Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

(A) Meaning and Definition : Social responsibility is an obligation of the business organisation to take those decisions and perform those actions which are desirable to fulfil the objectives and add values to our society. The business organisations are expected to perform all the activities of their business in such a manner that such activities will not cause any harm to any part of the society.

In other words, the business enterprises should undertake such activities which will protect and contribute to the interest of society and fulfil their expectations. According to Howard D. Bowen “Social Responsibility is to pursue those policies to make those decisions, or to follow those lines of action which are desirable in terms of the objectives and values of our society.” In brief, social responsibility comprises of an element of voluntary action taken by the business people for the benefit of the society.

(B) Need for social responsibility:

(1) Concept of Trusteeship : Trusteeship is a socio-economic philosophy that was advocated by Mahatma Gandhi. According to it, rich (wealthy) people would be trustees of the trusts that take care of the welfare of the people in general. Businessmen are treated as trustees of society.

(2) Changing expectations of society : Over the years, society’s expectations from the business organisation have undergone severe change. In earlier days, business firms were recognised as the providers of goods and services. However in recent years society expects that every business organisation as a responsible citizen should contribute towards social welfare of the people in the society.

(3) Reputation : Business organisations spend large amount of money in brand building and in creating and strengthening their favourable image. The business organisations which care for every organ of the society and contribute to social wellbeing enjoy a good reputation in the society. Such organisations always get good support from the public which in turn increases sales, profitability, attraction of talent and sustained growth.

(4) Protection of environment : It is the social responsibility of the business organisations to make proper and careful use of country’s natural resources. They should not cause environmental pollution (degradation) like contamination pollution of water resources, depletion of ozone layer, etc. Such type of pollutions result in poor health of the community and put a question mark on the survival of human species/race.

(5) Optimum utilisation of resources : Usually, large business organisations have huge amount of resources such as manpower, talent, finance and expert at their disposal to use. It is the social responsibility of business organisations to make optimum use of available resources to protect society’s interests. The organisation should always avoid wastage of resources.

(6) Pressure of trade union : The workers have now become more conscious of their rights and privileges. In recent years, trade unions play significant role in business environment.

The workers have realised that their efforts contribute to the profits of the business organisation and expect management to pay them fair wages, bonus, etc. to minimise or avoid conflicts between trade unions and management. The business organisations should understand the responsibility towards employees to avoid conflicts and act accordingly.

(7) Growth of consumer movement : Advancement and growth in education, development of mass media and growing competition in the market create awareness among the consumers about their rights and powers. Hence, business organisation are required to follow consumer-oriented policies.

(8) Government control : From the side of business organisation, government rules and regulations are not desirable. This is because government put certain restrictions and limit the freedom of business organisations. In order to put moral and legal pressure on business, the government has enacted several laws such as Consumer Protection Act, 1986, Air Pollution Act, Food Adulteration Act, etc.

(9) Long term self interest : A business organisation and its image stand to earn handsome profit in the long run if its motive is providing services to the society. When the workers, consumers, shareholders, government officials and members of the public feel that a business organisation is indifferent to the social interests, they may withdraw their support to end cooperation. Therefore, it is in the long-term interest of the business organisation to be socially useful and fulfil its social responsibility.

(10) Complexities of social problems : Many a time some business organisations themselves create social problems such as discrimination in treatment, unsafe workplaces, different types of pollutions, etc. It is the moral and social obligation of the business organisation to solve these social problems.

(11) Globalisation : In globalisation, business activities are conducted throughout the world. In recent years, the entire globe (world) has becomes the market place for buying and selling goods and services produced in any part of the world. Globalisation creates and provides more opportunities, threats and challenges to the business organisations. Those countries in the world which have followed good and fair trade practices capture and influence the entire world trade.

(12) Role of media : By using internet, it is easier to approach the common people. Media is dynamic and active which can influence large number of people in the society. Media is useful to raise voice against malpractice and exploitation of the consumers. Media plays important and active role in public life. Thus, Business organisation should not neglect the social values.

Correct answer  is 2.4

Correct answer is 0.05

1. (ii) Ausable confused Max by framing a story about a balcony under his window. He told Max that it was being used by people for entering his room secretly.

2. (i) Ausable thought the plan when when he encountered Max in his room. He showed a li4le surprise but he wasn’t scared.

3. (iv) There was no balcony in real. Max was fooled.

4. (iii) Ausable said , it was the second time somebody entered his room through the balcony.

5. (ii) usual

When oil is spread on water, the eggs and larvae of mosquitoes growing there would have been killed.

Aarti’s hemoglobin increased by 2.5 gm/dl i.e. around 30% in about three months.

At times he used to suffer fever with chills and rigors. He also became weak. 

Newspaper report tells that anaemia is affecting both physical as well as mental health of the children suffering from it. Due to anaemia, children do not grow well, and their energy levels are low. This also affects their ability to study properly

Besides algae, small fishes, frogs, larvae, floating insects and mosquitoes are also seen.

Malaria is more common during the rainy season. This is because water logged and damp places provides suitable breeding environment for the mosquitoes.

Yes. Last year I had got a blood test done. It was because doctors feared that I might suffering from anaemia.

Minimum hemoglobin requirement is 12gm/dl.

After independence, India adopted representative democracy, based on the parliamentary form of government. The Constitution of India granted fundamental rights and extended the right to vote to every citizen.

In the poster it has been warned to remain alert about the mosquitoes because they can spread malaria, dengue and chickengunia. Some precautionary measures are also advised to keep off mosquitoes.

Because these are the stuff where breeding of mosquitoes can takes place if there are water logged or are not cleaned up regularly

We saw it near drain, hand pump, on damp walls etc.

India got partition along with independence.

The government would have been putting up such posters and giving information in the newspaper.

The second challenge was to establish democracy.

India had three major challenges after the independence.

On 3 June 1947, Lord Mountbatten, the British Governor General, announced the Division of India. According to this announcement the change of authority which was to take place in June 1948, would be done in August 1947.

Nation building is the process by which the loyalties and responsibilities that people feel for the irrace or tribe, their village and their political process are transferred towards the political process of the Indian Nation.

The first challenge was to shape a nation that was united, yet accommodative of the diversity in our society.

During the British rule, the internal boundaries were made for the sake of administrative convenience But after independence, the determination of State boundaries became a big problem. The Government wanted to form new States on a linguistic basis and thus redraw their boundaries. In 1920, Nagpur Congress itself approved this idea. But the leaders felt that after independence the division into States on a linguistic basis might adversely affect the unity of the country. So, the Central Government decided to postpone the formation of the States.

Reasons:

• The redrawing of the State boundaries would bring into focus the social and economic problems. 
• The future of the Principalities was not yet determined. 
• The bitter memories of the partition of India were still fresh in the minds of people.

In spite of all these, the local leaders and people wanted the formation of States faster. The first protest came from areas where Telugu was spoken. Because of the indecision on the part of the Central Government, the Movement for a State became very strong. Potti Sriramulu, a Gandhian, died after 56 days of fasting. His death caused a number of violent protests in the Telugu speaking areas. Thus in 1952, permission was granted for the formation of the State of Andhra Pradesh.

The formation of Andhra Pradesh on a linguistic basis caused other States also to be formed on the same basis. In 1953, a Commission was appointed to suggest the basis for the formation of States. The Commission recommended the formation of States on a linguistic basis. On the basis of the report of the Commission, a Law was enacted and various States were formed in 1956. There were also 6 Centrally Administered Regions or Union Territories.

(B) Democracy

During the British rule India was divided into British Provinces and princely states. The former were under direct British rule. The Princely States were ruled by local kings. Even when the British authority was accepted by the local kings, they had the freedom to run the internal affairs of their principalities. One third of British India consisted of such Princely States. That means one out four Indians lived in a Princely State.

As per the declaration made by the British, their authority over the Princely States also would end with the granting of freedom to India. Therefore legally each Principality was also free. There were 565 Princely States in India.The Principalities were not ruled democratically. Indian Freedom aimed at unity, progress and democracy. But the condition of India was pitiable at the time of independence.

The British had told the local rulers of Principalities that they could either join India or Pakistan or remain independent, if they so wished. Thus the king’s had the power to decide what to do. This created a lot of headache during the time of integration. It grew into a situation where the unity of India was threatened.

When India was granted freedom, the King of Travan core and the Nizam of Hyderabad wanted to remain independent. Rulers like the Nawab of Bhopal were also not keen on joining the Constituent Assembly. That means there was a possibility of India being further subdivided into small kingdoms. There was no possibility of democracy in such small Principalities. But the Administration of Independent India was determined not to allow any further division of the country. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was the Dy. Prime Minister and the Home Minister. Through clever diplomacy, he was able to integrate most of the Principalities into the Indian Union.

Three things influenced the administration for such integration.

• The people of most principalities wanted to join the Indian Union.
• The government was willing to give self government in some places.
• The greatest importance was given to the unity and perfectibility of the country.

Every before independence, the leaders moved with caution. Many Principalities automatically agreed to the Indian Union. The rulers signed the document called ‘Instrument of Accession’. But the integration of 4 places -Junagarh, Hyderabad, Kashmir and Manipur – proved difficult.

Through a plebiscite, it was found out that the people of Junagarh wanted to join the Indian Union. So it was integrated. Hyderabad was the biggest Principality. It was surrounded by centrally administered areas. The ruler of Hyderabad was ‘ known as Nizam. He wanted to remain independent. But the Communists, the Telangana farmers, . member of the Hyderabad Congress, and most women reacted against the plan of the Nizam. The women were generally repressed in Hyderabad.

The city of Hyderabad became the centre of protest against Nizam. Using his army, the Nizam tried to resist opposition. Many non Muslims were looted and killed. Soon the Central Government sent its army and the Nizam surrendered. Hyderabad became part of India.

Junagarh and Hyderabad became part of India because of the wishes of the peoples But things were different in Manipur. The government had assured King Bodha Chandra Singh that he would be given autonomy after independence. In June 1948, an election was conducted in Manipur. Following that, Manipur became a constitutional monarchy.

It was in Manipur that adult franchise was exercised for the first time in India. In the Manipur Assembly, there were different views about Manipur joining the Indian Union. Following the pressure from the Union Government, the King was forced to sign the Instrument of Accession. It was done with the approval of the Assembly. In short, one can say that the integration of the Principalities was actually a spread of democracy into, those places.

The deer is a wild animal. It is used to a life in the forest. When the fawn reached Jody’s home, it did not follow Jody up the steps because of the strangeness of the house and the steps and everything. This is similar to its reaction to the milk in the gourd. It simply did not know what to do.

The burning sparks that fly like chaff from a threshing floor’

Correct option is (b) Business are always explained in terms of profit

It is because that auxin migrates from bright side of the tip to the darken side of the tip.

Ethephon hastens fruit ripening in apples and tomatoes.

Patrick had no interest in studies. He hated doing homework. He was lucky enough to get a helper, an elf. He had saved the elf from his cat and the elf in turn promised to do all his homework in 35 days. But the elf pretended to be blank in English, Maths and Human History. He sought Patrick’s help. Patrick brought books from the library and worked hard to solve all sums. He got good marks. Actually, it was Patrick himself who did all his homework.

In the end, Patrick became a model boy. He cleaned his room, did all his daily chores, became cheerful and polite.

1. Jody stopped as his arms had begun to ache after carrying the fawn under his arms for a long distance.

2. The clearness of the sky is compared with the clearness of spring water in a blue china cup.

3. The clearing was fresh and green because the rain that had fallen the whole night had cleared away dirt from it.

4. The sentence shows happiness of both of Jody and the fawn that he had carried home with him.

blow, heavy sledge, beat, flaming forge burning sparks Knowing the narrator couldn’t move forward, he put the oar in the water as though trying to prevent the raft from moving trying to anchor it in place.

To a sexton ringing the village bell.

Correct option is (c) First Level.

1. The burning sparks that fly like chaff from a threshing floor. 

2. He goes to church and sits among his sons listening to the parson’s prayer. 

3. He is reminded of his wife. 

4. To a sexton ringing his village bell.

1. Buzzards are large birds like vultures that eat the flesh of dead animals.

2. Jody wanted to reach the fawn near the carcass, but the carcass was surrounded by buzzards. Jody threw a small branch of a
tree at them and they flew to the adjacent tree.

3. Carrion birds are carnivorous birds that feed on flesh.

4. The ‘business’ referred to here is ‘picking and eating flesh from the carcass.

Correct option is (d) Trainee-level managers.

Correct option is (a) Reviewing daily and weekly production or sales reports.

The blacksmith’s wife might have died. It seems to him like her mother’s voice, Singing in Paradise How in the grave she lies’

The deer drank the milk from Jody’s hands. When Jody gave milk to the fawn in a gourd, it butted it suddenly, smelling the s milk and not knowing what to do with the milk in the gourd. It was then that Jody: dipped his fingers in the milk and pushed them into the fawn’s soft wet mouth so that it would drink the milk.

Answer is C. the fawn.

Correct option is (c) Middle Level.

Correct option is (a) Administration.