Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

1) Points - Highly populated areas 

- northern plains, coastal regions 

- examples, urban areas 

- sparsely populated regions 

- North east, north-west, remote places, forested regions 

- medium populated – Narmada valley,

2) Points - list of items to be taken together 

- maps of where we are going 

- questionnaire as per the aim of visit 

- means of travelling

3) Points - Preference for male child 

- ignorance of nutrition with respect to girls 

- higher deaths during maternity phase

4) Points - coasts in the northern and eastern part 

- total length - about 7400 km. 

- high population 

- industries, urban areas 

Correct option: B. Mining Engineer

As per SEBI Regulations on Mutual Funds, an investor is entitled to:

1. Receive Unit certificates or statements of accounts confirming your title within 6 weeks from the date your request for a unit certificate is received by the Mutual Fund. 

2. Receive information about the investment policies, investment objectives, financial position and general affairs of the scheme. 

3. Receive dividend within 30 days of their declaration and receive the redemption or repurchase proceeds within 10 days from the date of redemption or repurchase. 

4. The trustees shall be bound to make such disclosures to the unit holders as are essential in order to keep them informed about any information, which may have an adverse bearing on their investments. 

5. 75% of the unit holders with the prior approval of SEBI can terminate the AMC of the fund.

Dividend yield gives the relationship between the current price of a stock and the dividend paid by its’ issuing company during the last 12 months. It is calculated by aggregating past year’s dividend and dividing it by the current stock price

1. Owner’s Funds: Owner’s funds mean funds which are provided by the owner of the enterprises who may be an individual, or partners or shareholders of a company.

The profits reinvested in the business (ploughing back of profit or retained earnings) come under owner’s funds. These funds are not required to be refunded during the life time of business enterprise. It provides the owner the right to control the management of the enterprise.

2. Borrowed Funds: The term ‘borrowed funds’ denotes the funds raised through loans or borrowings. For example debentures, loans from banks and financial institutions, public deposits, trade credit, lease financing, commercial papers, factoring, etc., represent borrowed funds.

1. These borrowed sources of funds provide specific period before which the fund is to be returned.

2. Borrower is under legal obligation to pay interest at given rate at regular intervals to the lender. 

3. Generally borrowed funds are obtained on the security of certain assets like bonds, land, building, stock, vehicles, machinery, documents of title to the goods, and the like.

1. Right to take part in business: Every partner has a right to take part in the management of the business. 

2. Right to be consultant: Every partner has the right to be consulted in all the matters concerning the firm. The decision of the majority will prevail in all the routine matters. 

3. Right of access to books, record and document: Every partner has the right of access to all records and books of accounts, and to examine and copy them.

4. Right to share profit: Every partner is entitled to share the profits in the agreed ratio. If no profit – sharing ratio is specified in the deed, they must be shared equally. 

5. Right to receive interest: A partner has the right to receive interest on loans advanced by him to the firm at the agreed rate, and where no rate is stipulated, interest @ 6% p.a. allowed.

(c) Equity shares

Contents of Articles of Association (AOA):

1. Amount of shares, capital, value and type of shares. 

2. Rights of each class of shareholders regarding voting, dividend, return of capital 

3. Rules regarding issue of shares and debentures 

4. Procedures as well as regulations in respect of making calls on shares 

5. Manner of transfer of shares

6. Declaration of dividends 

7. Borrowing powers of the company 

8. Rules regarding the appointment, remuneration, removal of directors 

9. Procedure for conducting proxy, quorum, meetings, etc. 

10. Procedures concerning keeping of books and audits 

11. Seal of the company 

12. Procedures regarding the winding up of the company.

Arbitration is an alternative dispute resolution mechanism provided by a stock exchange for resolving disputes between the trading members and their clients in respect of trades done on the exchange.

Global Depository Receipt (GDR) is an instrument in which a company located in domestic country issues one or more of its shares or convertibles bonds outside the domestic country.

Advantages of Global depository receipts are :

• GDR provides access to foreign capital markets.
• A company can get itself registered on an overseas stock exchange or over the counter and its shares can be traded in more than one currency.
• GDR expands the global presence of the company which helps in getting international attention and coverage.
• GDR are liquid in nature as they are based on demand and supply which can be regulated.
• The valuation of shares in the domestic market increase, on listing in the international market.
• GDR can be freely transferred.

Rights of Partners; 

1. Right to take part in business: Every partner has a right to take part in the management of the business. 

2. Right to consult: Every partner has the right to consult in all the matters concerning the firm.

3. Right to share profit: Every partner is entitled to share the profits in the agreed ratio. If no ratio is specified in the deed, the profit must be shared equally.

1. Easy Formation: No legal formalities are required to initiate a sole trading concern. Any person capable of entering into a contract can start it, provided he has the necessary resources for it.

2. Incentive to Work hard: There is a direct relationship between effort and reward. The fact that the entire profit can be taken by himself without sharing with anybody else induces him to work ceaselessly. 

3. Small Capital: Small capital is an important as well as specific advantage of sole proprietorship. Sole proprietor can start business with small capital. 

4. Credit Standing: Since his private properties are held liable for satisfying business debts, he can get more financial assistance from others.

5. Personal Contact with the Customers: Since sole proprietor knows each and every customer individually he can supply goods according to their taste and preferences. Thus he can cultivate personal relationship with the customers.

6. Flexibility: The sole trader can easily adjust himself to the changing requirements of his business.

Prospectus- A prospectus is basically a formal and legal document issued by a body corporate which acts for inviting offers from the public for subscription or purchase of any securities. Every public company is entitled to issue the prospectus for its shares or debentures.

Contents of a prospectus:

1. Address of the registered office of the company.

2. Name and address of company secretary, auditors, bankers, underwriters etc.

3. Dates of the opening and closing of the issue.

4. Declaration about the issue of allotment letters and refunds within the prescribed time.

5. A statement by the board of directors about the separate bank account where all monies received out of shares issued are to be transferred.

6. Details about underwriting of the issue.

7. Consent of directors, auditors, bankers to the issue, expert’s opinion if any. 

8. The authority for the issue and the details of the resolution passed therefore. 

9. Procedure and time schedule for allotment and issue of securities. 

10. Capital structure of the company. 

11. Main objects and present business of the company and its location. 

12. Main object of public offer and terms of the present issue.

Balance of payments help in framing monetary, fiscal and trade policies of country. Government keenly observes balance of payment position of its important trade partners in making policy decisions. It reveals whether a country produces enough economic output to pay for its growth.

1. Name Clause: The name clause requires you to state the legal and recognized name of the company. You are allowed to register a company name only if it does not bear any similarities with the name of an existing company.

2. Situation Clause: The registered office clause requires you to show the physical location of the registered office of the company. You are required to keep all the company registers in this office in addition to using the office in handling all the outgoing and incoming communication correspondence. 

3. Objective Clause: The objective clause requires you to summarize the main objectives for establishing the company with reference to the requirements for shareholding and use of financial resources.

You also need to state ancillary objectives; that is, those objectives that are required to facilitate the achievement of the main objectives.

4. Liability Clause: The liability clause requires you to state the extent to which shareholders of the company are liable to the debt obligations of the company in the event of the company dissolving.

You should show that shareholders are liable only their shareholding and/or to their commitment to contribute to the dissolution costs upon liquidation of a company limited by guarantee.

5. Capital Clause: The capital clause requires you to state the company’s authorized share capital, the ’ different categories of shares and the nominal value (the minimum value per share) of the shares. You are also required to list the company’s assets under this clause.

6. Association Clause: The association clause confirms that shareholders bound by the MOA are willingly associating and forming a company. You require seven members to sign an MOA for a public company and not less than two people for a MOA of a private company. You must conduct the signing in the presence of witness who must also append his signature.

(c) Prospectus

Social divisions affect politics in both negative and positive ways: 

Negative ways: 

(i) In Northern Ireland, there has been a violent and bitter ethno-political conflict for many years. Northern Ireland population was divided into Protestant (53%) and Roman Catholics (44%). The Catholics were represented by Nationalist parties who wanted to be unified with the Republic of Ireland. In contrast Protestants were represented by Unionists who wanted to remain with the U.K. Hundreds of civilians, militants and security forces were killed in the fight between unionists and nationalists. 

(ii) Disintegration of Yugoslavia into six independent countries due to ethnic and religious differences is another example. 

Positive ways: 

Every expression of social division in politics does not lead to disasters because wherever social divisions exist, they are reflected in politics. In many countries, there are parties that focus only on one community, e.g., D.M.K., AIADMK and BSP in India.

Democracy is a form of government where the rulers get elected by the people. The government formed acts for the welfare of the people and established equality in the country.

Rights are given for the citizens so that it can be used as a tool to maintain rule of law. They are the positive limitations on the government and other entities as well.

The following points through the light that why we need rights in a democracy:-

1. It will help to create necessary changes that will make our government run in a better way.

2. It is a very important part for the very sustenance of a democracy. Without rights, democracy in a country becomes ineffective and meaningless.

3. It safeguards minorities from the tyranny of majorities.

4. For democracy to exist, rights are very necessary. Each countryman has the right to participate in the democratic process. 

5. It helps to maintain law and order when some citizens try to take away the rights of others.

6. It enables us to speak for ourselves and what we desire from our government. Also, it helps us in to choose a better leader to run the government.

7. People can live dignified life if there are rights in democracy.

8. In lieu of democratic elections, citizens should have the right to express their thoughts, enable to form political parties and can take part in political activities.

India is the Largest democracy in the world.

(i) Because phenol has electron attracting benzene ring.
(ii) Resonance and +ve charge oxygen does not have tendency to accept a
proton.

• Bao Dai’s government in South Vietnam was overthrown by Ngo Dinh Diem through a coup. He set up an oppressive and dictatorial government. Anyone who opposed him was called a communist and jailed. 
• He allowed Christianity and banned Buddhism which turned the people against him. This led to the formation of National Liberation Front. 
• With the help of Ho Chi Minh government in the north, NLF started a war against Bao Dai’s government. 
• The US began to fear the growing communist influence in the region and thus decided to intervene in the situation in Vietnam, turning it into a war zone.

• Louise-Sèbastien Mercier was a novelist in 18th century France. He described the impact of books on himself, as follows. 
• He compares himself to a man dying of thirst and gulping down some fresh, pure water. 
• He lighted the lamp and started reading page to page, without keeping a track of time, the clock went on ticking. In spite of the oil being run out in the lamp, he kept on reading. He did not want to interrupt his pleasure of reading. 

(a) Judiciary with the supreme court at the apex is the sole interpreter of Indian Constitution. 

(b) It plays a pivotal role in the implementation of constitutional provisions and procedures. 

(c) Judiciary administers both the union and state laws which are applicable to the cases coming up for adjudication. 

(d) The disputes about the division of powers are settled by the Judiciary. Hence, judiciary is considered as the guardian of the Indian federalism. 

आज का युग कंप्यूटर का युग है। कंप्यूटर एक ऐसा मशीनी मस्तिष्क है जो ऐसे-ऐसे कार्य करने में सक्षम हैं जो मनुष्य की पहुँच के बाहर हैं। लाखों, करोड़ों व इससे भी अधिक संख्याओं की गणनाएँ यह पलक झपकते ही करने की क्षमता रखता है।

सबसे बड़ी विशेषता इसकी यह है कि भले ही मनुष्य इसके उपयोग में किसी प्रकार की कोई गलती कर दे, लेकिन यह सही सूचना देने में पूर्णतया सफल होता है।

आज कंप्यूटर सभी कार्यालयों, विभागों, विद्यालयों, बैंक, . रेल्वे-स्टेशन, बस-स्टैंड, हवाई अड्डों, दुकानों तक में पूर्ण सहयोगी है। मनोरंजन के साधनों में भी इसका जवाब नहीं। बच्चों के अलावा बड़े भी इसके मनोरंजन से प्रसन्न रहते हैं।

किसी भी व्यक्ति को यदि बंद कमरे में कंप्यूटर देकर बिठा दिया जाए तो शायद वह स्वतंत्र घूमने वाले प्राणी से अधिक प्रसन्न होगा। वैज्ञानिक क्षेत्र में देश-विदेश व अंतरिक्ष के कार्य कंप्यूटर के सहारे ही होते हैं। अंतरिक्ष के संबंध भी यही स्थापित करता है। इंटरनेट इसकी विशेष देन है। कुछ ही क्षणों में हम अपने प्रत्येक कार्य हेतु पूरे विश्व से सूचनाएँ प्राप्त कर सकते हैं। चिकित्सा के क्षेत्र में हर बीमारी की जाँच कंप्यूटर बखूबी करता है। लेकिन कई बार बच्चे व कुछ लोग इसका गलत प्रयोग कर स्वयं ही गुमराह होते हैं, जोकि गलत है। हमें इस उपयोगी साधन का सकारात्मक रूप से ही प्रयोग करना चाहिए।

1.   फूले न समाना – बहुत प्रसन्न होना

2.   अंधे की लाठी – एक मात्र सहारा

3.   आँसू पोंछना – सांत्वना देना

4.   अंधा बनाना – मूर्ख बनाना।

5.   अँधेरा छाना – कोई उपाय न सूझना।

6.   अंगार बनना – क्रोध में आना।

7.   आचार करना – सड़ाना।

8.   अड़चन डालना – बाधा उपस्थित करना।

9.   अपने पाँव पर खड़े होना – आत्मनिर्भर होना।

10.    आग उगलना – अतशय क्रोध।

11.    आग में कूद पड़ना- जोखिम उठाना।

12.    आसमान से बातें करना -अत्यन्त ऊँचा होना।

13.    आँसू पोंछना – ढाढ़स बँधाना।

14.    ईन्ट से ईन्ट बजाना- निस्तोनाबूद करना।

15.    उठा न रखना – स्वीकार करन

1.   अन्त – आदि

2.   अन्तरन्ग – बहिरन्ग

3.   अन्धकार- प्रकाश

4.   अच्छा – बुरा

5.   अधिक – कम

6.   आकाश – पाताल

7.   आजाद – गुलाम ।

8.   आलोक – अंधकार |

9.   उत्तम – अधम

10. उत्थान – पतन

11. उतार – चढ़ाव

12.  उच्च – निम्न

13. एडी – चोटी

14.  ऋजु – वक्र

15.  कठिन – सरल

16.  कनिष्ठ – च्येष्ठ

17.   कड़वा – मीठा

18.   कृत्रिम – प्रकृत

19.   कृपण  – दानी

20.   क्षुद्र – महान्

1.   अज्ञ – विज्ञ

2.   अतिवृष्टि – अनावृष्टि

3.   अनुराग – विराग

4.   अनुकूल – प्रतिकूल

5.   अपमान – सम्मान

6.   अवनति – उन्नति

7.   आगत – अनागत

8.   आदान – प्रदान

9.   सामिष – निरामिष

10.  आहार – अनाहार

11.   उत्कर्ष – अपकर्ष

12.   उत्कृष्ट – निकृष्ट

13.   उन्मीलन- निमीलन

14.   उपकार – अपकार

15.   कुप्रबन्ध- सुप्रबन्ध

16.   कृतज्ञ – कृतघ्न

17.   खंडन – मंडन

18.   नास्तिक – आस्तिक

19.   निरर्थक – सार्थक

20.   निरामिष – सामिष

21.  निक्षचे – सचेष्ट

22.  निष्काम – सकाम

23.  परतंत्र – स्वतंत्र

24.  प्रवृत्ति – निवृत्ति

25.  प्राचीन – अर्वाचीन

हरिवंशराय बच्चन

खितीन बाबू का चेहरा न सुन्दर था, न असाधारण; न वह 'बड़े आदमी' ही थे - साधारण पढ़े-लिखे साधारण क्लर्क।

1. kahaniyaan

2. paise 

3. Theliyan

4.rupay 

Bleaching powder.

(a) Metal 'E' is more reactive among all the metals given because it displaces all the elements from the compounds given in the table. 

(b) Metal 'C' is the least reactive metal because it does not displace any other metal from the compounds given in the table.

(c) Metals B and E will form brown layer. 

(D) The ascending order is as follows C < A < D < B < E.

(1) sp hybridisation – BeCl₂ 

sp² hybridisation – BF₃ 

sp³ hybridisation – NH₃ 

sp³ hybridisation – H₂O

(2) i) BeCl₂ → Two sigma (σ) bonds

→ σp – sp and σ sp – p 

(ii) BF₃ → Three sigma bonds

→ σp – sp² and σp – sp² and σ sp² – p

(iii)NH₃ → Three sigma bonds 

→ σs – sp³ , σs – sp³ and σ sp³ – s

(iv)H₂O → Two sigma bonds

→ σs – sp³ and σ sp³ – s

(3) BeCl₂ → 180° 

BF₃ → 120°

NH₃ → 107°48'

H₂O → 104°31'

(4) BF₃ has an empty orbital.

During summer we should wear cotton cloths because they are good absorber of water. As  Cotton is a good absorber of water. Thus, it absorbs sweat from our body and exposes the sweat to the atmosphere, making its evaporation faster. During this evaporation, particles on the surface of the sweat gain energy from our body surface, making the body cool. Further light coloured clothes are poorer absorber of heat and would be better for summer.

Electrogalvanizing is a process in which a layer of zinc is bonded to steel in order to protect against corrosion. The process involves electroplating.