100525 + Interview Questions in GENERAL QA IN GENERAL AWARENESS

1.	Identify the soil type from the hints given a. Generally fertile and dark brown or black in colour b. Seen on river banks and coastal plains. c. Dry and salty d. Formed by the disintegration of igneous rocks called basalt. e. Soil with iron content f. Soil formed in monsoon climatic region.
Answer» a. Mountain soil b. Alluvial soil c. Desert soil d. Black soil e. Red soil f. Laterite soil

1.

Identify the soil type from the hints given a. Generally fertile and dark brown or black in colour b. Seen on river banks and coastal plains. c. Dry and salty d. Formed by the disintegration of igneous rocks called basalt. e. Soil with iron content f. Soil formed in monsoon climatic region.

Answer»

a. Mountain soil

b. Alluvial soil

c. Desert soil

d. Black soil

e. Red soil

f. Laterite soil

Discussion

2.	A fertile agricultural soil appears deep coloured at the surface as compared to soil one metre down. The reason for colour of top soil isA. More moistureB. Rich in organic matterC. Rich in iron, calcium and magnesiumD. Recent formation
Answer» Correct Answer - B (B) A fertile agricultural soil appears deep coloured at the surface as compared to soil one metre down. The reason for colour of top soil is rich in organic matter.

Discussion

3.	Diurnal change in flower & leafs is known as(1) Nyctinasty or sleep movement (2) Haptonasty (3) Photonasty (4) None
Answer» (1) Nyctinasty or sleep movement

Discussion

4.	Explain why transition elements have manuy irregularties in their electronic configuration.
Answer» In the transition elements, the `(n-1)` d subshell and ns subshell have very small difference in energy. The incoming electron may enter into ns or `(n-1)` di subshell. Hence, they show irregularities in their electronic configuration.

Discussion

5.	Which one of the plant growth regulators would you use if you are asked to: 1. Induce rooting in a twig 2. Quickly ripen a fruit 3. Delay leaf senescence 4. ‘bolt’ a rosette plant 5. Induce immediate stomatal closure in leaves.
Answer» 1. auxin 2. ethylene 3. cytokinin 4. gibberellins 5. ABA

5.

Which one of the plant growth regulators would you use if you are asked to: 1. Induce rooting in a twig 2. Quickly ripen a fruit 3. Delay leaf senescence 4. ‘bolt’ a rosette plant 5. Induce immediate stomatal closure in leaves.

Answer»

1. auxin

2. ethylene

3. cytokinin

4. gibberellins

5. ABA

Discussion

6.	‘Both growth and differentiation in higher plants are open’. Comment.
Answer» Theoretically, growth and dierentiation in higher plants are open. This means that there is no limit to the ‘extent a plant part can grow. But it is more correct to say that development and differentiation is open in higher plants. Once a cell loses its capacity to divide then it differentiates. Differentiation is the process by which a particular plant starts doing the job it is meant to do. For example, the job of a leaf is to make food for plant. Sometimes environment or a particular phase of growth can dictate a particular part to behave differently. This is the phase when re-differentiation occurs and the plant part takes on a new role. Thus, it can be said that development and differentiation are open to change under the given environmental conditions and demands of those conditions.

6.

‘Both growth and differentiation in higher plants are open’. Comment.

Answer»

Theoretically, growth and dierentiation in higher plants are open. This means that there is no limit to the ‘extent a plant part can grow. But it is more correct to say that development and differentiation is open in higher plants. Once a cell loses its capacity to divide then it differentiates.

Differentiation is the process by which a particular plant starts doing the job it is meant to do.

For example, the job of a leaf is to make food for plant. Sometimes environment or a particular phase of growth can dictate a particular part to behave differently. This is the phase when re-differentiation occurs and the plant part takes on a new role. Thus, it can be said that development and differentiation are open to change under the given environmental conditions and demands of those conditions.

Discussion

7.	Which one of the plant growth regulators would you use if you are asked to: 1. induce rooting in a twig 2. quickly ripen a fruit 3. delay leaf senescence 4. induce growth in axillary buds 5. ‘bolt’ a rosette plant 6. induce immediate stomatal closure in leaves
Answer» 1. Auxins 2. Ethylene 3. Cytokinins 4. Auxins 5. Gibberellins 6. Abscisic Acid

7.

Which one of the plant growth regulators would you use if you are asked to: 1. induce rooting in a twig 2. quickly ripen a fruit 3. delay leaf senescence 4. induce growth in axillary buds 5. ‘bolt’ a rosette plant 6. induce immediate stomatal closure in leaves

Answer»

1. Auxins

2. Ethylene

3. Cytokinins

4. Auxins

5. Gibberellins

6. Abscisic Acid

Discussion

8.	What would be expected to happen if: 1. GA is applied to rice seedlings2. dividing cells stop differentiating 3. a rotten fruit gets mixed with unripe fruits 4. you forget to add cytokinin to the culture medium
Answer» 1. GA increases the length of axis. This property will help increase the length of axis so that yield of rice can be increased. 2. When dividing cells stop differentiating then it is the maturity stage of that part of the plant. Further growth of that particular region will be stopped. 3. The ethylene present in rotten fruit will hasten the ripening process of unripe fruit and may lead to premature ripening. 4. There will be lesser cell division and culture will not grow as per the target.

8.

What would be expected to happen if: 1. GA is applied to rice seedlings2. dividing cells stop differentiating 3. a rotten fruit gets mixed with unripe fruits 4. you forget to add cytokinin to the culture medium

Answer»

1. GA increases the length of axis. This property will help increase the length of axis so that yield of rice can be increased.

2. When dividing cells stop differentiating then it is the maturity stage of that part of the plant. Further growth of that particular region will be stopped.

3. The ethylene present in rotten fruit will hasten the ripening process of unripe fruit and may lead to premature ripening.

4. There will be lesser cell division and culture will not grow as per the target.

Discussion

9.	Would a defoliated plant respond to the photoperiodic cycle? Why?
Answer» The hormone responsible for photoperiodism is found in leaves. So a defoliated plant will be devoid of such hormones and will not respond to the photoperiodic cycle.

Discussion

10.	What would happen when you grow a recombinant in a bioreactor but forget to add antibiotic to the medium in which the recombinant is growing.
Answer» In the absence of antibiotic, there will be no pressure on recombinants to retain the plasmid (containing the gene of your interest). Since, maintaining a high copy number of plasmids is a metabolic burden to the microbial cells, will thus tend to lose the plasmid.

Discussion

11.	Name the genetic disorder caused by trisomy of 21st chromosome
Answer» down's syndrome Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused when abnormal cell division results in an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21. This extra genetic material causes the developmental changes and physical features of Down syndrome.

Discussion

12.	State the composition and principle of oral pills as a contraceptive measure taking the example of Saheli.
Answer» The composition of oral pills comprises: Either progestogens alone or progestogen – estrogen combination saheli is a Non-steroidal preparation. It inhibits ovulation and implantation. It also alters the quality of cervical mucus to prevent/ retard the entry of sperms.

Discussion

13.	Explain four advantages of mycorrhizal association to plants.
Answer» The fungal symbiontin in mycorrhizal associations with plants: i. absorbs phosphorus from soil and passes it to the plant. ii. provides resistance to root-borne pathogens, iii. enhances tolerance to salinity and drought, iv. induces an overall increase in plant growth and development.

13.

Explain four advantages of mycorrhizal association to plants.

Answer»

The fungal symbiontin in mycorrhizal associations with plants:

i. absorbs phosphorus from soil and passes it to the plant.

ii. provides resistance to root-borne pathogens,

iii. enhances tolerance to salinity and drought,

iv. induces an overall increase in plant growth and development.

Discussion

14.	Karyotype of a child shows trisomy of chromosome number 21. Identify the disorder and state the symptoms which are likely to be exhibited in this case.
Answer» Disorder- Down’s Syndrome Symptoms: The affected individual is short statured with small round head; has furrowed tongue; partially open mouth; Palm is broad with characteristic palm crease; Physical, psychomotor and mental development is retarded.

14.

Karyotype of a child shows trisomy of chromosome number 21. Identify the disorder and state the symptoms which are likely to be exhibited in this case.

Answer»

Disorder- Down’s Syndrome

Symptoms: The affected individual is short statured with small round head; has furrowed tongue; partially open mouth; Palm is broad with characteristic palm crease; Physical, psychomotor and mental development is retarded.

Discussion

15.	Assertion`:-` Members of Rhodophyceae are called red algae Reason`:-` Red algae posses, predominance of `r-`phycocrythrin in their body.A. If both Assertion & Reason are True & the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.B. If both Assertion & Reason are True but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertiion.C. If Assertion is True but the Reason is False.D. If both Assertion & Reason are False
Answer» Correct Answer - A

Discussion

16.	Lamotrigine can be used in the treatment of: a) Partial seizures b) Absence c) Myoclonic seizures d) All of the above
Answer» d) All of the above

Discussion

17.	Indicate an irreversible inhibitor of GABA aminotransferase (GABA-T): a) Diazepam b) Phenobarbital c) Vigabatrin d) Felbamate
Answer» c) Vigabatrin

Discussion

18.	Tiagabine: a) Blocks neuronal and glial reuptake of GABA from synapses b) Inhibits GABA-T, which catalyzed the breakdown of GABA c) Blocks the T-type Ca2+ channels d) Inhibits glutamate transmission at AMPA/kainate receptors
Answer» a) Blocks neuronal and glial reuptake of GABA from synapses.

Discussion

19.	A long-acting drug against both absence and myoclonic seizures is: a) Primidone b) Carbamazepine c) Clonazepam d) Phenytoin
Answer» c) Clonazepam

Discussion

20.	The mechanism of vigabatrin′s action is: a) Direct action on the GABA receptor-chloride channel complex b) Inhibition of GABA aminotransferase c) NMDA receptor blockade via the glycine binding site d) Inhibition of GABA neuronal reuptake from synapses
Answer» b) Inhibition of GABA aminotransferase

Discussion

21.	Which of the following antiseizure drugs binds to an allosteric regulatory site on the GABA-BZ receptor, increases the duration of the Clchannels openings: a) Diazepam b) Valproate c) Phenobarbital d) Topiramate
Answer» c) Phenobarbital

Discussion

22.	Benzodiazepine΄s uselfulness is limited by: a) Tolerance b) Atropine-like symptoms c) Psychotic episodes d) Myasthenic syndrome
Answer» Benzodiazepine΄s uselfulness is limited by Tolerance.

Discussion

23.	Which of the following antiseizure drugs acts directly on the GABA receptor-chloride channel complex? a) Vigabatrin b) Diazepam c) Gabapentin d) Valproate
Answer» (b) Diazepam

Discussion

24.	Which of the following antiseizure drugs is a prodrug, metabolized to phenobarbital? a) Phenytoin b) Primidone c) Felbamate d) Vigabatrin
Answer» Primidone antiseizure drugs is a prodrug, metabolized to phenobarbital.

Discussion

25.	The mechanism of action of antiseizure drugs is: a) Enhancement of GABAergic (inhibitory) transmission b) Diminution of excitatory (usually glutamatergic) transmission c) Modification of ionic conductance d) All of the above mechanisms
Answer» d) All of the above mechanisms

Discussion

26.	A mammalian DNA polymerase among the following is (A) DNA polymerase α (B) DNA polymerase I (C) DNA polymerase II (D) DNA polymerase IV
Answer» (A) DNA polymerase α

Discussion

27.	Carbon skeleton of the following amino acid can serve as a substance for gluconeogenes is(A) Cysteine (B) Aspartate (C) Glutamate (D) All of these
Answer» (D) All of these

Discussion

28.	Mammalian DNA polymerase γ is located in (A) Nucleus (B) Nucleolus (C) Mitochondria (D) Cytosol
Answer» (C) Mitochondria

Discussion

29.	tRNA genes have(A) Upstream promoters(B) Downstream promoters(C) Intragenic promoters (D) No promoters
Answer» (C) Intragenic promoters

Discussion

30.	Eukaryotic promoters contain (A) TATA box 25bp upstream of transcription start site (B) CAAT box 70-80 bp upstream of transcription start site (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) None of these
Answer» (C) Both (A) and (B)

Discussion

31.	CAAT box is present in(A) Prokaryotic promoters 10 bp upstream of transcription start site (B) Prokaryotic promoters 35 bp upstream of transcription start site (C) Eukaryotic promoters 25 bp upstream of transcription start site (D) Eukaryotic promoters 70–80 bp upstream of transcription start site
Answer» (D) Eukaryotic promoters 70–80 bp upstream of transcription start site

Discussion

32.	Inducers and repressors are (A) Enhancer and silencer elements respectively (B) Trans-acting factors(C) Cis-acting elements (D) Regulatory proteins
Answer» (B) Trans-acting factors

Discussion

33.	Silencer elements (A) Are trans-acting factors (B) Are present between promoters and the structural genes (C) Decrease the expression of some structural genes (D) Encode specific repressor proteins
Answer» (C) Decrease the expression of some structural genes

Discussion

34.	Genetic information flows from (A) DNA to DNA (B) DNA to RNA (C) RNA to cellular proteins (D) DNA to cellular proteins
Answer» (B) DNA to RNA

Discussion

35.	Urine bases with methyl substituents occurring in plants are(A) Caffeine (B) Theophylline (C) Theobromine (D) All of these
Answer» (D) All of these

Discussion

36.	Genetic information in human beings is stored in (A) RNA (B) DNA (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) mRNA
Answer» Correct option (B) DNA

36.

Genetic information in human beings is stored in (A) RNA (B) DNA (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) mRNA

Answer»

Correct option (B) DNA

Discussion

37.	Genetic information in human beings is stored in (A) DNA (B) RNA (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) None of these
Answer» Correct option (A) DNA

Discussion

38.	All the following statements about protooncogenes are true except (A) They are present in human beings (B) They are present in healthy cells (C) Proteins encoded by them are essential (D) They are expressed only when a healthy cell has been transformed into a cancer cell
Answer» (D) They are expressed only when a healthy cell has been transformed into a cancer cell

Discussion

39.	Lac operon is a cluster of genes present in (A) Human beings (B) E. coli (C) Lambda phage (D) All of these
Answer» Correct option (B) E. coli

Discussion

40.	Fibronectin has binding sites for all of the following except (A) Glycophorin (B) Collagen (C) Heparin (D) Integrin receptor
Answer» Correct option (C) Heparin

Discussion

41.	Which of the following is a palindromic sequence (A) 5' - ATGCAG - 3'(B) 3′− TACGTC − 5′ (C) 5' - CGAAGC - 3'(D) 3' - GCTTCG - 5'
Answer» (C) 5' - CGAAGC - 3'

Discussion

42.	Trials for gene therapy in human beings were first carried out, with considerable success, in a genetic disease called (A) Cystic fibrosis (B) Thalassemia (C) Adenosine deaminase deficiency (D) Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Answer» (C) Adenosine deaminase deficiency

Discussion

43.	Marfan’s syndrome results from a mutation in the gene coding: (A) Collagen (B) Elastin (C) Fibrillin (D) Keratin
Answer» Correct option (B) Elastin

Discussion

44.	DNA contains some palindromic sequences which(A) Mark the site for the formation of replication forks(B) Direct DNA polymerase to turn back to replicate the other strand (C) Are recognized by restriction enzymes (D) Are found only in bacterial DNA
Answer» (C) Are recognized by restriction enzymes

Discussion

45.	In sticky ends produced by restriction endonucleases (A) The 2 strands of DNA are joined to each other (B) The DNA strands stick to the restriction endonuclease (C) The ends of a double stranded fragment are overlapping (D) The ends of a double stranded fragment are non overlapping
Answer» (C) The ends of a double stranded fragment are overlapping

Discussion

46.	Restriction endonucleases split (A) RNA (B) Single stranded DNA (C) Double stranded DNA (D) DNA-RNA hybrids
Answer» (C) Double stranded DNA

Discussion

47.	Restriction endonucleases recognize and cut a certain sequence of (A) Single stranded DNA (B) Double stranded DNA (C) RNA (D) Protein
Answer» (B) Double stranded DNA

Discussion

48.	Chimeric DNA (A) Is found in bacteriophages (B) Contains unrelated genes (C) Has no restriction sites (D) Is palindromic
Answer» (B) Contains unrelated genes

Discussion

49.	α-Amanitin inhibits(A) DNA polymerase II of prokaryotes (B) DNA polymerase α of eukaryotes (C) RNA polymerase II of eukaryotes (D) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
Answer» (C) RNA polymerase II of eukaryotes

Discussion

50.	All of the following statements about restriction endonucleases are true except: (A) They are present in bacteria (B) They act on double stranded DNA (C) They recognize palindromic sequences (D) They always produce sticky ends
Answer» (D) They always produce sticky ends

Discussion

Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Identify the soil type from the hints given a. Generally fertile and dark brown or black in colour b. Seen on river banks and coastal plains. c. Dry and salty d. Formed by the disintegration of igneous rocks called basalt. e. Soil with iron content f. Soil formed in monsoon climatic region.

A fertile agricultural soil appears deep coloured at the surface as compared to soil one metre down. The reason for colour of top soil isA. More moistureB. Rich in organic matterC. Rich in iron, calcium and magnesiumD. Recent formation

Diurnal change in flower &amp; leafs is known as(1) Nyctinasty or sleep movement (2) Haptonasty (3) Photonasty (4) None

Explain why transition elements have manuy irregularties in their electronic configuration.

Which one of the plant growth regulators would you use if you are asked to: 1. Induce rooting in a twig 2. Quickly ripen a fruit 3. Delay leaf senescence 4. ‘bolt’ a rosette plant 5. Induce immediate stomatal closure in leaves.

‘Both growth and differentiation in higher plants are open’. Comment.

Which one of the plant growth regulators would you use if you are asked to: 1. induce rooting in a twig 2. quickly ripen a fruit 3. delay leaf senescence 4. induce growth in axillary buds 5. ‘bolt’ a rosette plant 6. induce immediate stomatal closure in leaves

What would be expected to happen if: 1. GA is applied to rice seedlings2. dividing cells stop differentiating 3. a rotten fruit gets mixed with unripe fruits 4. you forget to add cytokinin to the culture medium

Would a defoliated plant respond to the photoperiodic cycle? Why?

What would happen when you grow a recombinant in a bioreactor but forget to add antibiotic to the medium in which the recombinant is growing.

Name the genetic disorder caused by trisomy of 21st chromosome

State the composition and principle of oral pills as a contraceptive measure taking the example of Saheli.

Explain four advantages of mycorrhizal association to plants.

Karyotype of a child shows trisomy of chromosome number 21. Identify the disorder and state the symptoms which are likely to be exhibited in this case.

Lamotrigine can be used in the treatment of: a) Partial seizures b) Absence c) Myoclonic seizures d) All of the above

Indicate an irreversible inhibitor of GABA aminotransferase (GABA-T): a) Diazepam b) Phenobarbital c) Vigabatrin d) Felbamate

Tiagabine: a) Blocks neuronal and glial reuptake of GABA from synapses b) Inhibits GABA-T, which catalyzed the breakdown of GABA c) Blocks the T-type Ca2+ channels d) Inhibits glutamate transmission at AMPA/kainate receptors

A long-acting drug against both absence and myoclonic seizures is: a) Primidone b) Carbamazepine c) Clonazepam d) Phenytoin

The mechanism of vigabatrin′s action is: a) Direct action on the GABA receptor-chloride channel complex b) Inhibition of GABA aminotransferase c) NMDA receptor blockade via the glycine binding site d) Inhibition of GABA neuronal reuptake from synapses

Which of the following antiseizure drugs binds to an allosteric regulatory site on the GABA-BZ receptor, increases the duration of the Clchannels openings: a) Diazepam b) Valproate c) Phenobarbital d) Topiramate

Benzodiazepine΄s uselfulness is limited by: a) Tolerance b) Atropine-like symptoms c) Psychotic episodes d) Myasthenic syndrome

Which of the following antiseizure drugs acts directly on the GABA receptor-chloride channel complex? a) Vigabatrin b) Diazepam c) Gabapentin d) Valproate

Which of the following antiseizure drugs is a prodrug, metabolized to phenobarbital? a) Phenytoin b) Primidone c) Felbamate d) Vigabatrin

The mechanism of action of antiseizure drugs is: a) Enhancement of GABAergic (inhibitory) transmission b) Diminution of excitatory (usually glutamatergic) transmission c) Modification of ionic conductance d) All of the above mechanisms

A mammalian DNA polymerase among the following is (A) DNA polymerase α (B) DNA polymerase I (C) DNA polymerase II (D) DNA polymerase IV

Carbon skeleton of the following amino acid can serve as a substance for gluconeogenes is(A) Cysteine (B) Aspartate (C) Glutamate (D) All of these

Mammalian DNA polymerase γ is located in (A) Nucleus (B) Nucleolus (C) Mitochondria (D) Cytosol

tRNA genes have(A) Upstream promoters(B) Downstream promoters(C) Intragenic promoters (D) No promoters

Eukaryotic promoters contain (A) TATA box 25bp upstream of transcription start site (B) CAAT box 70-80 bp upstream of transcription start site (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) None of these

Inducers and repressors are (A) Enhancer and silencer elements respectively (B) Trans-acting factors(C) Cis-acting elements (D) Regulatory proteins

Silencer elements (A) Are trans-acting factors (B) Are present between promoters and the structural genes (C) Decrease the expression of some structural genes (D) Encode specific repressor proteins

Genetic information flows from (A) DNA to DNA (B) DNA to RNA (C) RNA to cellular proteins (D) DNA to cellular proteins

Urine bases with methyl substituents occurring in plants are(A) Caffeine (B) Theophylline (C) Theobromine (D) All of these

Genetic information in human beings is stored in (A) RNA (B) DNA (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) mRNA

Genetic information in human beings is stored in (A) DNA (B) RNA (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) None of these

All the following statements about protooncogenes are true except (A) They are present in human beings (B) They are present in healthy cells (C) Proteins encoded by them are essential (D) They are expressed only when a healthy cell has been transformed into a cancer cell

Lac operon is a cluster of genes present in (A) Human beings (B) E. coli (C) Lambda phage (D) All of these

Fibronectin has binding sites for all of the following except (A) Glycophorin (B) Collagen (C) Heparin (D) Integrin receptor

Which of the following is a palindromic sequence (A) 5' - ATGCAG - 3'(B) 3′− TACGTC − 5′ (C) 5' - CGAAGC - 3'(D) 3' - GCTTCG - 5'

Trials for gene therapy in human beings were first carried out, with considerable success, in a genetic disease called (A) Cystic fibrosis (B) Thalassemia (C) Adenosine deaminase deficiency (D) Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

Marfan’s syndrome results from a mutation in the gene coding: (A) Collagen (B) Elastin (C) Fibrillin (D) Keratin

DNA contains some palindromic sequences which(A) Mark the site for the formation of replication forks(B) Direct DNA polymerase to turn back to replicate the other strand (C) Are recognized by restriction enzymes (D) Are found only in bacterial DNA

In sticky ends produced by restriction endonucleases (A) The 2 strands of DNA are joined to each other (B) The DNA strands stick to the restriction endonuclease (C) The ends of a double stranded fragment are overlapping (D) The ends of a double stranded fragment are non overlapping

Restriction endonucleases split (A) RNA (B) Single stranded DNA (C) Double stranded DNA (D) DNA-RNA hybrids

Restriction endonucleases recognize and cut a certain sequence of (A) Single stranded DNA (B) Double stranded DNA (C) RNA (D) Protein

Chimeric DNA (A) Is found in bacteriophages (B) Contains unrelated genes (C) Has no restriction sites (D) Is palindromic

α-Amanitin inhibits(A) DNA polymerase II of prokaryotes (B) DNA polymerase α of eukaryotes (C) RNA polymerase II of eukaryotes (D) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase

All of the following statements about restriction endonucleases are true except: (A) They are present in bacteria (B) They act on double stranded DNA (C) They recognize palindromic sequences (D) They always produce sticky ends

Diurnal change in flower & leafs is known as(1) Nyctinasty or sleep movement (2) Haptonasty (3) Photonasty (4) None