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(d) 1, 2 and 4

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

The Right option is (c) 3 and 4 

(b) High pressure system with clockwise winds in the northern hemisphere. 

(a) pressure gradient

(d) in the southern hemisphere the south blowing winds are deflected eastward

(d) EL Nino, an unusual warning of surface ocean waters in the eastern tropical Pacific is the part of southern oscillation. Scientists do not know exactly how El Nino forms. It is said that El Nino may have contributed to the 1993 Mississipi and 1995 California floods. The average period length of EL Nino is 5 years.

(a) The first statement is correct as we all know. One major factor affecting the distribution of the temperature of Earth is distribution of Land and Oceans. Since there is more land in Northern Hemisphere and more waters in Southern hemisphere and there is a big difference between the specific heat of land and water; the loss of heat from the continents is bigger than the oceans. The continents get heated faster and get cooled faster in comparison to the Oceans. This is the reason that the temperatures of the Oceans are moderate while that of continents is extreme. The moderating effect on temperature of the land due to proximity of the seas is called Maritime influence. The increasing effect on temperature of the land at interior of the continents is called Continental Influence.

(a) do not receive moisture-bearing wind from the oceans 

(c) Pressure only due to vapour in the air 

(b) saturation point

(a) Specific humidity 

(c) Chinook is a warm, dry, gusty, westerly wind that blows down the Rocky Mountains in North America.

(b) Dew point is the temperature at which the air is fully saturated and below which condensation normally occurs, water vapour starts to condense to form water droplets.

(d) Half of the water vapour in the air in atmosphere lies below an altitude of 2 kilometer and 90 per cent of water vapour lies below an altitude of 5 kilometer. Amount of precipitable water in atmosphere increases from the poles to the equator.

The Right option is : (a) 1 and 2

(d) Insolation is the measure of solar radiation energy recieved on a given surface area in a given time. Some of the solar radiation is absorbed and the rest is reflected. Insolation is largest when the surface faces the sun.

(b) nitrogen and oxygen 

The Right option is : (c) 3 only

(d) 1, 3 and 4

(c) Halo is an indication of approaching bad weather.

 (d) Calcification

(c) A – 1 ; B – 4 ; C – 2 ; D – 3

(d) A – 4 ; B – 1 ; C – 2 ; D – 3

(a) Hurricanes develop over the oceans between 8°-15° N. The term “tropical” refers to the geographical origin of these systems, which usually form over the tropical oceans. The term “cyclone” refers to their cyclonic nature, with wind blowing counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. The opposite direction of circulation is due to the Coriolis force. Depending on its location and strength, a tropical cyclone is referred to by names such as hurricane, typhoon, tropical storm, cyclonic storm, tropical depression and simply cyclone.

The Right option is : (a) 1 and 2 

(b) Humid temperate

(b) Nitrogen 

(b) In the given figure ‘B’ lies between two cyclone zone ‘A’ and ‘D’. At the ‘B’ marked region rainfall would be accompanied by thunder storms.

(a) Cumulonimbus

(c) Cumulonimbus, cumulus, stratus, cirrus

(b) Rain caused by vertical circulation of air currentsorographic rainfall. 

(b) spring tide at new moon

(a) in the northern hemisphere

(a) Doldrums is the name for the equatorial belt of low pressure lying between 5° south and 5° North latitude.

(d) The option (d) is incorrect. The annual rainfall ranges from 400-600 mm. not 1500-2000 mm.

(c) Stratosphere is the second layer of the atmosphere, extends to a height of 50 km above the earth.

(c) 30° – 40° Nand S latitudes

(b) Two regions, found at latitude 30°-35° north and 35°-30° south of the equator, where there is steady movement of air is known as horse latitudes.

(c) Jet streams are fast flowing, narrow air current found in the atmospheres of some planets including Earth. The main jet streams are located near the tropopause, the transition between the tropopause, the transition between the troposphere and the stratosphere.

(c) prevailing outblowing winds cross the lake in water 

(b) Horse Latitudes are the subtropical belts of variable winds and columns that is between the latitudes 25° and 35° south and north. They coincide with sub-tropical high-pressure belts.

(c) troposphere, stratosphere, ionosphere and exosphere. 

(a) nitrogen, oxygen, argon, minor gases 

(b) rise in temperature 

(a) The higher speed and greater persistence of the westerlies in the Southern Hemisphere are caused by the difference in the atmospheric pressure patterns as well as its variation from that of the Northern hemisphere. The landmass in the southern hemisphere is comparatively less and average annual pressure decreases much more rapidly on the pole ward side of the high pressure belt. Statement 1 is correct. As far as coriolis force is concerned,it is strongest in the polar regions and zero at the equator. At the intermediate levels it varies directly as the sine of the latitude.

(a) All forms of precipitation converted to the quantity of liquid water 

(b) 40 1/2° North and South 

The Right option is :(d) 3-2-1-4

The Right option is : (c) Gully