Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Prince Akbar

The tropical deciduous.

(a) Zulfikarkhan put Raigad under siege.

(b) Rajaram Maharaj and his wife Maharani Tarabai, Sambhaji Maharaj’s wife, Maharani Yesubai and his son Shahu were in Raigad.

(c) It was very risky for all members of the royal family to stay at one place.

(d) It was decided that Rajaram should escape from Raigad and the fight to defend Raigad would continue under the leadership of Maharani Yesubai.

Correct option is: (a) Yesaji Kank

Following are the famous examples of gorges and canyons of the world. 

1. Fish River Canyon, Namibia 

2. Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA 

3. Tiger Leaping Gorge, China 

4. Kali Gandaki Gorge, Nepal 

5. Blyden River Canyon, South Africa 

6. Gorges du Verdon, France 

7. Indus Gorge, Pakistan 

8. Antelope Canyon, USA

(i) into her room 

(ii) cut off her long 

(iii) put on 

(iv) Going back to her father 

(v) cannot do this

Mulan’s father : I never meant for you logo to war.

Yes, Mulan’s decision to go to the war was correct. She is a patriotic girl who wanted to fight for her country. When the Emperor of China insisted that one man from each family should join the army, she was ready to join the army disguised as a man. At first, her father decided to join the army. But Mulan protested that he could not go as he was old and sick. Her brother was a child. So she decided to join the army. Her father was afraid that the Emperor would kill her, if he knew that she was a woman. But Mulan was confident that no one would find her. She cut her hair like a man and picked up the sword. She bade him goodbye, climbed on a horse and went to join the Emperor’s army.

The United Nations has six official languages.

Correct Answer is: (b) Pushkar

1. Bhagat Singh.

2. Batukeshwar Dutta.

Italian language is not an official language of the United Nations.

Water conservation refers to 

• reducing the wastage of water 
• using water available in an efficient manner 
• storing it for future use. 

1. Rain Water Harvesting 

2. Reducing water pollution 

3. Technology for efficient use of water 

In India, water needs to be conserved due to the following reasons. 

1. Uncertain rainfall 

2. Increasing population leading to reduction in per capita availability of water 

3. Rapid industrialisation leading to pollution of water 

Irrigation is the artificial means of availing water for various purposes.

People obtain loan from various sources. The various types of loans can be grouped as formal sector loans and informal sector loans.

Formal sector: It Includes banks and cooperatives. The Reserve Bank of India supervises the functioning of formal sources of loan. The RBI monitors the banks in actually maintaining cash balance. Similarly, the RBI sees that these banks give loans not just to profit-making businesses and traders but also to small cultivators, small-scale industries, to small borrowers etc. Periodically banks have to submit information to the RBI on how much they are lending and to whom, at what interest rate, etc. 

Informal sector: It includes moneylenders, traders, employers, relatives and friends etc. There is no one to supervise their credit activities. It can charge whatever interest rate they choose. There is no one to stop them from using unfair means to get their money back.

1. Rainfall in India is seasonal, uncertain, uneven and sporadic. 

2. Different crops have different water requirements. 

3. It is indispensible in semi arid regions of Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan etc. 

4. It is necessary to extend the frontiers of cultivation in order to fulfill the food requirements of a growing population. 

Self-Help Groups consist of certain members who pool their savings and constitute a fund which is further used in making finance and advances to other members. A typical Self-Help Group has 15 to 20 members. The members pool their savings and after some time, it becomes a large amount which is used to give loans to the needy ones at a very nominal rate of interest. This helps to reduce the functioning of informal sectors of credit.

After a year, if such a group is regular in its savings, it becomes eligible for availing loan from the bank. Loan is sanctioned in the name of the group and is meant to create self-employment opportunities for the members. Loans are provided for releasing mortgaged land, for meeting working capital needs as buying seeds, fertilisers, raw materials, for acquiring assets like sewing machine, handlooms, cattle, etc. Important decisions regarding the savings and loan activities are taken by the group members. The group decides the purpose, amount, interest to be charged, repayment schedule etc. Non-repayment is taken seriously. Because of this feature, banks are willing to lend loan especially to the poor women when organised in SHG.

SHGs are becoming popular for the following reasons: 

(i) They help borrowers overcome the problem of lack of collateral. 

(ii) They can get timely loans for variety of purposes and at a reasonable interest rate. 

(iii) They are building blocks of the organisation of the rural poor. 

(iv) It helps women to become self-reliant. 

(v) The regular meetings of the group provide a platform to discuss and act on various social issues such as health, nutrition, domestic violence etc.

Self-Help Groups consist of certain members who pool their savings and constitute a fund which is further used in making finance and advances to other members. A typical Self-Help Group has 15 to 20 members. The members pool their savings and after some time, it becomes a large amount which is used to give loans to the needy ones at a very nominal rate of interest. This helps to reduce the functioning of informal sectors of credit.

After a year, if such a group is regular in its savings, it becomes eligible for availing loan from the bank. Loan is sanctioned in the name of the group and is meant to create self-employment opportunities for the members. Loans are provided for releasing mortgaged land, for meeting working capital needs as buying seeds, fertilisers, raw materials, for acquiring assets like sewing machine, handlooms, cattle, etc. Important decisions regarding the savings and loan activities are taken by the group members. The group decides the purpose, amount, interest to be charged, repayment schedule etc. Non-repayment is taken seriously. Because of this feature, banks are willing to lend loan especially to the poor women when organised in SHG.

SHGs are becoming popular for the following reasons: 

(i) They help borrowers overcome the problem of lack of collateral. 

(ii) They can get timely loans for variety of purposes and at a reasonable interest rate. 

(iii) They are building blocks of the organisation of the rural poor. 

(iv) It helps women to become self-reliant. 

(v) The regular meetings of the group provide a platform to discuss and act on various social issues such as health, nutrition, domestic violence etc.

Primitive – Wells, Tanks and Inundation Canals Modern – Perennial Canals, Tube wells and Dams 

Self Help Groups (SHGs) are small institutions for women to help themselves and make them self-reliant.

One of the biggest advantages of SHGs is women in both the rural and urban areas become self-sufficient and also helps the poor families to overcome from the collateral for loans.

SHGs helps reduces the borrowing from the informal sources.

Self Help Groups (SHGs) are small institutions for women to help themselves and make them self-reliant.

1. There is uncertainty of water supply 

2. Only low lands areas are irrigated 

3. They can be used only during floods 

1. They are perennial source of irrigation 

2. They can irrigate a very large area 

3. Irrigation through perennial canals is quite cheap in the long run

Inundation canals and Perennial canals. 

1. Cost of construction is high 

2. Prone to water pollution 

3. Can irrigate only low lying areas 

(b) Himalaya rivers are called seasonal rivers.

Correct option is (a) Rainfall

Following factors should be considered for water management:

1. One should use water economically for gardens, vehicles, in toilets and washbasins.
2. Public awareness should be created for using water judiciously and managing water usage skillfully.
3. Water should be recycled as much as possible.
4. Steps should be taken to save the reservoirs from getting polluted.
5. Water harvesting should be increased with all possible resources like wells, tube wells, khet talavadi, etc.
6. A close eye should be necessary on uses of groundwater in different regions.
7. Water storage units such as tanks should be well maintained.
8. Any damage in the pipeline should be immediately repaired.
9. Co-operation of general public should be taken for the development and management of water resources of a region.
10. Construct more reservoirs for storing water.
11. Connect basins of rivers with each other to bring the groundwater at higher level.
12. Maximize watershed development.

The groundwater is used as potable water, for household works and in agriculture.

Multi-purpose projects help India is solve various problems associated with river valleys. These problems includes flood control, prevention of soil erosion, water for drinking and irrigation, industries, water provided to settlements, electricity generation, internal water transportation, entertainment, wildlife projection, development of fishery, etc.

After the Independence, India’s area under irrigation has increased four times. Coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh, delta regions of Godavari and Krishna rivers, Mahanadi delta in Odisha, Kaveri delta in Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh, etc. are regions which are intensively irrigated. In India, the area under irrigation and irrigation facilities greatly vary from state to state. Today, about 38% of net sown area is under irrigation.

Out of the total sown area of Mizoram, only 7.34% area is under irrigation whereas in case of Punjab it is 90.8%. A vast difference lies between the total area under irrigation in respect to the total sown area sown. It is worth mentioning that more than 40% area of the total area sown in under irrigation in Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu and Manipur.

Rainwater harvesting is a technique for conservation of. water. It is done to increase the groundwater. For rainwater harvesting, special methods are used to collect rainwater in wells, small dams, ponds, khet talavadi (farm ponds), etc. This raises the groundwater level. This water is then used for domestic use and agriculture.

Main Objectives of rainwater harvesting:

1. To increase the capacity to conserve the groundwater and increase the underground water table.
2. Reduce water pollution.
3. Improve the quality of groundwater.
4. To save the land routes from waterlogging.
5. Fulfil the requirement of domestic water requirements during summer and during long diy spells.
6. Fulfil the increasing demand of water.
7. Make arrangement to store rainwater in underground tanks in multistorey residences in large cities or to make arrangement so that the water percolates in the ground.

Water is an invaluable natural resource. Today, there is a severe crisis of water all over the world. Constant rise in population, demand to grow more food grains and cash crops for rising population, increasing urbanization, changing lifestyle industrialization, etc. are some of the major causes that has led to water crisis.

The current situation of water supply and the inequality, as well as inefficiency in its distribution, poses severe problems for livelihood of human beings and economic development. Water crisis is a very serious problem in arid regions of Western Rajasthan and the interior area of southern peninsular plateau. We need pure potable water for our survival. But, the quality of water has deteriorated at many places. This results in several water-borne diseases.

Although the government puts hard efforts to increases the facility of potable water, there exists a large difference between the demand of water and its supply. About 8% of Indian towns face severe shortage of drinking water. About 50% of our village still does not get pure drinking water. Same is the case for water crisis in irrigation. Although, we have made very good progress in our irrigational facilities as 2/3^rd area under agriculture still depends on rainwater.

(c) Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh

About 1500 litres of water is required to product 1 kg of wheat?

Crops like paddy, jute and sugarcane require more water.

The river of Southern India like Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri have created delta regions.

(c) Krishna rivet: Mahisagar: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana

The food requirements of cattle and poultry birds vary according to the age, health, nature of work and special conditions, like lactation period. 

1. The optimal food requirements of a cattle can be worked out, by studying the internal structure and functioning of the rumen and nutritional quality of their feeds and fodder. The milk yield of an animal is largely determined by the kind of feed given to it. 

2. A calf needs more food and nutrition than an old cow. 

3. The feed of poultry birds also needs essential nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins and minerals. The feed for larger poultry farm contains mashed cereals, like bajra, wheat and maize, rice, beans and groundnut cake.

(i) Let P be the perimeter and / be the length, and b be the breadth.

P = 2 (l + b)

(ii) Let P be the perimeter and a be the side of the square.

P = 4a

(iii) Let A be the area of the square and a be the sides of the square.

A = (a)²

(iv) Let S be the surface area and a be the edges of the cube.

S = 6a²

(i) x + y – m

(ii) xy/m

(iii) 3n – 5m + 9p

(iv) 12xyz – 5mn

(v) p + 2r – s – (a + 3n + 4x)

T = 40 hours

x = Rs 39.45

W = xt = 40 x 39.45

W = Rs 1578

F = 9/5 x C + 32

Given, C = 40

F = 9/5 x 40 + 32 = 9 x 8 + 32

F = 104°

Following are the three major benefits of the right to information: 

1. Transparency has increased in the works of the government due to this. 

2. Check on corruption has been imposed. 

3. Distance between the government and the people is narrowing. Awareness has increased.

India is a country full of diversities. People of various religions, communities, castes, beliefs, culture and languages and dialects live here. Therefore, it is natural for disputes to emerge between them at times. These disputes and problems are solved by the government. The government makes efforts to resolve such disputes in a peaceful manner with the help of laws. In a democracy, the government respects public opinion in context to the resolution of disputes. The government implements various public welfare schemes for the resolution of various problems.

In a monarchial government, the power to take decisions and run the government vests with a single person, i.e. the king or the queen. Under this, the king/queen runs the government with the help of a few advisors and the council of ministers selected by him. The final decision-making power vests with the king/queen.

Following are the two major characteristics of a dictatorial government:

1. A dictator ruler is not answerable towards the people. 

2. The people have no right to extend their support or to participate in the process of forming laws.

A government functions on the basis of laws. It has the power to form laws and implement them. A government obtains the power to form laws from the people who cast their votes.