Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

[Hint : (i) Because they are not metabolized by body and excreted from the body in urine unchanged.
(ii) Aspartame.
(iii) Because it is unstable at cooking temperature.]

[Hint : (i) Terfenadine is antihistamine other three are used as tranquilizers.
(ii) Chloramphenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic. Other three have antiseptic properties.
(iii) Sodium benzoate is a food preservative. Other three are artificial sweetners.]

1. 10C₄ = \(\frac{10 \times 9 \times 8 \times 7}{1 \times 2 \times 3 \times 4} \) = 10 × 3 × 7 = 210

2. 21C₃ = \(\frac{21 \times 20 \times 19}{1 \times 2 \times 3}\) = 7 × 10 × 19 = 1330

3. 19C₁₅ = \(\frac{19 \times 18 \times 17 \times 16}{1 \times 2 \times 3 \times 4}\) = 19 × 3 × 17 × 4 = 3876

4. 31C₂₉ = \(\frac{31 \times 30}{1 \times 2}\) = 465.

Collenchyma Has Four Major Types

• Tangential Collenchyma (Cells are thickened at the tangential face of the cell wall and arranged into lined up rows)

• Lacunar Collenchyma (it has space within the cells)

• Angular Collenchyma (intercellular contact points are thickened)

• Annular Collenchyma (cells walls are thickened uniformly)

Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells. This takes place through a pilus. It is a parasexual mode of reproduction in bacteria.

For prevention of sexually transmitted diseases following actions should be opted:– 

(i) Avoid sex with unknown partner/multiple partners. 

(ii) Always use condoms during coitus. 

(iii) In case of doubt, should go to a qualified doctor for early detection and get complete treatment if diagnosed with disease.

The rate of synthesis of organic matter, or biomass produced at any trophic level during a given period of time is called productivity. For productivity three things are necessary – (i) Rate of production, (ii) Per unit area and (iii) Unit time. Productivity is of two types– (1) Primary productivity and (2) Secondary Productivity. It is measured as weight (Ex- g/m/yr) or energy (Ex-Kcal/m²/yr). 

Primary Productivity – Primary productivity is defined as the amount of biomass or organic matter produced per unit area over a time period by plants during photosynthesis. It is expressed in terms of weight (g^–2) or energy (K cal m^–2). It can be divided into two types – (a) gross primary productivity and (b) net primary productivity.

(a) Gross Primary Productivity – Gross primary productivity of an ecosystem is the rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis. A considerable amount of GPP is utilised by plants in respiration. It is equal to addition weight of stored organic material present in body of producer and loss during different activity happens in its body. 

(b) Net Primary Productivity – Net primary productivity is the available biomass for the consumption to heterotrophs (herbivores and decomposers). Gross primary productivity minus respiration losses (R), is the net primary productivity (NPP). 

  G.P.P – R = N.P.P. 

 Primary productivity depends on the plant species inhabitating a particular area. It also depends on a variety of environmental factors, availability of nutrients and photosynthetic capacity of plants. Therefore, it varies in different ecosystems. The annual net primary productivity of the whole biosphere is approximately 170 billion tons (dry weight) of organic matter. Of this, despite occupying about 70 percent of the surface, the productivity of the oceans are only 55 billion tons. 

It is a benzoate ester, a substituted aniline and a tertiary amino compound. It derives from a 2-diethylaminoethanol and a 4-aminobenzoic acid. It is a conjugate base of a procaine(1+).

Answer: Initiates the conversion of glycogen to glucose

Glucagon is a peptide hormone, produced by alpha cells of the pancreas. It works to raise the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream. Its effect is opposite that of insulin, which lowers the glucose. The pancreas releases glucagon when the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream falls too low. Glucagon causes the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which is released into the bloodstream. High blood-glucose level stimulates the release of insulin. Insulin allows glucose to be taken up and used by insulin-dependent tissues. Thus, glucagon and insulin are part of a feedback system that keeps blood glucose levels at a stable level.

(a) Mathematical limits 

(a) Continuous series

(b) Continuous frequency distribution

(c) Class mark 

Correct option is (c) 10

a) Axial 

b)3:1 

c) Round 

d) 3:1

Inferences of Mendel:

• A trait is controlled by the combination of two traits.
• One character is expressed (dominant character) and the other character remains hidden (recessive character) in the offspring first generation.
• The character which remains hidden in the first generation appears in the second generation.
• The ratio of the dominant character and recessive character in the second generation is 3:1

Gene – Allele: The gene present in the chromosome of the nucleus determines the character. A gene that controls a trait has different forms. The different forms of a gene are called alleles. Generally, a gene has two alleles. When. we illustrate hybridization experiment, the allele that controls the dominant character that is expressed in the first generation is indicated by a capital letter and the allele that controls recessive character is indicated by a small letter.

A. TTRr 

B. TtRr 

C.TTRr 

D. TtRr 

E. TtRr 

F. ttRR 

G. ttRr 

H. TtRr

Correct option: (b) C – G

a) B 

b) A

c) A unit of sugar, phosphate and nitrogen base / Component of nucleic acid

a) Crossing over of chromosomes

b) 1. Part of a DNA crosses over to become the part of another DNA.

2. This causes difference in the distributions of genes

3. When these chromosomes are transferred to the next generation, new characters are expressed.

The possibility for the birth of a male or a female child is more or less equal. If the X chromosomes in male unite with X chromosome in female the offspring will be female and if with the Y chromosome in female the offspring will be male.

The possibility for the birth of a male or a female child is more or less equal. If the X chromosomes in male unite with X chromosome in female the offspring will be female and if with the Y chromosome In female the offspring will be male.

a) DNA unwinds ↓

RNA Is synthesized ↓

RNA comes out through nuclear membrane. ↓

RNA combines with ribosome ↓

Different amino acids are formed. ↓

Protein molecule is formed 

b) Protein synthesis or gene action

• No, it is wrong to blame the mother
• The possibility of the birth of male or female child is equal.
• The gender of the child is determined by the XY chromosome of the father.

a) C, A, B 

b) 1. Part of a DNA crosses Over to become the part of another DNA. 

2. This causes difference in the distributions of genes. 

3. When these chromosomes are transferred to the next generation, new characters are expressed.

No. In male and female, there is not any difference in the number of chromosomes. In men and women 46 chromosomes are present.

Males have 2 types of sex chromosomes. (X, Y) Females have only one type of sex chromosome (X, X) Sex determination is based on the type of male gamete that fuses with the egg. If the male gamete with Y chromosome fuses with the egg, then male child is born, if the male gamete with X chromosome fuses with the egg, then female child is born.

A – Cell 

B – Nucleus 

C – Chromosome 

D – DNA

A. ggww 

B. GW 

C. Green colored round seed

a) Green 

b) Alleles in parental plant – G, G Allele in the first generation – G, g 

c) Different forms of a gene

Male: 44 + XY.

A) tt 

B) t 

C) Tt 

D) dwarf

(d) All of these