Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

The correct option: (d) III only

(a) Golaknath Case

(c) Fundamental Futies

(a) I, II and III

(a) an amendment of the Constiution

Given

X’s share = 2/5

C.P. of two machineries = Rs. 50,000

⇒ Profit = 20%, loss = 5%

Formula used:

S.P. = C.P. + Gain

S.P. = C.P. – Loss

Profit% = (Profit/C.P.) × 100

Loss% = (Loss/C.P.) × 100

Calculation:

S.P. of machinery 1

⇒ S.P. = 50,000 + (0.20 × 50,000)

⇒ S.P. = 50,000 + 10,000

⇒ S.P. = 60,000

S.P. of machinery 2

⇒ S.P. = 50,000 – (0.05 × 50,000)

⇒ S.P. = 50,000 – 2500

⇒ S.P. = 47,500

Total S.P. = 60,000 + 47,500

⇒ Total S.P. = 107,500

⇒ Total C.P. = 100,000 (∵ 50,000 × 2)

⇒ Profit = 7,500

X’s share = 2/5

⇒ Y’s share = (1 – (2/5))

⇒ Y’s share = 3/5

⇒ Y’s profit = (3/5) × 7500

⇒ Y’s profit = 4,500

∴ Profit incurred by Y is Rs 4500

Econometrics is the amalgamation of 3 subjects.

Heavy machineries located inside big factories and industrial plants also emit pollutants into the air.

The lesson titled ‘Around a Medicinal Creeper’, presents a few anecdotes which tell us interesting stories about Indian medicinal plants growing in their natural habitat. To cite a few examples, in the first part of the lesson the author tells us about a medicinal creeper which was plucked by Sanna so as to tie up a bundle of bamboo shoots. Incidentally, Mara, his friend, informs that the creeper has a lot of medicinal properties and they need to secure it by tying it to a nearby tree. If he does not secure it that way carefully, it will disappear because it has been cursed by a sage.

Next, he tells another story in which he had used the leaves of some plant to stop a bleeding wound. However, when he went to the doctor, there was no sign of the wound. In another incident, Mara tells us how he lost the teeth on the right side of his mouth. In the next part of the lesson, the author tells the story of a Malayali Sadhu who had given Krishna, the author’s farmhand, the bark of some tree as medicine and had cured the boils on his body. However, the next time, when Krishna went to him seeking his help to cure his piles, the godman asked Krishna himself to search for the tuberous root, mix it with milk and drink it for five days.

Finally, in the concluding part of the essay, the writer opines that Indian native medicinal systems are on the verge of extinction because of the superstitious beliefs of the native doctors who fear that if they disclosed the secrets of these medicines, the medicines would lose their potency. What the author has said is undoubtedly true because the author has given enough anecdotes which cannot withstand any logical examination.

The correct answer is the Economic critique of colonialism.

• The early leaders of the congress, the moderates, Dadabhai Nauroji, RC Dutt, GV Joshi, G Subramanium Iyer, GK Gokhale, PC Ray were the first to develop an economic critique of colonialism. This was the most important contribution to the development of the national movement in India.
• Justice MG Ranade was his contemporary and taught an entire generation of Indians the importance of industrial development.
• RC Dutt examined minutely the entire economic impact of colonial rule from 1757.

• Dadabhai Nauroji - First economist who studies Dadabhai Nauroji was the most prominent.
  • He was known as the grand old man of India.
  • He spent his entire life and wealth in forming a national movement.
  • He was the first Indian to become a member of the British House of Commons.
  • He popularized the drain theory in his book “Poverty and un-British Rule in India”.
  • He also founded the Bombay Association in 1852 and East Indian Association.

The correct option: (b) II, III and IV

(b) Judges of the Supreme Court - Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha - Attorney General of India - Members of Parliament

(b) the Cabinet Mission Plan

District Perspective Plan is prepared for five years, which identifies the needs and gap in the districts in all the sectors. The district perspective plan is a multi-year plan for different departmental projects. The district perspective plans should be prepared in such a manner that it can be breakable into various annual plans.

The correct answer is Lucknow.

• The largest school in terms of pupils is the City Montessori School in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, which had 55,547 pupils as of 16 January 2019 across 18 campuses in the city.

• The school was founded by Dr. Jagdish Gandhi and his wife Dr. Bharti Gandhi.
  • The pair launched their first campus in 1959 in rented premises with only five students.
• City Montessori School is celebrating its Diamond Jubilee in 2019.
• The school was the recipient of the 2002 UNESCO Prize for Peace Education – the only school ever to have received this award.

The correct answer is Option A.

• According to Megasthenes's book Indica - All the Indians are divided into generally seven classes.
  • One consists of the sophists they are less numerous than the rest but grandest in reputation and honor. Hence the statement A is correct.
  • As the exact meaning of genes and meros, terms used by Greek authors in this context is unclear and since the number ‘seven’ does not fit the caste system, their usual translation as ‘caste’ is disputed. Many consider that Megasthenes confused castes with professions. Hence the statement B is also correct.

• Saven classes according to Megasthenes
  • ​Farmer
  • Sophists
  • Herdsmen
  • Shopkeeper
  • Over-seers
  • Soldiers
  • Persons who deliberate about public affairs with the king

The Constitution of India was adopted on November 26, 1949

The correct answer is D (Snake and ladder).

• The concept of the snake and ladder is based on superstitious beliefs.
• Superstitious beliefs
  • It generally means a belief in supernatural forces – such as fate – the desire to influence unpredictable factors and a need to resolve uncertainty.

• Snakes and ladders:-
  • It is known originally as Moksha Patam, is an ancient Indian board game for two or more players.
    • It is played on a game board with numbered, gridded squares.
    • A number of "ladders" and "snakes" are pictured on the board, each connecting two specific board squares.
• Checkers:
  • It is a group of strategy board games for two players which involve diagonal moves of uniform game pieces and mandatory captures by jumping over opponent pieces. 
• Chess:-
  • It is a recreational and competitive board game played between two players.
  • It is sometimes called Western or international chess to distinguish it from related games such as xiangqi. 

Article 17of the Constitution had the unique distinction of having been adopted by the Constituent Assembly with cries of "Mahatma Gandhi ki Jai".

The type of government adopted by the Indian Constitution is Parliamentary

The correct answer is A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV

The Chief Justice or other Judges of the Supreme Court, after retirement or removal, are not permitted to plead or act in any court  or before any authority within the territory of India

The type of Government adopted in the Indian Constitution is Parliamentary

The Legislature of the USA is known as the Congress.

When the Supreme Court was inaugurated in 1950, 8 judges were there in the Court (including the Chief Justice)?

The original Constitution provided for 7Judges besides the Chief Justice for the Supreme Court of India.

The Chief Justice and other judges of the Supreme Court of India hold office until they attain the age of 65 years

(b) court in India

The Cabinet System of Government originated in  Britain

The Head of the British Commonwealth of Nations is the British Sovereign

Linguistic diversity.

The Headquarters of the International Court of Justice is  The Hague

The correct answer is ​Bhaskaracharya.

• Siddhant Shiromani is the major thesis written by the Indian mathematician Bhaskaracharya.

• He wrote this in the year 1150 when he was of 36 years of age.
• It is written in the Sanskrit language and comprises 1450 verses.

• It is divided into three parts namely Lilavati, Bijaganita, Ganitadhyaya, and Goladhyaya.
• Lilavati has 13 chapters and 278 verses.
• It explains arithmetic and Measurement.
• Bijaganita has six parts containing 213 verses and explains algebra.
• Ganitadhyaya and Goladhyaya contain 900 verses and explains astronomy.

• The Chauri Chaura incident took place on 4 February 1922 at Chauri Chaura in the Gorakhpur district of the United Provinces (modern-day Uttar Pradesh) in British India. A large group of protesters participating in the Non-cooperation movement clashed with police who opened fire.
• In retaliation the demonstrators attacked and set fire to a police station, killing all of its occupants.
• The incident led to the death of three civilians and 22 policemen. Mahatma Gandhi, who was strictly against violence, halted the non-co-operation movement on the national level on 12 February 1922, as a direct result of this incident.
• In spite of Gandhi's decision, 19 arrested demonstrators were sentenced to death and 14 to imprisonment for life by the British authorities.
• Hence, the correct answer is 22.

The correct answer is the Chittagong armory raid.

• He is best known for leading the 1930 Chittagong armory raid.
• Surya Sen was a leader among these revolutionaries, a former school teacher fondly known as ‘Master Da’, from Naopoara in Chittagong (now in Bangladesh).
• He also worked closely with Chittaranjan Das, another freedom fighter who led the Non-Cooperation Movement in Bengal, and a was strong advocate for non-violence.

The correct answer is "Mothde Ki Pagdi" 

• There is a tradition of wearing different types of turban on different occasions in Rajasthan.
• "Mothde Ki Pagdi" is worn on the occasion of the marriage ceremony.
• Lahariya turban of Jaipur is called "Rajshahi turban".
• Saffron turban is worn in wartime and white turban is worn at the time of mourning (in death).
• Turban is a special part of the traditional Rajasthani dress, it is commonly worn in rural areas of Rajasthan.
• To make the turban shiny and attractive, it used Sarpech, Balabandi, Latkan, etc.
• These turbans are mostly made of Tanjeb, Doria, and muslin.
• For a Rajasthani man, his turban is a symbol of his honor and self-respect.

(i) The Bretton Woods Twins - the IMF and the World Bank were dominated by the former colonial powers As a result, most developing countries did not benefit from the fast growth that the western economies experienced in die 1950s and 1960s. So. they organised themselves as a croup - the group of 77 of G-77 to demand a new International economic order.
(ii) Former colonial powers exploited the natural resources for developing nations through the IMF and the World Bank.
(iii) The developing nations organised themselves into G-77 so as to gain real control over then natural resources.
(iv) They wanted to get more development assistance and fairer prices tor raw materials.
(v) They also wanted a better opportunity for their manufactured goods in the markets of developed nations.

The correct answer is Alauddin Husain Shah​.

•  Alauddin Husain Shah, the founder of the Husain Shahi dynasty, occupied the throne of Bengal by assassinating the Habshi Sultan Shamsuddin Muzaffar Shah.
  • He was defeated by Bahlol Lodi.
  • Husain Shah was contemporary of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. 

• Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah:
  • He was the son of Sultan Alauddin Hussain Shah.
  • He is also known as "Sultan of Bengal".
  • He was associated with the administration and was allowed by his father the prerogative of issuing coins in his own name.
• Alauddin Firuz Shah II was the son and successor of Sultan Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah.
  • Alauddin Firuz Shah was assassinated by his uncle Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah.
• Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah was the last sultan of the Husain Shah dynasty of Bengal.
  • Permitted Portuguese to establish factories at Chittagong and Hooghly.
  • Ghiyasuddin and his Portuguese allies were defeated by Sher Shah Suri in 1538.

The correct answer is Abul Fazl.

• The Akbarnama is the official chronicle of the reign of Akbar.
• It was written by his court historian and biographer, Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak.
• He was one of the "nine jewels in Akbar's court".
• It was written in Persian.

• Amir Khushro was a Sufi mystic and a spiritual disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya.
• His Khaliq-e-bari, which is known as the oldest printed dictionary of the world deals with Hindi and Persian words.
• He is regarded as the “father of qawwali”.

The correct answer is Aseergarh Fort War.

• Conquering Aseergarh Fort was the last victory expedition of Akbar.

• Akbar defeated Meeran Bahadur ruler of Khandesh.
  • He won Aseergarh Fort in 1601 AD.
  • This was said to be the last victory expedition of Akbar.

• Chanderi war was fought between Babur and King of Chanderi Medini Ray in 1528 AD.
  • Babur won this battle.
• The First Tarain war was fought in 1191 AD and won by Prithviraj III.
  • The second battle of Tarain was fought in 1192 AD and won by Muhammad Gauri.
• Chandra war was fought between the last king of Gahadwal (Rathore) dynasty Chandradev and Muhammad Gauri in 1194 AD.
  • Chandra dev was defeated and killed in this battle.

The correct answer is ​the Sacred thread ceremony of the child.

• The discussion of Upanayana rites is found in Vedic literature.

• It is also called 'Yajnopaveet'.
• In this Upanayana ceremony, the child wears a holy thread.
• The first discussion of the Upanayana ceremony is found in 'Shatapatha Brahman'.
• Earlier it was a simple process, in which it was considered mandatory for entry into the Gurukula, but the Upanayana rite is interpreted as a complex ritual in the 'Grihasutra', which became subject to the Varna system in Smriti literature and substituted as bicameral rites.

The correct answer is Jahangir.

• As soon as Jahangir ascended the throne, in 1605 AD, a huge army led by Shahzada Parvez sent for Mewar conquest, but no decision was made in the battle near Devar Pass.
• After this, Jahangir sent several expeditions under the leadership of Mahavat Khan in 1608 AD, Abdullah Khan in 1609 AD and Khurram in 1613 AD.
• As a result, in 1615, an agreement was finally reached between Rana Amar Singh, son of Maharana Pratap Singh and Jahangir.
• Under this agreement,
  • Jahangir returned all the land area of Mewar and the fort of Chittor to Rana, but the condition was that he would not strengthen the fort of Chittor.

Correct Answer is Sulochana

The correct answer is ​Bairam Khan.

• Akbar ascended the kingdom of Kalanaur (Punjab) in 1556 AD.
• Akbar started governance under the protection of Bairam Khan as he was made a ruler at the age of 13.
• He was the chief of the Mughal ruler Humayun's army.
• Humayun gave Bairam Khan the title of 'Khan-e-Khana'.
• In the Second War (1556 AD) of Panipat, Bairam Khan led the Mughal army.

• Akbar was not interested in reading and writing, but he was curious and always tried to learn new knowledge.
• He was always keen to learn about the principles of religions.
• He established Ibadat Khana in 1578 AD.
• In Ibadat Khana, the debate was organized among scholars associated with all religions.
• On the basis of this knowledge, Akbar formed 'Din-i-Ilahi' in 1582 AD.
• After Humayun left the country, Akbar was born in Amarkot (Sindh Province, Pakistan) in 1542 AD.
• Akbar was crowned at Kalanaur (Punjab) on February 14, 1556, after Humayun's sudden death (due to falling from the stairs of the Denpanah library) in 1556 AD.

Correct Answer is Dandin

The three types of movements or flows within the international economic exchange are trade flows, human capital flows and capital flows or investments. These can be explained as—the trade in agricultural products, migration of labour, and financial loans to and from other nations.
India was a hub of trade in the pre-modern world, and it exported textiles and spices in return for gold and silver from Europe. Many different foods such as potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes, chillies and sweet potatoes came to India from the Americas after Columbus discovered it.
In the field of labour, indentured labour was provided for mines, plantations and factories abroad, in huge numbers, in the nineteenth century. This was an instrument of colonial domination by the British.
Lastly, Britain took generous loans from USA to finance the World War. Since India was an English colony, the impact of these loan debts was felt in India too. The British government increased taxes, interest rates, and lowered the prices of products it bought from the colony. Indirectly, but strongly, this affected the Indian economy and people.

1. There were five cantos in the original Ramayana.

2. There are more than 24000 Sanskrit couplets in the Ramayana.

3. The Vedic people had polytheistic religion.

4. Tulsidas wrote the Ramcharita Manas.

5. (i) (b) Vishnu  

(ii) (a) pleasure and pain

The correct answer is Tamralipti.

• I-tsing, a Chinese traveller, stayed at Tamralipti for three years and learned Sanskrit.
• Formerly romanized as I-tsing, Yijing was a Chinese Buddhist monk of the Tang-era who was regarded as a traveller and translator.
• An important source for the history of the mediaeval kingdoms along the sea route between China and India, especially Srivijaya in Indonesia, is his account of his travels.
• A student at Nālandā Buddhist University (now in Bihar, India), he was also responsible for the translation into Chinese of several Buddhist texts from Sanskrit and Pali.
• Before making the trip to Nalanda in India, Yijing praised the high degree of Buddhist scholarship in Srivijaya and urged Chinese monks to study there.

The correct answer is Nagari inscriptions.

•  Nagari inscriptions:
  • This inscription is present in Udaipur museum.
  • The script in this inscription is similar to Ghosundi inscription.
  • The inscription has details about Vishnu pooja in the Sanskrit language which was found by Dr Bhandarkar at the time of excavation. 

• Ghosundi Inscription:
  • It was found in Nagari, near Ghosundi village.
  • It was first read by Dr D R Bhandarkar.
  • It is situated in Ghosundi village which is near Nagari (Chittorgarh).
  • It is the oldest ancient record related to the Vaishnava community in Rajasthan.
  • It is written in Brahmi Script in the Sanskrit Language.
  • This inscription proves that the Bhagwat religion was popularised in Rajasthan by 2nd century B.C.
  • The inscription contains information about the conduct of Ashwamedha Yajna and construction of boundary of Vishnu temple by Sarvtaat, son of Parashari of Gajvansh.