Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

• Unicode encoding scheme represents a character as a group of 16 bits.
• For a computer to be able to store text and numbers that humans can understand, there needs to be a code that transforms characters into numbers. The Unicode standard defines such a code by using character encoding.
• UTF-16 (16-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a character encoding capable of encoding all 1,112,064 valid code points of Unicode.
• UTF-16: Uses two bytes (16 bits) to encode the most commonly used characters. If needed, the additional characters can be represented by a pair of 16-bit numbers.

(a) Acid rain refers to the precipitation with a pH of less than 5. It is a mixture of H₂SO₄ and HNO₃, the ratio of the two acids vary depending on the relative quantities of sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides present in the atmosphere. These oxides are mainly produced by combustion of fossil fuels, smelters, industries, power plants, automobile exhausts etc.

1. Phreatophyte

• Phreatophyte is a deep-rooted plant that obtains a significant portion of the water that it needs from the phreatic zone or the capillary fringe above the phreatic zone.
• Phreatophytes are plants that are supplied with surface water and often have their roots constantly in touch with moisture. 
• They can usually be found along streams where there is a steady flow of surface or groundwater in areas where the water table is near the surface.

2. Succulent plants

• also known as succulents, are plants with parts that are thickened, fleshy and engorged, usually to retain water in arid climates or soil conditions.
• They are drought resistant plants.

3. Spine like leaves plants

• Spine like leaves plants of the cactus family is particularly well known for their dense covering of spines.
• Spines are modified leaves, stipules, or parts of leaves, such as extensions of leaf veins.

• Kiwi or kiwis are flightless birds native to New Zealand.
• It cannot fly, has loose, hair-like feathers, strong legs and no tail.
• The kiwi is recognized as an icon of New Zealand.

• Lentil, Sugarbeet can not be used for the production of Biofuel.
• Wheat, corn, soybean, sugarcane, rapeseed (canola), Jatropha, Switchgrass, and Palm are the seven most used crops for biofuel production.

(b) energy efficiency and renewable energy. 

The SI unit of G is Nm² /Kg²  
It's value is 6.673×10^-11  

The null point or balanced point is an arrangement of resistors across the arms of a Wheatstone bridge or meter bridge such that the deflection in the galvanometer is zero.

Option : C. gangue

Given mass ratio of O₂ and CO₂ = \(\frac37\)

∴ there number of moles ratio will also = \(\frac37\)

∴ there number of molecules ratio also = \(\frac37\)

Let say number of molecule of O₂ = x

and given number of molecule of CO₂ = 10²⁰

\(\therefore \frac{x}{10^{20}} = \frac37\)

\(x = \frac 37 \times 10^{20}\)

x  = 4.3 x 10¹⁹ molecule of oxygen

Option : C. ductility

2NO₂(g) + O₂(g) → product

Given,

rate of reaction = k[NO₂]² [O₂]³

We know that for a gaseous reaction, concentration of gaseous species is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that species. So on decreasing the volume of reaction vessels, the partial pressure of both NO₂ and O₂ increases and rate of reaction increases

Let say initial volume of reaction vessel is V and number of moles of NO₂ and O₂ are a and b respectively.

Then, 

initial rate of reaction  \(r_1 = k \left(\frac aV\right)^2 \left(\frac bV\right)^3\)     ......(i)

On decreasing the volume of vessel to \(\frac13rd\) of initial,

The number of moles of NO₂ and O₂ are remain same but concentrations are changed.

Concentration of NO₂ = \(\frac{a}{\frac V3} = \frac {3a}V\)

Concentration of O₂ = \(\frac{b}{\frac V3} = \frac {3b}V\) 

rate of reaction after decreasing the volume \(r_2= k \left(\frac {3a}V\right)^2 \left(\frac {3b}V\right)^3\)   ......(ii)

From equation (i) and (ii)

\(\frac{r_2}{r_1} = \cfrac{(\frac{3a}{V})^2}{(\frac a V)^2} \times \cfrac{(\frac{3b}{V})^3}{(\frac bV)^3}\)

\(\frac{r_2}{r_1} = 3^2 \times 3^3\)

\(\frac{r_2}{r_1} = 3^5\)

\(r_2= 3^5r_1\)

\(r_2= 243r_1\)

Hence, the rate of reaction increases by 243 time of the initial rate.

There is no change in the order of reaction order of reaction will be (2 + 3)  = 5

Interstitial compounds are those which are formed when small atoms like, H,N or C are trapped inside the crystal lattices of metals. They are usually non-stoichiometric and are neither typically ionic or covalent. 

Interstitial compounds are well known for transition compounds due to its closed crystalline structure with voids in them. The atomic size of transition metals are very large hence have large voids to occupy these small atoms.

Artificial intelligence

~ artificial intelligence is the ability of a machine to think, learn, and perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as visual and perception, speech recognition and decision making skills.

To remove the layer of MgO from its surface for futher reaction of magnesium with air.

The Mandal Commission Report pertains to reservation of jobs for  backward classes

To provide adequate campaign funds for the candidates

Preamble and Directive Principles of State Policy

(b) Electronic Voting Machine

The Election Commission is a  tribunal

1) EC takes decisions on every aspect of conduct and control of elections from the announcement of elections to the declaration of results.

2) It implements the code of conduct and punishes any candidate or party that violates it.

3) During the election period, the EC can order the government to follow some questions, to prevent use and misuse of governmental power, to enhance its chances to win elections or to transfer some government officials.

4)When on election duty, government officers work under the control of the EC and not the government.

Correct answer is c) Search box 

The principle use of definition is to understand the meaning clearly and to remove ambiguity.

Hence, option 4 is the correct answer.

In a pie chart, the proportion (area covered by each sector) is directly proportional to the angle of sectors.

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Mukesh is a child labourer who Works in a glass bangle making factory that is situated in Firozabad. Though Mukesh belongs to a poor family which is engaged in bangle making, he dreams of becoming a motor mechanic when he grows up.

Correct answer is a) Pharmacy 

Mukesh dared to dream and wanted to become a motor mechanic. He wanted to drive cars too. He took the initial step by aspiring to do something different from the family business. I think that Mukesh can realize his dream with determination and hard work.

Correct answer is b) Isolation Hospital 

The writer tells us that the bangle – makers of Firozabad are poverty – stricken. They are burdened by the fact of the particular caste in which they are born – bangle – makers. They have to continue the traditional profession. Further, the society has formed a harsh circle around them. The money – lenders, middlemen, policemen, law – keepers, officers and politicians altogether form a barrier around them and tie them in the grip of poverty. They cannot escape from it.

Correct option is B) sharp

Correct answer is c) Private Nursing Homes / hospitals 

Correct option is C) have you known

A primary key is a field that identifies each record in a database table admitting that the primary key must contain its UNIQUE values. 

A secondary key shows the secondary value that is unique for each record. It can be used to identify the record and it is usually indexed. It is also termed as Alternate key.

Correct option is D) although

Correct option is C) terribly

Correct option is A) with

The ideal quick ratio is 1:1

Correct option is C) of

Correct option is C) hastily

answer: (c) hastily

MERITS OF JOINT STOCK COMPANY

(1) Huge Financial Resources : A company can collect large sum of money from large number of shareholders. There is no limit on the number of shareholders in a public company. Since its capital is divided into shares of small value even a person of small means can contribute to its capital by simply purchasing its shares. It facilities the mobilization of savings of millions for the productive purposes. In addition, a company can borrow from banks to a large extent and also issue debentures to public.

(2) Limited Liability : The liability of shareholders in a company is limited to the face value of the shares they have purchased. The limited liability encourages many people to invest in shares of joint stock companies. If the funds of a company are insufficient to satisfy the claims of the creditors, no members can be called to pay anything more than the value of shares held by them.

(3) Perpetual Existence : Due to its separate legal existence, it has perpetual existence. The life of company is not dependent die or become insolvent. The members of a company may go on a company. The stability of business is of great importance to the society as well as to the nation.

(4) Transferability of Shares : The shares if a public company are freely transferable. This transferability of shares brings about liquidity of investment. It encourages many people to invest. It also helps a company in tapping more resources.

(5) Diffusion of Risk : In sole proprietorship and in partnership business, the risk is shared by few persons. But in company, the number of shareholders is large, so many persons share risk. Therefore, the burden of risk upon any individual is not huge. This attracts many investors. It enables companies to take up new ventures.

(6) Efficient Management : In company ownership is separate from management.

A company has enough resources to utilize the services of experts and managers who may be highly specialized in different fields of management. It can attract talented persons by offering them higher salaries and better careeropportunities. The efficient management will help the company to take balanced decisions and can direct the affairs of the company in the best possible manner. It also helps to expand and diversify the activities of the company.

(7) Economies of Large Scale Production : Large scale production of modern days is the result of company form of organization. This results in economics in production, purchase, marketing and management. These economies will help company to provide quality goods at lower cost to the consumers.

(8) Democratic Management : The company is managed by the elected representatives of shareholders called the ‘directors’. Directors are responsible and accountable to the general body of shareholders. Decisions are taken by a majority of votes completely based upon democratic principles. This prevents in mismanagement of a company.

(9) Public Confidence : A company enjoys a greater public confidence and reputation in the market due to legal control, publicity of accounts and perpetual existence. Audit of Joint Stock Company is compulsory. A company’s financial accounts and statements are published , circulated and are open to public inspection. Therefore public have enough faith in it. So, it can get loan from different financial institutions.

(10) Social Importance : The company provides opportunity to mobilize scattered savings of the community. It also creates employment opportunities. Due to large-scale production consumers get cheaper goods. The society is supplied with enough quantity of goods. Government gets income in the form of taxes.

Correct option is E) went like a bomb

Correct option is D) permanent