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Concept used:

Using concept of HCF,

Calculation:

Prime factorization of:

69 = 3 × 23

96 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3

138 = 2 × 3 × 23

HCF = 3

∴ The HCF of 69, 96 and 138 is 3.

From the 9^th century onwards the Abbasid dynasty began to weaken. The reason for this was the weakening of the control of Baghdad over the provinces and the increased internal conflicts. The Pro-Arab group and the pro-Iranian group in the army and bureaucracy quarrelled bitterly during this period. 

In 810 there was an internal war between the followers of al-Amin and al-Mamun, the sons of Khalifa Harun al-Rashid. This further strengthened the division and there developed a strong powerful section of Turkey slave officials. There was also a fight for power between the Shia and Sunni sects.

The rise of the Sultanates in the 10^th and 11^th centuries was another important turning point in Islamic history. “With this, a new racial group was added to the Arabs and Iranians. Turks were a nomadic tribal group from the Central Asian grassy plains of Turkistan. Gradually they accepted Islam. They were good riders and warriors. They had served Abbasid, Samanid and. Buyid dynasties as slaves and warriors. Many of them had reached high positions because of their valour and loyalty.

The Umayyads succeeded in decentralizing the Islamic political and administrative structure. But they had to pay a heavy price for that. In 750, a group called Dawa ousted the Umayyads from power and installed the Abbasids on the throne. The Abbasid family was a rich one in Mecca. They pictured the Umayyad rule as misrule and assured the people that they would bring back-the real Islam preached by the Prophet. The Abbasid revolt caused changes not only in the ruling dynasty but also in the political structure and Islamic culture.

Umayyad was a rich family in the Quraysh tribe. The founder of the Umayyad dynasty was Mu’awiyya, the 1^st Khalifa. The Umayyads Carried out many reforms. These helped the Umayyads to strengthen their position. Mu’waiyya, the first Khalifa, moved the capital of the Empire to Damascus.

He accepted the administrative institutions of the Byzantine Empire and the conventions of the royal court. He brought hereditary right to the throne and asked the leading Muslims to accept his son as the next Khalifa. The same paths were followed by his successors. 

This helped the Umayyads to rule the Empire for 90 years. After Umayyads came the Abbasids and they were able to continue their rule for 2 centuries because of the reforms they carried out.

The correct answer is Analog and Digital signal both.

• The form of Information Signal used in sending fax and email is Analog and Digital signal both
• Analog Signals
  • These signals are continuous in both values and time.
  • These were used in many systems to produce signals to carry information.
  • These signals are more subjected to noise as they travel through the medium.
• ​Digital Signals
  • These are not continuous, but signals are discrete in value and time.
  • They can be noise-immune without deterioration during transmission.
  • They are stored in the form of binary bits.
• When fax machines were introduced, they were all analogue devices. They transmitted the scanned lines as a continuous analogue signal through the phone line.
• Traditional analogue fax uses a phone line that can send or receive only one fax at a time, and only in one location.
• However, sending an e-mail is a pure digital signal.

The correct answer is option 3.

• Central Pollution Control Board initiated National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (NAAQM) programme in the year 1984 with 7 stations at Agra and Anpara.
• Subsequently, the programme was renamed as National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP).
• To check the air quality of the country, Central Pollution Control Board initiated National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP) under which three air pollutants viz., Sulphur Dioxide (SO₂), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂) and Particulate Matter size equal to or less than 10 microns (PM₁₀), have been monitored regularly at all the locations.
• Some of the objectives of the NAMP-
  • To determine the status and trends of ambient air quality
  • To ascertain whether the prescribed ambient air quality standards are violated
  • To Identify Non-Attainment Cities
  • To obtain the knowledge and understanding necessary for developing a preventive and corrective measure

• Presently, the network consists of 804 operating stations covering 344 cities/towns in 28 states and 6 Union Territories of the country.

A. an Indian woman buying a Chinese company 

C. to meet the official and war expenses of the British 

Jawahar Lal Nehru said “India is country of unity in Diversity” .

(b) Nanomaterial

George Washington  was the first president of the united states of America.

Indian Planning system is based on Democratic Socialism 

A body of book publishers, news media, etc., not controlled or restricted by government censorship in political or ideological matters.

Principle of montage was much more than parallel action. It was the higher unity of things. Two shorts collided on screen to give rise to a new meaning not contained in individual shots.

Tabloid journalism is frequently termed as yellow journalism primarily because of its tendency to sensationalize and trivialise events, issues and people. The staple of the tabloids is the private lives of famous people, crimes, accidents, disasters, public corruption, sex etc.

Advertising (Classified, display) is the primary source of revenue for newspaper companies. The newspaper industry has been adjusting to changes in the mix of services that produce this revenue. 

Circulation number of newspapers distributed or sells in the market.

Journalism is a practice of collecting, analysing and representing the information about any issue, event or person to the public through medium like television, radio, print etc.

1.) Online newspapers are free of cost while we have to pay for traditional newspaper. 

2.) There is no hard copy for online newspaper.

Messages distributed by electronic means from one computer user to one or more recipients via a network.

or

E-mail or Electronic mail has a great importance in the social and private arenas. It is much easier and cheaper in comparison with other means of communication through the internet facility. We can send any content to the world without obstruction through an e-mail.

The correct answer is 2006.

• In 2005, the Government of India enacted the Disaster Management Act, which envisaged the creation of the National Disaster Management Authority.
• It is headed by the Prime Minister and State Disaster Management Authorities are headed by respective Chief Ministers.
• It was established to spearhead and implement a holistic and integrated approach to Disaster Management in India.
• The NDMA is the apex body for Disaster Management in India.
• It is mandated to lay down the policies, plans and guidelines for Disaster Management to ensure a timely and effective response to disasters.
• Some of the key responsibilities-
  • Lay down policies on disaster management.
  • Approve the National Plan.
  • Provide such support to other countries affected by major disasters as may be determined by the Central Government.
  • Take such other measures for the prevention of disaster, or the mitigation, or preparedness and capacity building for dealing with threatening disaster situations or disasters as it may consider necessary.

In broadcasting, a phone-in or call-in is a programme format in which the viewers or listeners are invited to air their live comments by telephone, usually in respect of a specific topic selected for discussion on the day of the broadcast.

An analogue signal is any continuous signal for which the time varying feature of the signal is a representation of some other time varying quantity, i.e. analogous to another time varying signal.

Blogs are websites or parts of them maintained by individuals. They are expected to make regular contributions to the blog and these contributions are in various audio-visual forms. Blogs vary in form and content depending upon themes and primary audience they sometimes may be aiming at.

Press Trust of India