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(d) All of the above

Domain is range of values from which actual values are appearing in a given column are drawn.

(a) PROJECTION

Domain is range of values from which actual values are appearing in a given columns are drawn.

Colourblindness: 

It is a hereditary eye disease. It was first described by Horner. It is of 2 types – 

1. Red-green colourblindness 

2.Blue colourblindness .

• The red-green colourblindness is most common & it is also called a proton defect. 
• Red-green colourblindness is caused due to the absence of red-green cones in the retina.
• The person is unable to identify red, green, yellow & orange colours. These colours appear to be green in the absence of red cones and they appear to be red in the absence of green cones.
• It is a sex-linked disease which is caused due to a recessive gene on the x-chromosome. The mother (female) acts as a carrier. 
• The father of a colourblind daughter is always colourblind. 
• In the F₁ generation of carrier mother & normal father, 50% generation will be normal, 25% will be carrier & 25% will be colourblind. 
• In F₁ generation of carrier mother and colourblind father, 50% of daughters will be colourblind & 50% will be carrier likely, 50% of boys will be normal & 50% will be colourblind.
• In the F₁ generation of normal mother & colourblind father, all males will be normal and all daughters will be a carrier.

Common Eye Diseases: The various eye diseases are as follows 

1. Myopia: 

• It is an eye disease which may occur to any person at any age.
• The person is unable to see distant objects clearly. 
• It is caused either due to increased focal power of the lens (lens become more convex) or eyeball becomes larger.
• It is also called as short-sightedness. It can be corrected by use of biconcave lenses, which are also called as “minus lenses”. 

2. Hypermetropia: 

• It is also called farsightedness. 
• The person is unable to see near objects clearly. 
• It is caused either reduced focal power of the lens (lens becomes less convex) or the eyeball becomes smaller. 
• It can be corrected by the uses of biconvex lenses which are also called as plus lenses. 

3. Cataract:

• It is an eye disease of old age. The eye lens gradually becomes opaque, as a result, the light rays fail to enter into the eye. 
• Cataract disease is also known as salad motia.
• Surgical removal of the lens and either implantation of the artificial lens or use of spectacles with the convex lens is a corrective measure.

4. Astigmatism: 

• It is due to the abnormal shape of the cornea, in which different curvature in different regions of cornea appears. 
• It can be corrected by using cylindrical lenses. 
• It can be corrected by the use of cylindrical lenses. 

5. Conjunctivitis: 

• This eye disease is caused due to viral or bacterial infection. 
• There is inflammation & irritation in the conjunctiva. The conjunctiva also becomes red.

Myopia: 

• It is an eye disease which may occur to any person at any age. 
• The person is unable to see distant objects clearly. 
• It is caused either due to increased focal power of the lens (lens become more convex) or eyeball becomes larger. 
• It is also called a short-sightedness. 
• It can be corrected by use of biconcave lenses, which are also called as “minus lenses”.

The table that does not contain data of its own, but is derived from a base table is view.

Schema in a table gives the complete data of a particular entity

1. External rectus muscle 

2. Internal rectus muscle 

3. Superior rectus muscle 

4. Inferior rectus muscle 

5. Superior oblique muscle 6. Inferior oblique muscle

1. Site of Best Vision – Yellow spot 

2. Site of no vision – Blind spot

The answer is (c) Sacculus, Utriculus, semicircular canals

(c) Cell-B is concerned with colour vision in bright light

(a) Cerebellum

The answer is (d) Vision in a high beam of light and colour differentiation

The answer is (b) Unable to easily see distant objects

The answer is Cristae & Macullae

The answer is (a) Hammer like

It helps to maintain air pressure in the middle ear.

The answer is Malleus, Incus & Stapes

• Rods function even in dim-light and are responsible for general vision. 
• Cones are functional from moderate to bright light and are responsible for colour vision.

The tectorial membrane is found in Scala Media of the cochlea of the ear.

1. The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilages and joints. 

2. Bones provide a framework for the body. 

3. Bones along with muscles help in movements such as walking, running, chewing and dancing etc.

The function of Epiglottis is to prevent the entry of food into the wind pipe.

1. Arteries 

2. Veins 

3. Capillaries

The important parts of eye are cornea, iris, lens and pupil.

Trachea is commonly called as windpipe. It is a tube supported by cartilaginous rings that connects the pharynx and larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air. The trachea divides into right and left bronchi and enter into the lungs.

1. Eyes 

2. Ears 

3. Nose 

4. Tongue 

5. Skin

The lower end of femur is articulated with Tibia fibula and upper with hip bone.

33 vertebrae are found in vertebral column.

1. Endocrine system regulates various functions of the body and maintain the internal environment. 

2. Endocrine glands produce chemical substances called “Hormones’ which control various activities of the body. 

Eg. Growth hormone controls growth, Adrenalin hormone acts at the time of fear stress etc.

Functions of nervous system:

1. Sensory input: The conduction of signals from sensory receptors.
2. Integration : The interpretation of the sensory signals and the formulation of responses.
3. Motor output: The conduction of signals from the brain and spinal card to effectors such as muscle and gland cells.

1. Digestive system is involved in the conversion of complex food substances into simple forms. 

2. Absorption of digested food.

Rib cage 

The rib cage is made up of 12 pairs of curved, flat rib bones. It protects the delicate vital organs such as heart and lungs.

Voluntary muscles :

1. They are attached to the bones. 

2. They can be controlled by our will. 

Example: Muscles of arm.

Involuntary muscles: 

1. They are found in the walls of digestive tract, urinary bladder, arteries and other internal organs. 

2. They cannot be controlled by our will.

1. The skeletal system gives shape to the body. 

2. Bones provide a framework for the body. 

3. Bones along with muscles help in movements such as walking, running, chewing and dancing etc. 

4. It protects, the soft internal organs.

1. Axial skeleton 

2. Thoracic Skeleton 

3. Appendicular Skeleton.

(d) all the above

The body’s vital organs are heart, lungs, etc., are protected by ribs.

The long bone from pectoral girdle to knee is called femur. It is the longest bone of the body. Tibia fibula is found between ankle and the knee. It consists of two bones tibia and fibula. Tibia is located inside and fibula towards the outside. Ankle consists of seven bones which form heels. Foot have five bones called the meta-tarsals. There are three bones in each finger of leg and two in toe.

Main bones of skeleton system are skull bones, upper and lower jaw, bones of vertebral column, humerus, ulna, Tibia- fibula, femur etc.

The place where radius ulna bone is attached to palm is called wrist.

(b) three parts

Main bones of leg

1. Femur 

2. Tibia – Fibula 

3. Patella 

4. Tarsals 

5. Meta-tarsal 

6. Phalanges.

Muscles are made of contractile muscle fibre which has the ability to expand and contract.

The bones of fingers are called carpals.

The number of ribs in human body are 12 pairs.

Pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, bones of hands and legs.

It can move left right, top-bottom upto a certain direction.