature. 

Explanation : In this stanza the poet describes how nature will impart education to Lucy. Lucy will be affected by natural atmosphere in which she will be brought up. She will be filled with love for nature when she will enjoy the stars in the sky at midnight. She will learn power and activeness from storm. When she will watch the rivers and brooks dancing with joy, she will be so much moved that her face will become charming. Thus she will get physical beauty also.

Mercy, pity, peace and love are man’s noblest qualities. Man prays to them and seeks their blessings in times of distress. Then, these qualities give him comfort, help him come out of misfortunes, and make him happy in true sense. Therefore, the poet calls them the virtues of delight.

दया, करुणा, शान्ति और प्रेम मनुष्य के सर्वश्रेष्ठ गुण हैं। मनुष्य कष्ट के समय में उनसे प्रार्थना करता है और उनके आशीर्वाद की कामना करता है। तब ये गुण उसे राहत देते हैं, उसे कष्टों से बाहर आने में सहायता करते हैं और उसे सही अर्थों में सुखी बनाते हैं। इसलिये कवि उन्हें सुखदायक गुण कहकर पुकारता है।

The poem ‘The Divine Image’ is one of William Blake’s rhetorical songs. In this poem, he equates the virtues of mercy, pity, peace and love with God as well as with man asserting a certain identity between the two. The poet calls these the virtues of delight and so they are the object of human prayer in distress and piety in human form. God dwells in men in whom dwell those virtues. The poet propagates the idea that since man is created in the image of God, he embodies God in his best qualities. Thus, the poem adopts a didactic tone.

कविता “The Divine Image’ विलियम लोक की अलंकारिक गीतों  में से एक है। इस कविता में उन्होंने दया, करुणा, शान्ति और प्रेम के गुणों की भगवान और मनुष्य से समानता दोनों में एक प्रकार की समरूपता पर जोर देते हुये की है। कवि इन्हें सुखदायक गुण कहता है और इसीलिये ये कष्ट में मनुष्य की प्रार्थना और मानवे रूप में पवित्रता के पात्र हैं। भगवान उन मनुष्यों में वास करते हैं जिनमें ये गुण वास करते है। कवि यह विचार दे रहा है कि क्योंकि मनुष्य को भगवान के रूप में ही बनाया गया, मनुष्य अपने सर्वश्रेष्ठ गुणों में भगवान का साकार रूप है। इस प्रकार कविता शिक्षात्मक सुर लिये हुये है।

Mercy, pity, peace and love are the virtues of delight. They bring a positive effect in our life and help us come out of misfortunes.

दया, करुणा, शान्ति और प्रेम प्रसन्नतादायक गुण हैं। ये हमारे जीवन में सकारात्मक प्रभाव लाते हैं और हमें परेशानियों से उबरने में सहायता करते हैं।

Human dress makes the body look elegant and attractive. In the same way, peace makes one look elegant, attractive and civilized.

मनुष्य की पोशाक शरीर को शालीन व आकर्षक दिखाती है। इसी प्रकार, शान्ति (शान्त स्वभाव) से व्यक्ति शालीन, आकर्षक व सभ्य दिखता है।

Human dress makes the body look elegant and attractive. In the same way, peace makes one look elegant, attractive and civilized.

मनुष्य की पोशाक शरीर को शालीन व आकर्षक दिखाती है। इसी प्रकार, शान्ति (शान्त स्वभाव) से व्यक्ति शालीन, आकर्षक व सभ्य दिखता है।

Correct answer is (ii) Hatred

1. confirmation 

2. knowledge 

3. nearness 

4. movement