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Revenue Expenditure:

It is incurred for day to day running of the business.

Bill of exchange is drawn when the purchaser is unable to make cash payment at the time of purchase. It ensures that the payment will be made by the purchaser on the presentation of bill of exchange on due date. Bill of exchange can be discounted from bank to get payment immediately. 

Parties to a bill of exchange:

(i) Drawer: Who draws the bill of exchange.

(ii) Drawee: Upon whom the bill of exchange is drawn.

(iii) Payee: Who will receive the payment.

Items to be shown on the debit side of Trading Account:

(i) Opening Stock

(ii) Purchases

(iii) Direct Expenses

(iv) Gross Profit

(v) Sales Return

Items to be shown on the debit side of Profit & Loss Account:

(i) Gross Loss

(ii) Net Profit

(iii) Indirect Expenses

(iv) Depreciation

(v) Loss on sale of fixed assets

Given, 

sinx + cosx = 5/4

Squaring both side

(sinx + cosx)² = (5/4)² 

sin²x + cos²x + 2sinx.cosx = 25/16

1 + 2sinx.cosx = 25/16

Therefore, 

a = 25/16

32a = 32 x 25/16 = 50

The definition of the speed of light is:  299,792,458 meters per second and one second equals 10⁹ nanoseconds.

Set it up like this:  (299,792,458 m/s) x (1 s/10⁹ ns) 

0.299792458 meters per nanosecond  

One meter is defined as 39.37 inches.  

(0.299792458 m/ns) x (39.37 in 1/m) = 11.8 inches per nanosecond 

One foot is 12 inches. 

Light travels approximately one foot in one nanosecond.

Principal focus is a point on the principal axis, where a beam of light, parallel to the principal axis, after reflection, either actually meets (concave) or appears to meet (convex).

Centre of curvature is the centre of the sphere of which the spherical mirror is a part.

Focus: (Principal focus) It is a point on the principal axis of the mirror, such that the rays incident on the mirror parallel to the principal axis after reflection, actually meet at this point (in case of a concave mirror) or appear to come from it (in case of a convex mirror)   

Centre of Curvature: The centre of the spherical shell, of which the mirror forms a section, is called the centre of curvature of the mirror. It lies outside the surface. Every point on the mirror surface lies at same distance from it.

Principal axis is an imaginary line passing through the pole and the centre of curvature of a spherical mirror.

Principal focus is a point on the principal axis, where a beam of light, parallel to the principal axis, after reflection, either actually meets (concave) or appears to meet (convex).

Convex mirror image formed always virtual and erect but the size of image is always smaller than size of object.

If the size of the image formed is smaller than the object, the image is said to be diminished image.

Use a Multi-meter to Test for Continuity

(i) To test for continuity, turn the dial or set the digital controls on the tester to the ohm setting. 

(ii) In this mode, you also have the ability to set a multiplier factor, which can be slightly confusing if you are unfamiliar with the tool. Since the testers are designed to test for a wide range of resistance on sophisticated electronic parts, it has multiplier ohm settings, indicated by markings such as X1, X10, XK1, etc., controlled by a dial or buttons. These multipliers tell you that the reading on the ohm meter should be multiplied by the number indicated on the dial. For example, if your dial is set for X10 and the meter reads 50 ohms, the actual resistance number is 10 x 50, or 500 ohms.  

(iii) For simple continuity tests of switches and other devices, the multiplier settings are not important. No matter how the tool's multiplier dial is set, you will be looking for a reading of 0 ohms to indicate perfect continuity in the switch or whatever device you are testing. Some meters have an audible alarm that indicates perfect continuity (0 ohms resistance).  

(iv) Touch one probe of the tester to one side of the pathway, and touch the other probe to the other side. In the example of a single-pole wall switch, you will be touching the probes to the two screw terminals on the side of the switch. With the switch's toggle lever in the ON position, the multi-tester should read 0 if the metal pathway in the switch is properly intact. 

The correct option is:(c) 1 and 2

Explanation:

Flavr Savr, a genetically modified tomato, had been made to retain the freshness and flavour by blocking an enzyme known as polygalacturonase. This enzyme is responsible for ripening of tomato but blocking it by genetic engineering delays ripening and thus prolonging its shelf life.

The correct option is: (c) 1 and 3

Explanation:

In 1892, Dmitri Ivanovsky for the first time had described a non-bacterial pathogen which infected tobacco plants. Then the actual discovery of tobacco mosaic virus was done by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898. Anton van Leeuwenhoek of 17th century is credited with the discovery of bacteria for the first time in a drop of pond water under a glass lens. Theodor Schwann, Matthias Jakob Schleiden, and Rudolf Virchow proposed cell theory. In 1839, Schwann and Schleiden suggested that cells were the basic unit of life.

The correct option is: (c) 3 only

Explanation:

Femur is the most proximal bone of the leg in the tetrapod vertebrates. It is the single bone in the thigh and longest bone in the human body. The stapes is a bone in the middle year of the humans. It is the smallest in the human body. Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body which is made up of 96% of minerals. 

The correct option is: (a) 1 2 3 4

Explanation:

Blood group A contains antigen A and anti-B antibodies in the blood plasma. Similarly, blood group B contains antigen B and anti-A antibodies in the blood plasma. A particular blood group known as AB contains both A and B antigens but no antibodies. The blood group O contains no antigens but both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the blood plasma.

The correct option is: (d) Both A and R are false.

Explanation:

Arteries carry blood from heart to various body organs. Veins carry blood from body organs to heart.

We know that like dissolves like. Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents and nonpolar solutes dissolve in non-polar solvents.
Here, water is a polar solvent and carbon tetrachloride is a non-polar solvent.

C₆H₆:
C6H6 is a non-polar solute, so that it dissolves in carbon tetrachloride solvent.

I₂:
I₂ is a non-polar solute, so that it dissolves in carbon tetrachloride solvent.

Na₂S:
Na₂S is a polar solute, so that it dissolves in water solvent.

CH₃OH:
CH₃OH is a polar solute, so that it dissolves in water solvent.

The correct option is: (b) 1 and 3

Explanation:

Chlorides and sulphates of calcium and magnesium are responsible for permanent hardness of water.

Note: Bicarbonates are responsible for temporary hardness of water. 

Ratio of 500 ml to 2 litre = 500 ml : (2 x 1000 ml)  [1 litre = 1000 ml)

Divide each term by 500 ml.

We get,

= 1 : ( 2 x 2)

= 1 : 4

Therefore

Ratio of 500 ml to 2 litre = 1 : 4 

Under perfect competition there are no barriers to entry and exit of firms into/from industry. When in short run there are abnormal profits, new firms enter. This will increase market supply and price will fall. This process continues till abnormal profits reduce to normal profits.

Similarly if firms are incurring losses, firms will start leaving. This reduces market supply and price will rise till losses are wiped out.

They shine because of total reflection. The speed of light is faster inside the air bubble than in the water. Thus the light gets reflected away from the bubble around the outside, looking like a mirror. This is only along the outer circle in the direction you are looking. If you look towards the center of the bubble you can see right through it.

Inflammable substance: 

The substances which have very low ignition temperature and can easily catch fire with a flame are called inflammable substances. 

Examples of inflammable substances are petrol, alcohol, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), etc.

Certain elements combine with other atoms, donating, accepting or sharing electrons in different proportions depending on the nature of the reaction. For example, iron combines with oxygen to form ferrous oxide as well as ferric oxide. In the formation of ferrous oxide, iron exhibits a valency of +2, whereas in ferric oxide, it has a valency of +3. This is termed variable valency.

Sodium Sulphide --->  Na₂S

1. ⁿ
2. bye

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Magnesium oxide ----> MgO

1. O = 2

2. OH = 1

3. CO₃ = 2

4. Cl = 1

Sodium has valency +1. It is Na⁺.  

Because it donates one valence electron for octet configuration.  

Calcium has valency +2. It is Ca²⁺. 

Because it donates two valence electrons for octet configuration.  

Ferric has valency +3. It is Fe³⁺. 

Because it donates three valence electrons for octet configuration.

The hydroxide radical of OH.

A “crown ether ” is a cyclic ether containing several (i.e., 4, 5, 6 or more) oxygen atoms. As we have indicated in the objectives above, a detailed knowledge of these compounds is not required in this course.

In mathematics, expressions like 1/0 are undefined. But the limit of the expression 1/x as x tends to zero is infinity. Similarly, expressions like 0/0 are undefined. But the limit of some expressions may take such forms when the variable takes a certain value and these are called indeterminate.

(1) arc length (CD) = πrθ/180°

 = (22 x 8 x 45°)/180°

= 44 cm

(2) arc length (XY) = πrθ/180°

= (22 x 6 x 45°)/180°

= 33 cm

θ = 45^o

r = 5 cm

Length of the arc = 2πrθ/360

= (2 x 3.14 x 5 cm x 45^o)/ 360

= 1413/360 cm

= 3.925 cm

Answer given below:

https://bit.ly/2WrtZTH

The correct option is: (d) 4 1 3 2

Explanation:

Formic acid – Ant's sting 

Tartaric acid – Tamarind 

Oxalic acid – Spinach 

Citric acid – Orange

The correct option is: (b) Atomic number: Moseley

Explanation:

Scientist        Discovery 

Moseley – Atomic number 

Chadwick – Neutron 

Millikan – Measurement of charge of an electron. 

Aston – Mass spectrograph

The atomic number of Cr is 24. There are 6 electrons in the outer two shells of Cr that is, 3d and 4s.

The assumed electronic configuration of Cr is [Ar]3d⁴4s² 

Filling of electron take place in increasing order of n + l value of orbital.

For 3d orbital,

Substitute, 3 for n and 2 for l thus,

n + l = 3 + 2 = 5

Similarly, for 4s orbital substitute, 4 for n and 0 for l thus,

n + l = 4 + 0 = 4

Hence, 4s should be filled first as 4s² and remaining 4 electrons goes 3d as 3d⁴. But while writing 4s² is written after 3d⁴.

The actual electronic configuration of Cr is [Ar]3d⁵4s¹. This is because half or full-filled orbitals are more stable than partially filled.

The d subshell has five orbitals. This subshell is extremely stable when it is empty or half-filled. So, Cr exists as [Ar]3d⁵4s¹  and not as [Ar]3d⁴4s²  to acquire half-filled configuration.

Removing 3 electrons from Cr, Electronic configuration of Cr⁺³ is [Ar]3d³4s⁰..

Electronic configuration of Cr⁺³ is [Ar]3d³4s⁰.

To form a trivalent cation of Cr atom, 3 electrons are removed from its outer shells. One electron of the 4s shell and two electrons from the 3d shells.

Average age is 12 years and 3 months

1 year is having 365 days (assuming only in leap year)

1 day is having 24 hour

1 hour is 60 min

1 min is 60 second

Now doing all these in reverse order,

1 hour = 60 x 60 second

1 day = 24 × 60 × 60 second

1 year = 365 × 24 × 60 × 60 second

So, 12 year = 12 × 365 × 24 × 60 × 60 second = 378432000 sec

1 months = 30 days

3 months will be 3 × 30 days

= 3 × 30 × 24 × 60 × 60 second = 7776000 sec

12 years and 3 months = 378432000 + 7776000

= 386208000 second

Purchase by sample is the best mode of purchase for buying goods in bulk.

Sale on hire purchase basis 

Identification of other buyers

The document that inform the buyer that his/her account has been credited with a particular amount is called  Credit note

The sale under which the goods are delivered to buyer on payment with the understanding that the buyer can return the goods to the seller and claim refund within a specified period is called Sale on approval basis 

Personal presentation of message is not a feature of Advertising.

Buying and selling in small quantity. 

Publicity...

Multiple shops is not a type of non-store retailing.

Sampling technique did the company adopt.

Advertising  is an impersonal form of communication.

Invoice is prepared by Seller in case of sale of goods.

The correct option is: (A)

Explanation:

Bleaching powder or calcium hypochlorite is a chemical compound with formula Ca(ClO)₂.

The chemical formula for marble is CaCO₃. It is calcium carbonate. Marble is used in various applications, including home design.

Gypsum is a very soft sulphate mineral composed of calcium sulphate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO₄ · 2H₂O. It can be used as a fertilizer, is the main constituent in many forms of plaster and is widely mined.

(b) the chain reaction in nuclear reactor is controlled.

Explanation:

There are two main fundamental differences between the design of an atomic bomb, and the design of a nuclear reactor. One difference is the way the fission reactions are controlled and the second difference stems from the enrichment of the fuel.