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The leaf cuticle is a thin waxy layer made of cutin and waxes on the outer surface of the leaf epidermis. Its function is to control the cellular transpiration.

The bark is the mature periderm of the stem, branches and roots. It dies and breaks when these structures grow and thus the peridermal suber formed of already dead cells ruptures.

Vascular cambium is the secondary meristematic tissue that in roots and in the stem forms the vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) of the plant. Usually the outer side of the vascular cambium produces a layer of phloem and the inner (more central) side of the tissue produces a layer of xylem.

The rings observed on a stem cross section of dicot trees are made of conductive tissues: xylem and phloem.

The main cells that form the phloem are the sieve elements and the companion cells. The sieve elements form the vessel walls; they are living enucleated cells positioned in series forming the sieve tubes. Between successive vessel elements there are communicating pores. The companion cells are located outside and alongside the sieve tubes and they help in the absorption of the material to be transported.

The main cells of the xylem are the tracheids and the vessel elements (these only in angiosperms). The tracheids and the vessel elements are dead cells that have lost their cytoplasm and only their cell wall impregnated with lignin (an impermeable biopolymer) remained. The tracheids form tubes that communicate with neighboring tubes through pores; the vessel elements do not present pores but instead they communicate with the successive vessel element through perforations in their extremities.

For the growth of the tree it is necessary to have formation of new vessels within the stem, a task performed by the vascular cambium. The vascular cambium is more active in hot seasons (summer and spring) generating a lighter band made of large calibered vessels. During winter and fall the vascular cambium produces the opposite, so small calibered vessels and a darker band appears outside the previous lighter band. Therefore two ring bands are made yearly, one lighter and the other darker. By a direct count of these band pairs one can estimate the age of the tree.

The vascular tissues of the plants are the xylem and the phloem. Xylem is the plant tissue that forms the vessels that conduct water and mineral salts absorbed from the soil to the plant cells. Phloem is the plant tissue that forms the vessels that conduct dissolved sugar from the leaves (where they are produced by photosynthesis) to other plant cells.

(d) S A node → A V node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers

Leaf veins are made of vascular tissues. They are constituted by xylem and phloem that respectively conduct water and mineral nutrients (xylem) and sugar (phloem).

Cork, the material, for example, used to cap wine bottles, is extracted from the suber of a special oak called cork oak.

AgCl can be decomposed by the action of light.

Correct Answer is: (b) 2 : 1

When an observer approaches a stationary source, which is emitting sound of frequency n_s, he hears a frequency n, given by n_s = n(1 + v/V),

where v = velocity of the observer and V = velocity of sound. 

Here, let v_A and v_B be the velocities of the trains A and B.

For A, we have n = 5.5 kHz = (5 kHz) (1 + v_A/V) or v_A/V = 0.1.

For B, we have n = 6 kHz = (5 kHz) (1 + v_B/V) or v_B/V = 0.2.

∴ v_B/v_A = 2

Correct Answer is: (b)

The occurrence of differences among the individuals of a species is called variation.

Correct Answer is: (d) The force of gravity and the force due to the viscosity of the liquid

Correct Answer is: (a) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.

Gene cloning refers to a process in which a gene of interest is ligated to a vector. The recombinant DNA thus produced is introduced in a host cell by transformation. Each cell gets one DNA molecule and when the transformed cell grows to a bacterial colony, each cell in the colony has a copy of the gene. This is precisely gene cloning.

Gene cloning refers to a process in which a gene of interest is ligated to a vector. The recombinant DNA thus produced is introduced in a host cell by transformation. Each cell gets one DNA molecule and when the transformed cell grows to a bacterial colony, each cell in the colony has a copy of the gene. This is precisely gene cloning.

A broad spectrum antibiotic is one which can inhibit the growth of both G +ve & G -ve bacteria.

The chemical nature of Biogas is methane, CO2 & H2.Methanobacteria, a type of methanogen is employed for biogas production.

Correct option is B) It was discovered by Alexander Fleming

The chemical nature of Biogas is methane, CO2 & H2. Methanobacteria, a type of methanogen is employed for biogas production.

Penicillin was an accidental discovery. Sir Alexander Fleming observed that in unwashed culture plates of Staphylococcus, a mold Penicillium was growing This mold inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus. Later the antibiotic Penicillin was isolated from this fungus.

The mycorrhizal fungi absorb phosphorus from the soil and transfer them to the host cells. They also impart resistance to host plants against root pathogens. They also help plant tolerate salinity and draught.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) get transferred from one individual to the other through sexual contact. Adolescents and young adults are at the greatest risk of acquiring these sexually transmitted diseases. Hence, creating awareness among the adolescents regarding its after-effects can prevent them from contracting STDs. The use of contraceptives, such as condoms, etc. while intercourse, can prevent the transfer of these diseases. Also, sex with unknown partners or multiple partners should be avoided as they may have such diseases. Specialists should be consulted immediately in case of doubt so as to assure early detection and cure of the disease.

(a) Abortions could happen spontaneously too.
True
(b) Infertility is defined as the inability to produce a viable offspring and is always due to abnormalities/defects in the female partner.
False
Infertility is defined as the inability of the couple to produce baby even after unprotected coitus. It might occur due to abnormalities/defects in either male or female or both.

(c) Complete lactation could help as a natural method of contraception.
False
Complete lactation or lactational amenorrhea is a natural method of contraception. However, it is limited till lactation period, which continues till six months after parturition.
(d) Creating awareness about sex related aspects is an effective method to improve reproductive health of the people.
True

b) Alcoholism

Alcoholism is the tendency in which one consumes alcohol to cope with difficulties or to avoid the feeling of sadness.

c) Cold Cream

Cold Cream is an emulsion of mineral oil, water and wax and acts as a moisturizer.

Correct option is B) getting across

Correct option is A) adventurous

Correct option is D) get at

Correct option: c. Viral disease

a) Tradition

Bindi is a symbol of Tradition and style.

Correct option: a. Bacteria

Symptoms of gonorrhea

• greater frequency or urgency of urination.
• a pus-like discharge (or drip) from the penis (white, yellow, beige, or greenish)
• swelling or redness at the opening of the penis.
• swelling or pain in the testicles.
• a persistent sore throat.

Testicle or testis is the male reproductive gland or gonad in all animals, including humans. The functions of the testes are to produce both sperm and androgens, primarily testosterone.

Gram or urd or green gram or pigeon pea

Strawberry is propagated by Runners

Correct option is E) Thanks, I haven't eaten my first piece yet.

Correct answer is snake

Correct answer is peach

The principle of vaccination is based on the property of `memory' of the immune system. In vaccination, a preparation of antigenic proteins of pathogens or inactivated/live but weakened pathogens is introduced into the body. The antigens generate the primary immune response by producing antibodies. The vaccines also generate the memory B-cells and T-cells. When the vaccinated person is attacked by the same pathogens, the existing memory B-cells or T-cells recognises the antigen quickly and overwhelm the invaders with massive production of lymphocytes and antibodies. Hepatitis B vaccine is produced from yeast.

The principle of vaccination is based on the property of `memory' of the immune system. In vaccination, a preparation of antigenic proteins of pathogens or inactivated/live but weakened pathogens is introduced into the body. The antigens generate the primary immune response by producing antibodies. The vaccines also generate the memory B-cells and T-cells. When the vaccinated person is attacked by the same pathogens, the existing memory B-cells or T-cells recognises the antigen quickly and overwhelm the invaders with massive production of lymphocytes and antibodies. Hepatitis B vaccine is produced from yeast.

Correct answer is  brown

Correct answer is orange