Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

(A) 40S and 60S

Correct option (C) Relaxin

(B) L-glutamate dehydrogenase

(B) 30S and 50S

(C) Calcinon

Correct option (D) +0.22

(D) Coproporphyrinogen oxidase

Biological membranes allow life as we know it to exist. They form cells and enable separation between the inside and outside of an organism, controlling by means of their selective permeability which substances enter and leave. By allowing gradients of ions to be created across them, membranes also enable living organisms to generate energy. In addition, they control the flow of messages between cells by sending, receiving and processing information in the form of chemical and electrical signals. This essay summarizes the structure and function of membranes and the proteins within them, and describes their role in trafficking and transport, and their involvement in health and disease. Techniques for studying membranes are also discussed.

Answer:adherence of the organism to perspiration moist skin

• Dietary cholesterol is transported to the liver by chylomicron remnants which are formed from chylomicrons. 
• Triglyceride is released from the liver in very-low-density lipoproteins for utilization and storage in extrahepatic tissues.

(D) Any chain

Correct option: (a) 2 4 1 3

Haemopoiesis–Production of blood cells and platelets 

Ossification – Bone formation

Erythropoiesis – Formation of RBCs

Calcification–Accumulation of calcium salts in tissues

 (B) Mono-oxygenase

Correct option (B) Met Hb 

(B) Anaerobic dehydrogenase

(D) Lipolysis in adipose tissue

1. Amoeboid movement. 

2. Ciliary movement. 

3. Flagellar movement. 

4. Muscular movement.

The difference between chordates and non-chordates are : 

The system which helps in nutrition and respiration in echinoderms is called water vascular system. Water enters into the body through special organs.

• Oxidoreductases- dehydrogenases-catalyzes oxido reduction between substrates. 
• Transferases- catalyze group transfer between substrates. 
• Hydrolases- Catalyze hydrolysis of ester, ether, peptide, glycosidic bond. 
• Lyases- catalyze removal of groups from substrate by mechanisms other than hydrolysis, leaving double bond. 
• Isomerases- catalyze inter conversion of the optical or geometric or positional isomers.

• Body divisible into head thorax and abdomen 
• Head made of six fused segments 
• Head consist of antenna compound eyes, and mouth parts. 
• hort neck connect head and thorax. 
• Thorax made of three segment prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax. 
• Meso and metathorax bears two pairs of wings. 
• Thoracic segment bears three pairs of legs. 
• Abdomen made of ten segments.
• Tensegment consist of anal cerci males consists of anal styles on 9th segment. Any other morphological to be considered

Spongin and spicules provide support and supports the soft body parts of the sponges. The spicules give the sponges rigidity and form to the sponges.

• Organ system grade. 
• Bilaterally symmetrical triploblastic. 
• Segmented. 
• Coelomate. 
• Locomotion by parapodia 
• Excretion by nephridia. 
• Nervous system by paired ganglia lateral nerves with double ventral solid nerve chord. 
• Dioceous or monocious

• Habitat-cold moist shady places. 
• Amphibious nature, depends on water for sexual reproduction.
• Plant body thallus – with rhizoids. 
• Plant bodies haploid dominant photosynthetic gametophyte. 
• Gametophyte bears antheridia – male and archegonia - female reproductive structures. 
• Sporophyte diploid produces spores in capsule. 
• Gametophyte alternates with sporophyte Any five lmark each

• 20-25 % of Carbon dioxide is carried by hemoglobin as carbamino-hemoglobin. 
• When pCO₂ is high and pO₂ is low as in the tissue more binding of CO₂ occurs, where as when pCO₂ is low and pO₂ high as in the alveoli, disassociation of CO₂ from carbmino- hemoglobin takes place. 
• CO₂ + H₂O – H₂CO₃ – HCO₃⁺ H⁺ 

The carbohydrate digestion in intestine.

Maltose + Maltose → Glucose + Glucose

Lactose + Lactose → Glucose + Galactose

Sucrose + Sucrose → Glucose + Fructose 

(D) intra-specific struggle

• Apical dominance. 
• Parthenocarpy. 
• Herbicide controls. 
• Xylem differentiation. 
• Helps in cell division

• The nutrients present in excess of 10 m mole Kg^-1 are called macro nutrients. 
• Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, potassium, calcium and magnesium. 

• Arthropod animals have jointed legs. 
• The body is covered by chitinous exoskeleton. 
• Body is divisible into head, thorax and abdomen. 
• Respiratory organs are gills, book gills, book lungs and tracheal system. 
• Circulatory system is open type. 
• Sensory organs are antennae, eyes, and statocyst.
• Excretion takes place through malphigian tubules.

• Parallaly arranged filaments in the sarcoplasm of the muscles are called myofibrils. 
• The proteins are Actin and Myosin.

(B) Tissue Growth Factor

• They are flowering plants and most advanced and dominant plant of world.
• They include dicots and monocots. 
• The male organ is Stamen. Which produces pollen grains; these germinate and produce male gametophyte. 
• The female sex organ is pistil; it consists of stigma style and ovary. The egg is present in the embryo sac of the ovule. 
• These exhibit double fertilization and triple fusion.

1. Amoeboid movement: Macrophages, leucocytes and Cytoskeletal elements. 

2. Ciliary movement: Inner wall of trachea, female reproductive tract. 

3. Muscular movement: Limbs, jaws, tongue.

• It helps to maintain acidic pH in the stomach. 
• It converts inactive pepsinogen to pepsin and prorenin to rennin.

• The first step in urine formation is the filtration of blood, which is carried out by the glomerulus and is called glomerular filtration. 
• On an average, 1100 – 1200 ml of blood is filtered by the kidneys per minute. 
• The glomerular capillary blood pressure causes filtration of blood through 3 layers. 
• The epithelial cells of Bowman’s capsule called podocytes are arranged in an intricate manner so as to leave some minute spaces called filtration slits. 
• Blood is filtered so finely through these membranes onto the lumen of the Bowman’s capsule. Therefore, it is considered as a process of ultra filtration.

1. Hypogynous 

2. Perigynous 

3. Epigynous

1. Growth. 

2. Reproduction. 

3. metabolism Consciousness.

• Biological names are generally in latin and written in English. 
• The first word represents genus second word represents species. 
• When written should be underlined separately. 
• When printed in English it should be italics. 
• The first letter of the genus should commence from capital letter first letter of species should commence from small letter. 

Asthma – it is characterized by difficulty in breathing, causing wheezing due to inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles.

Emphysema- is a chronic disorder in which alveolar walls are damaged due to which respiratory surface is decreased. 

Occupation respiratory disorders – long exposure to dust working in grinding or stone-breaking industries give rise to inflammation leading to fibrosis results in serious lung damage.

• Chromosomal material condenses to form thick thread like structures called chromosomes. 
• Centrioles move towards opposite poles. 
• Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappears. 
• Assembling of mitotic spindles and micro tubules.

a) Differentiation – the cells derived from meristems and cambium differentiated to perform specific functions is known as differentiation.

b) De-differentiation – regaining the meristematic property in certain conditions by differentiated living tissue.

c) Re-differentiation – dedifferentiated tissue once again loose capacity to divide but mature to perform specific functions is known as Redifferentiation.

• Facilitates water absorption from later parts of tubule. 
• prevents diuresis. 
• constricts blood vessel and increase blood pressure. 
• increase GFR.

• Cell derived from root and shoot apical meristem and mature to perform specific function. 
• The living differentiated cells regain the capacity of division.