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As soon as the volume of blood reduces in the blood vascular system, the lymph rushes from the lymphatic system to the blood vascular system.

When there is a blockage in the pancreatic duct there will be non availability of pancreatic juice. The protease and amylase do not act on protein and carbohydrate in the duodenum. So digestion of proteins and carbohydrates in the duodenunm of a man will not be seen.

Fats are absorbed through lymph in the present in the villi of the intestinal wall Lacteals.

Bilirubin and biliverdin are the two non-iron products of the breakdown of haemoglobin.

Eustachian valve guards inferior vena cava.

Plasma without the clotting factors is called serum.

Blood : It is specialized kind of living fluid connective tissue of opaque red colour of alkaline nature and salty in taste. Its specific gravity is 1.050-1.060. The blood contains a fluid part-the plasma and the solid part the corpuscles. 

Plasma : Plasma is a pale straw-coloured fluid occupying about one half of the total blood volume. It has about 90-92 per cent water and 8 to 10 per cent solids. 

Serum : Serum is the name given to blood plasma which has its protein fibrinogen removed. In this form the plasma can not clot, so it can be stored in hospital blood banks for transfusions in emergencies.

The main vein Vena cava.

The tunica adventitia of the artery is composed of Collagen fibres.

The body cavity of the cockroach is filled with blood or haemolymph, referred to as haemocoel.

Any substance that triggers off immune system is called antigen.

(i) The heart collects blood through both atria and then distributes it through ventricles. 

(ii) The action of heart includes contractions and relaxations of atria and ventricles respectively called as systole and diastole.

(iii) The right atrium receives.de-oxygenated blood from different parts of body and from the heart itself through the openings-superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus respectively. 

(iv) The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the openings of the pulmonary veins. 

(v) The deoxygenated and oxygenated bloods are forced into their respective ventricles. 

(vi) The contraction of atria is initiated and activated by SA node which spreads the wave of contraction through AV node which are latter transmitted to all parts of ventricles via bundle of His and Purkinje's fibres. 

(vii) During the contraction of ventricles the backward flow of blood into the atria is prevented by bicuspid and tricuspid valves. 

(viii) Thus, blood from the left ventricle and right ventricle is forced into the aorta and pulmonary trunk respectively. 

(ix) In this way the oxygenated blood is supplied to the various parts of the body including the heart itself.

Practically in all living cells and unicellular organisms (e.g., Paramecium) the cytoplasm shows streaming movement, called cyclosis. Cyclosis helps in the distribution of materials in the cells. It also plays an important role in amoeboid locomotion found in certain protozoans (e.g.,Amoeba) and white blood corpuscles.

Universal donor blood group is O and universal acceptor blood group is AB.

The general functions of blood are : 

(i) Transport of Food Materials: Blood transports the digested food from the alimentary canal to the different body cells. 

(ii) Transport of Respiratory Gases: Oxygen is carried from the respiratory organs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissue to the respiratory organs by blood. 

(iii) Transport of Hormones : Hormones are carried by blood from the endocrine glands to the places of use. 

(iv) Transport of Excretory Matter : Blood transports the excretory matter to the kidneys or other excretory organs. 

(v) Transport of Heat and temperature regulation : Blood allows the transfer of heat from the deeper tissue to surface of the body where it can be lost and this help in temperature regulation. 

(vi) Defence against infection : Some white blood corpuscles are phagocytic in action, however certain white blood corpuscles produce antitoxins to neutralize the toxins released by the foreign germs.

When an injury is caused to a blood vessel bleeding starts which is stopped by a process called blood clotting or blood coagulation. This process can be described under three major steps. 

(i) First step : 

(a) At the site of an injury, the blood platelets disintegrate and releases platelet factor-3 (= Platelet thromboplastin). 

(b) Injured tissues also release thromboplastin. 

(c) These two factors combine with calcium ions (Ca⁺⁺) and certain proteins of the blood plasma to form an enzyme called prothrombinase. 

(ii) Second step : 

(a) The prothrombinase inactivates heparin (or antiprothrombin-anticoagulant) in the presence of calcium. 

(b) Prothrombinase catalyzes breakdown of prothrombin (inactive plasma protein) into an active protein thrombin. 

(iii) Third step : 

(a) Fibrins are formed by the conversion of inactive fibrinogens in the plasma by the enzyme thrombin. 

(b) The fibres of fibrin form a dense network upon the wound and trap blood corpuscles to form a clot. 

(c) The clot seals the wound and stops bleeding.

sin(sin^-1(1/5) + cos^-1x) = 1

⇒ sin^-1(1/5) + cos^-1x = sin^-11

⇒ sin^-1(1/5) + cos^-1x = π/2 ⇒ sin^-1(1/5) = π/2 - cos^-1x = sin^-1x

⇒ x = 1/5

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The Prime Minister is the real head of the country.

Written and detailed Constitution.

The two main features of the Indian Constitution are below:

1. A Long and Detailed Constitution. The Indian Constitution is the lengthiest and most detailed constitution in the world. It contains 395 articles and 12 schedules.
2. Fundamental Rights. The Fundamental Rights have been given in the third chapter of the constitution. These are Right to equality, Right to freedom, Right against exploitation, Right to freedom of religion, Cultural and Educational Rights and the Right to constitutional remedies.

1. The northern parts of North America are colder than the southern parts. 

2. The South Westerlies cause rain throughout the year along the north – west coast in the northern part of North America. 

3. The Alaskan Current warms the Alaskan Coast and keeps it frost-free in winter. 

4. The tropical regions mainly experience rainfall in the summer season. 

5. The prairies are a vast stretch of tall grasses.

Its carved out of Colorado River.

Lumberjacks used to have a very hard life in earlier days as their work of falling trees begins early followed by cutting off branches of fallen trees, skidding and hauling. They had to live in camps and start their days quiet early. But now settled communities of forest workers have developed. The forests are more accessible and they use power driven saws, powered cranes and automobiles.

The Canadian Shield is composed of oldest known hard rocks and the surface of land consists of many deep hollows of depression. When Ice Age ended, these depressions were filled by meltwater from glaciers and ice-sheets. Apart from the Great Lakes, Lake Winnipeg, Great Bear Lake, Great Slave Lake and Lake Athabasca are important lakes present in this region.

This canyon is about 2000 m deep and 400 km long because it is world famous for its majesty and beauty, so it is called the grand canyon.

Hudson River is the famous Statue of Liberty on Liberty Island.

In winters the sap in trees is frozen, making it easier to cut and drag the logs on frozen river grounds. The winter air is clean, refreshing and free from perts.

The tropical islands of the Caribbean sea are collectively called the West Indies. They include Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Haiti, etc. form West Indies.

The Great Rivers are located in the Canadian or Laurentian shield. The St. Lawrence River connects and drains the Great Lakes.

Feature of a federal constitution :

1. There is a division of powers between the Central Government and the State Governments in the federal constitution.
2. The federal constitution provides for an independent and impartial judiciary. (Anyone)

The various categories of Lumberjacks include the high riggers, sawers or buckers. Skidders and haulers or transporters. The high riggers are people who climb the tall coniferous trees to cut off its branches first and then trunk. The sawers use saw and axes to cut the trunk into lengths measuring 1 to 5 m. The skidders mainly collect the logs and stack them along a frozen river bank, road or railway line. 

The haulers ensure the transfer of logs down a river till they reach, a sawnill or factory. This include clearing ‘ log-jams’ with long poles or use sticks of dynamites to move logs which cause jams.

The grand canyon of the colorado river is 2000 m deep and 400 km long and so it is famous for its majesty and beauty.

The poet compares soulful visions to poppies. They intoxicate like poppies. It is an example of a simile.

Because it is used as a wreath to be placed on a dead body.

1. Her eyes were fireballs. 

2. I was lost in a sea of nameless faces. 

3. He is a rolling stone 

4. The wheels of justice turn slowly

The flower symbolizes kindness, beauty, fragrance, love – all the bright things in nature. It also symbolizes the experiences we have in our life – joy, sorrow, failure, victory, etc.

lt decorate the plain and fills the air with its fragrance.

1. I am a star. 

2. I am the daughter of the elements. 

3. The eyes of the night 

4. The eyes of the day

The flower always looks up to see only the light. It never looks down to see the shadow. Similarly, man should see the brighter side of life and never brood over its darker side.

The sun eye of the day.

The flower is used to make wreaths on both joyous and sorrowful occasions like wedding and death respectively. Thus it becomes the part of joy and sorrow.

‘Blue tent’ refers to the sky and the ‘Green carpet’ refers to the earth full of vegetation.

The life of the flower is related to the season. Winter conceived it, spring gave birth to it, summer reared it and in autumn it passed away.

Sarojini Naidu dreams of a magical, imaginative land which is free from all evils. We are also dreaming about India to become an ideal country. But unfortunately, our nation reels under several threats marring the ideals of truth, love, and peace. Sarojini Naidu in the poem expresses her desire in the form of a dream and describes the idealized place as the “magical wood in the land of sleep.” In her imaginative world, the abstract values and ideas of truth, love, and peace are clearly palpable in nature. They are no more just abstract ideas but perceived with proper shape and size.

The imagination assumes relevance when it is interpreted as the poet’s vision for her motherland. She wants her motherland to be a dreamland free of vices and evil. When the poem was published in 1905, India was a British colony. Moreover, Sarojini Naidu was not only a poet but also an active participant in the Indian Freedom Movement and the poem reflects her intense desire for an ideal motherland.

1. Yes, I do like the poem. The poet expresses her desire in the form of a dream and describes the idealized place as the “magical wood in the land of sleep.” I would also like to be there. 

2. The theme of the poem is the poet’s longing to dwell in an idyllic place devoid of evil or vice, ‘To quench my longing I bent low by the streams of the spirits of Peace that flow in that magical wood in the land of sleep’. 

3. ‘Soul-deep in visions that poppy-like sprang’. This line brings a strong sensual imagery. 

4. I like the last line most. I like it most because I like to imagine myself “standing in the light of the magical grove feeling stars of the spirits of love gather and gleam around my youth”. 

5. The message the poem conveys is that we should have a world with spirits of Truth and Love and Peace all the time. 

6. The title of the poem is related to its theme. The poet tells us about an idyllic place where she finds love, peace, and serenity. Such a place can exist only in one’s dream. 

7. The poet longs to dwell in an idyllic place marked by the absence of any evil or vice. Moreover, she considers truth, love, and peace as the key ingredients of a peaceful world.

The magical wood is an idyllic place marked by the absence of any evil or vice.

The poet quenches her longing by bending low by the stream of the spirits of Peace.

There are several characteristics of a developed country Every citizen of such country is well qualified and full of the sense of love and dedication for others. The economic status of every person is good and there is not any kind of scarcity. The people of such country never fight against each other and always believe in the sense of unity of religion and caste and never develop the sense of inferiority in others.

एक विकसित राष्ट्र के कई गुण होते हैं। ऐसे देश का प्रत्येक नागरिक पूर्ण शिक्षित तथा दूसरों के लिए प्रेम व समर्पण की भावना से भरा होता है। प्रत्येक व्यक्ति का आर्थिक स्तर मजबूत होता है तथा ऐसे देश में किसी भी चीज की कमी नहीं होती है। ऐसे देश के लोग आपस में झगड़ते नहीं हैं तथा हमेशा धर्म की एकता में विश्वास करते हैं तथा कभी भी दूसरों में निकृष्टता के भाव विकसित नहीं करते हैं।