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(a) Bhagwan Mahaveer Wildlife Sanctuary, Goa

A new species had been discovered in 2013 in Bhagavan Mahaveer Wildlife Sanctuary, Goa. Its name is Idionyx gomantakensis.

Cubic unit cell:

• Cubic unit cell length of sides are equal and their all angles are 90^o .
• Cubic unit cell three types are there simple , body centred and face centred in Bravais lattice.

Tetragonal unit cell:

• For tetragonal unit cell two sides are equal and third one are different but their all angles are same i.e. 90^o  
• For tetragonal unit cell two types are there simple and body centred according to Bravais lattice.

The correct option is: (d) 1, 2 and 3

Explanation:

When vaseline is applied to both surfaces of the leaf of a plant, all the three processes will be affected. Stomata of both surfaces will get closed. As a result, there will be no exchange of gases like CO₂, O₂ and water vapour. This will affect all the three processes.

(d) The enzyme nitrogenase reduces N₂ to form ammonia.

Explanation:

The enzyme nitrogenase reduces N₂ to form ammonia. Mutant strains of Rhizobium are not able to secrete excess protein into the soil.

The correct option is: (a) 1 and 2

Explanation:

Carbon dioxide and water vapour in plants are produced as wastes during respiration. Oxygen is produced as a waste during photosynthesis. All these gaseous wastes of photosynthesis and respiration are removed though stomata. 

The correct option is: (c) 2 3 1 4

Explanation:

Wine is a fermented drink made from the grapes or sugarcane or other fruits. Beer is an alcoholic beverage produced by the saccharification of starch and fermentation of the resulting sugar. The starch and saccharification enzymes are often derived from malted cereal grains of barley and wheat. Whisky is made from fermented grain mash of barley, malted barley, rye, malted rye, wheat, buckwheat and corn. Rum is made from molasses.

The correct option is: (b) 3 1 4 2

Explanation:

Rhizophora constitutes the red mangroves which have respiring roots known as pneumatophores? Fasciculated roots are tuberous roots. Dahlias have fasciculated roots. Climbing roots are developed in Piper betel. Orchids have a characteristic feature of developing epiphytic roots. Epiphytic plants are those plants which develop aerial roots. 

The correct option is: (c) A is true, but R is false.

Explanation:

Mendel worked on garden pea as it was easy for genetic studies and easy to work with as it had short lifespan, self-pollinating crop, and had seven distinguishable contrasted features to compare between. Pea (Pisum sativum) is a leguminous crop which belongs to the family Fabaceae.

(a) Both the statements are individually true and statement II is the correct explanation of statement I 

Explanation:

Osmosis is the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a partially permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.

The correct option is:(b) 3 only 

Explanation:

Osmosis is defined as the movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane to a region that has a higher solute concentration. Osmosis helps animal cell by bringing about a state of balance between important minerals and body solutions.

The correct option is: (c) 1/5 protein, 1/5 fat and 3/5 carbohydrate

Explanation:

A balanced diet is a diet which provides sufficient amount of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals nutrients to maintain good health and with a small provision for periods of leanness or scarcity.

The correct option is:(a) Boeing X-37

Explanation:

The space plane constructed by Richard Branson’s Spaceflight company, Virgin Galactic successfully completed to carry off people to space is called as Boeing X-37.

The correct option is: (a) China

Explanation:

Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) is a Chinese space vehicle launch facility spaceport located in the Gobi desert, about 1,600 km from Beijing.

The correct option is : (C)

Explanation:

Sour milk – Lactic acid 

Vinegar and pickel – Acetic acid  

Soda water – Carbonic acid 

Apple – Malic acid

(a) Percentage of ²³⁵U has been artificially increased

Natural uranium is 99.284% ²³⁸U isotope, with ²³⁵U only constituting about 0.711% of its weight. Enriched uranium is a type of uranium in which the percent composition of uranium-235 has been increased artificially through the process of isotope separation.

(b) Natural uranium in which the component of radioactive isotope U²³⁵ is artificially increased.

Explanation:

Enriched uranium is a type of uranium in which the percent composition of uranium-235 has been increased through the process of isotope separation. 

Enriched uranium is a critical component for both civil nuclear power generation and military nuclear weapons. The International Atomic Energy Agency attempts to monitor and control enriched uranium supplies and processes in its efforts to ensure nuclear power generation safety and curb nuclear weapons proliferation.

Primates is the name of the order of mammals to which we happen to belong. The name means 'first' or 'most important' and was given to the order by Carl Linnaeus. While naming it that way may have been a matter of human ego, we can't help but feel a certain fascination with the group to which we belong. 

Primates typically have grasping hands and feet in addition to relatively large brains. They have flatter faces than most other mammals, lacking the muzzle of dogs, bears, deer and other mammals. They have good vision but a more limited sense of smell than most other mammals. Most are highly social.

Primates is the name of the order of mammals to which we happen to belong. The name means 'first' or 'most important' and was given to the order by Carl Linnaeus. While naming it that way may have been a matter of human ego, we can't help but feel a certain fascination with the group to which we belong. 

Primates typically have grasping hands and feet in addition to relatively large brains. They have flatter faces than most other mammals, lacking the muzzle of dogs, bears, deer and other mammals. They have good vision but a more limited sense of smell than most other mammals. Most are highly social.

On the trig unit circle,
sin (270) 

= sin (90 + 180) 

= - sin 90 

= - 1

The correct option is: (a) 1 only

Explanation:

Progeria or Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is a genetic disease with a defect in the gene LMNA, in which the ageing process is manifested at a very early age and the progeric children typically live to their mid-teens to early twenty

The correct option is:(b) 2 only

Explanation:

Entamoeba histolytica causes amoebiasis, the symptoms of which are chronic diarrhoea to fulminant dysentery. Trypanosoma gambiense causes sleeping sickness in which there are fevers, joint pains, numbness poor coordination and trouble in sleeping. Syphilis is an STD, caused by Treponema pallidum, a spirochete becterium, Pasteurella pestis causes Bubonic plague, in which the lymph nodes are swollen especially in armpit and groin.

The correct option is: (b) 2 only

Explanation:

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease in which the thyroid gland is attacked by a variety of cells and antibody-mediated immune processes. It results in hypothyroidism. Cretinism is a condition of several stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormone or maternal hypothyroidism.

The correct option is:(a) 1 only

Explanation:

ECG is a test that measures the electrical activity of the heart. ECG is used to measure the rate and regularity of heartbeats.

The correct option is: (a) 3 5 4 2 1

Explanation:

Benign tumours are those which do not spread from the site of formation and is not cancerous. They can be operated and treated by removal. Malignant tumours are dangerously cancerous as they spread from the place of formation to other tissues. Neoplasm is a malignant tumour. Cancer of epithelial tissues is called carcinomas. Sarcoma is cancer developed in bone and cartilage tissues. Lymphomas are the cancers of blood-forming haematopoietic cells.

The correct option is: (b) Peru

The correct option is: (d) Both 2 and 3

Explanation:

Agni-1 is a surface to surface, nuclear weapons capable ballistic missile.

The correct option is: (b) Pluto

The correct option is: (b) 2 only

Explanation:

India is the first nation to successfully put spacecraft in Mars orbit in maident attempt. India is the 4th nation in the world to have sent spacecraft to Mars. The other 3 nations are – The USA, Russia and European space agency. 

John Tyndall demonstrated that open tubes of broth remained free of bacteria when air was free of dust.

Tailoring of hnRNA is done by Snurps .

The preamble of the Indian Constitution serves as a brief introductory statement of the Constitution that sets out the guiding purpose, principles and philosophy of the Indian Constitution. By 42nd Constitutional Amendment, 1976, it was amended which determined to constitute India into a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular and Democratic Republic. It secures justice, liberty, equality to all citizens of India and promotes fraternity amongst the people. 

The idea of the following things can be given by the Preamble which are: 

1. Source of the Constitution 

2. Nature of Indian State 

3. A statement of its objectives 

4. Date of its adoption

5 years

Article 56 of the Indian Constitution says that the President shall hold office for a term of five years from the date he takes up his post. He may resign from his office by writing his resignation to the Vice-President of India.

An invoice is issued by a seller to a buyer

A transaction between two parties where the buyer receives goods, services or assets in exchange for money is called Sale.

In order to serve as a lubricant fostering smooth operations of a business not be ineffective.

both a and b

It is necessary for a Public company to keep an index of members.  

A private company can start business as soon as it receives the certificate of incorporation; 

1. Rebate: It is a technique of sales promotion in which products are offered at special prices in order to clear excess stock. 

Example: Pre-GST sale offer of ₹ 4000 off on Air Conditioner. 

2. Discount: It is a technique of sales promotion in which products are offered at a price which is less than list price. 

 Example: Levi’s offer a discount of 40% on jeans. 

3. Refund: It is a technique of sales promotion in which part of price paid by customer is refunded with some proof of purchase. 

 Example: On return of wrapper of 5sstar, get refund of 2. 

 4. Contest: It is a technique of sales promotion in which customer participate in competitive events. 

 Example: Bournvita Quiz contest. 

5. Lucky Draw: It refers to taking out a draw on purchase of product and giving Gift . 

Example: Lucky draw coupon for free holiday. 

a) Debit note: Debit note is a commercial document issued by the buyer to a seller as an invoice in order to adjust the amount. Debit note is a document used by a vendor to inform buyer current debt obligation. 

b) Credit note: Credit note is a document that inform the buyer that his/her account has been credited with the particular amount. 

a. Email: Emails are highly effective method used for communication. It is a method of sending messages with the help of computer networks. 

b. Letter: Letter is a written message from one party to another communicating professional/ official matter and provides a means of self expression to a reader. In business it is used to communicate memorandum and other official matter . 

Following are the methods used in case of purchase of goods: 

a) Hire Purchase Method: It is the agreement of hiring goods. Under this method ownership is transferred after the payment of last instalment. In this method buyer cannot transfer goods. 

b) Instalment System: It is agreement of sale. Under this method ownership is transferred after signing the agreement. In this buyer can transferor goods. 

Limitations of Multiple shops: 

(i) Limited Choice: These shops deal in limited variety of products. 

(ii) No Credit Facility: Since the goods are sold on cash bases the customers can not avail credit facility from these shops. 

(iii) No Bargaining: The prices of the products are fixed by the head office and the individual shops have no control over it. Therefore the customers can not bargain the prices. 

(iv) Lack of Initiative: These shops are managed by the branch managers, who follow strictly the instructions of the head office. Therefore the branch managers do not take initiative and do not have any special interest in satisfying the customers.

Characteristics of large scale retail trade:

(i) It deals in a variety of goods of daily need and makes these goods available to the customers at their convenience. 

(ii) It purchases goods in bulk directly from the producers, thus avoiding middlemen in the process of purchase of goods. 

(iii) It provides service to a large number of customers. 

(iv) The size of these shops/stores is comparatively bigger than the local retail shops/ stores. 

(v) It requires huge capital investment to start and run the business. 

(vi) It generally sells goods to the customers on cash basis.

Importance of personal selling to the consumers: 

(i) Personal selling provides an opportunity to the consumers to know about new products introduced in the market. Thus, it informs and educates the consumers about new products. 

(ii) The sellers demonstrate the product before the prospective buyers and explain the use and utility of the products. Hence, customers come to know about the use of new products in the market. 

(iii) Personal selling also guides customers in selecting goods best suited to their requirements and taste as it involves face-to-face communication. 

(iv) Personal selling gives an opportunity to the customers to put forward their complaints and difficulties in using the product and get the solution immediately.

Exchange Scheme: It refers to offering exchange of old product for a new product at a price less than the original price of the new product. This is useful for drawing attention to product improvement. ‘Bring your old mixer-cum-juicer and exchange it for a new one just by paying ` 500’ or ‘Exchange your old car with a new car’ are various popular examples of exchangescheme.

Coupons: Sometimes, coupons are issued by manufacturers either in the packet of a product or through an advertisement printed in the newspaper or magazine or through mail. These coupons can be presented to the retailer while buying the product. The holder of the coupon gets the product at a discount. For example, you might have come across coupons like, ‘show this and get ` 15 off on purchase of 5 kg. pack of Atta of a particular brand’. The reduced price under this scheme attracts the attention of the prospective customers towards new or improved products. 

Steps of the selling procedure: 

(i) Enquiry from the intending buyer 

(ii) Providing quotation to the intending buyers 

(iii) Receipt of order from the buyer 

(iv) Execution of the order 

(v) Invoicing 

(vi) Opening customer’s account

(vii) Dispatch of the goods 

(viii) Delivery of goods to the buyer 

(ix) Receipt of payment and settlement of accounts 

(x) Rectification of errors

Telephone (both basic and mobile) have become the lifeline of the modern day communication process. Each and every organisation depends on telephone for their daily routine business activities .Today most of the transactions in many organisations are undertaken telephone tally. Another dimension to it is added by smart phones which can be used for email etc.