Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Correct option is C) impose on

Four ways in which manufacturer can mislead the consumer-

1. Use of substandard products in packaging similar in colour, size, etc. of popular brand 

2. In advertisement, to promote the product exaggerated picture of the product is created by manufacturer 

3. Incomplete labels on products 

4. Leaflet/Labels of the product is not available in local language

Correct answer is Zen

Warli painting from Maharashtra.

Shola craft from Odisha.

Ergon’(work) and nomics( natural laws)

a. Biometrics

• Banned female infanticide ‘Abolished sati.
• Permitted Widow remarriage. 
• Prevented Child marriage and polygamy.
• Prevented marriage of girls below 12 years of age, Abolished Slavery.

Greek Philosophers furnished the impetus for the beginning of the study Of science. Aristotle laid the foundation for the study of natural science. Theophrastus, a pupil of Aristotle established Botany as a recognized science. The Periclean age produced great men. Hippocrates laid the foundations for modern Medicine. He taught that diseases have a natural origin and are not caused by evil spirits, as many believed in those days. He is known as the ‘Father of Medicine’. Herophilus is called as the ‘Father of Anatomy’.

Ptolemy believed that the Earth was the centre of the Universe. But Aristarchus propounded the theory that Earth and other Planets, revolved around the Sun. Eratosthenes calculated the approximate circumference of Earth within a small degree of error of 320 Kilometres. He also prepared a fairly accurate map of the world and he was the first to suggest that one could reach India from Europe by sailing west. Pythagoras and Euclid made many contributions to mathematics, especially to Geometry. Archimedes was also a famous scientist of ancient Greece.

1. Superstitions like Sati Pratha, Child Marriage, ETC.
2. The bad treatment of Indians by British.
3. The influence of British upon India's economic, social, wealth, administration, development, etc. factors.

In the field of literature, Greeks contributed to Epics, Poetry, Drama and History. ‘Iliad’ and ‘Odyssey’ are the two famous works of Homer. These Epics give us a fairly faithful account of the social, economic and political conditions of early Greek Culture. The shorter Greek poems were called Lyrics. Pindar and Sappo were the two lyric poets of Greek Civilization. 

The drama is the most familiar of the Greek forms of literature. The remains of Greek theatres can be still be seen all over the Aegean region. The founder of Greek tragedy was Aeschylus, author of ‘Prometheus Bound’ and ‘Agamemnon’. Sophocles, the greatest of the Greek, tragedians, wrote ‘Oedipus Rex’, ‘Antigone’ and ‘Electra’. These plays are admired all over the world even today. Euripides the third of the great tragic Poets believed that, in life people were more important than Gods.

Hence he concerned himself with the passions and emotions of human beings. One of his best known plays is the ‘Trojan Women’. Aristophanes was the greatest comic poet! World’s first great historian Herodotus, Thucydides who wrote he ‘Peloponnesian Wars’ and Plutarch known for his biographies- ‘Lives of illustrious men’ all lived during this period. Oratory is the art of making public speeches. The most famous orator of that period was Demosthenes.

Greek philosophers furnished the impetus for the beginning of the study of science. Aristotle laid the foundation for the study of natural science. Theophrastus, established Botany as a recognized science. Hippocrates known as the ‘Father of Medicine’ laid the foundations of modern medicine. He taught that diseases have a natural origin and not caused by evil spirits. Herophilus is called as the ‘Father of Anatomy’.

Ptolemy believed that the Earth was the center of the Universe. But Aristarchus propounded the theory that Earth and other Planets, revolved around the Sun. Eratosthenes calculated the approximate circumference of earth within a small error of 320 Kilometers. He also prepared a fairly accurate map of the world and he was the first to suggest that one could reach India from Europe by sailing westwards. Pythagoras and Euclid made many contributions to mathematics, especially to Geometry. Archimedes was also a famous scientist of ancient Greece.

The word Philosophy is derived from the Greek word ‘Philosophia’ which means “Love of Wisdom”. The Sophists believed that there was no absolute truth but looked at every so called truth in relation to its effect on human beings. They taught the techniques of effective speaking, writing, oratory, rhetoric etc. The most famous Philosophers were Socrates, his disciple Plato and Plato’s student Aristotle. Aristotle was the teacher of Alexander the great.

He was both a Philosopher and a Scientist and wrote on many subjects. He is regarded as the father of three branches of knowledge, namely Philosophy, Biology and Political Science. He said that ‘Man is a social animal’. He encouraged constitutional Governments. He classified and organized the different branches of knowledge-segregating Physics, Metaphysics, Logic and Ethics. His important works were ‘The Politics’ and ‘History of Animals’. That is why he is considered as the ‘Walking University’.

Answer: East India Company

Though the struggle of 1857 failed, it created a long lasting effect. As a consequence of these revolts the rule of East India Company ended and the Queen of Britain took over the reign of India. In 1858 queen Victoria of Britain made a proclamation that there would be no more interference into the religious freedom of Indians. The struggles of 1857-58 further lead to the rise of Modern National Movement. It proved to be an eternal inspiration for the future wars of independence.

D. Sanskritic Yajnas

Answer is C. S.N.Roy

A. Alexender Cunningham

Green marketing is the marketing of environmentally friendly products and services. It is becoming more popular as more people become concerned with environmental issues and decide that they want to spend their money in a way that is kinder to the planet.

The correct answer is Chloro Fluro carbon.

• The ozone layer is a layer in the earth’s stratosphere that contains high levels of ozone. 
• This layer of ozone absorbs 97 - 99 % of the UV radiation from the sun and protects the earth from UV rays.
• Chemical compounds that cause ozone layer depletion is called (ODSs) Ozone Depleting Substances.
• Chlorofluorocarbons, Carbon tetrachloride, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, methyl chloroform, hydro Bromo fluorocarbons, halons are examples of ODSs.
• When ODSs come into contact with ozone, they destroy it and it is called Ozone layer depletion.

​

• On earth, Fauna is also adversely affected by ozone layer depletion.
• 16 September is observed as "World Ozone day".

Correct option: (4) Salmonella typhi / Widal test

Explanation: 

Salmonella typhi is the causative agent. Confirmatory test = Widal test, it’s based on antigen antibody reaction.

Ozone depletion describes the related phenomena observed since the late 1970's a steady decline of about four percent in the total amount of ozone in earth's stratosphere (the ozone layer), and a much larger spring time decrease in stratosheric ozone around earth's polar regions. The latter phenomenon is reffered to as the ozone hole.

The main cause of ozone depletion and the ozone hole is man-made chemicals especially is man-made chemicals-Ralocarbon refrigerants like cholorofloro carbon (CFC), Hydrofloro carbon (HFC), propellant chemical and foam-blowing agents etc.

A biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region that is both a significant reservoir of biodiversity and is threatened with destruction. The term biodiversity hotspot specially vefers to 25 biologically rich areas around the world that hive lost at least 70 percent of their original habitat.

Example: The western ghats and himalayas.

Micro propagation:

It is the practice of rapidly multiplying stock plant material to produce a large number of progency plants, using modern plant tissue culture methods. Advantage of micro propagation are following:

(i) The main advantage of micropropagation is the production of many plants that are clones of each other.

(ii) Micro propagation can be used to produce discease free plants.

(iii) It is the only viable method of vegenerating genetically modified cells or cells after protoplast fusion.

Potato – Buds(eyes)

Banana – Rhizomes 

(i) Excessive growth of plank tonic algae in the water body.

(ii) Algal blooms cause deterioration of water quality and fish morality.

Malaria is a mosquito borne infections-disease. Malaria pathogene is plasmodium. Plasmodium spread by mosquito.

Symptoms: Fever, Vomiting and Headache.

Treatment: (i) Diagnosed using blood test.

(ii) Treated with a course of Antibiotics drugs.

Typhoid –Salmonella typhi –Intestinal perforation and sustained high fever (39^o - 40^o ).

Answer: 5-Fluorouracil

An antihistamine is a prescription or over-the-counter medication that blocks some of what histamine does. “Anti” means against, so antihistamines are medicines that work against or block histamine.

Scope of Human geography. 

As early societies become more successful in meeting their needs with in Permanent settlements.

• The rise of agricultureing activities led to more complex economic and political boundaries were created and more settlement grew into towns and cities. 
• The physical environment also changed with the influence of modem urbanized and industrized world that we known today. 
• One of the greatest challenges faced by humans today is how to manage energy resources in a sustainable fashion with our inflicting permanent damage to environment in the form of land, air, water, pollution and climatic changes.

IBC = Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) 

Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code 2016 was implemented through an act of Parliament. It got Presidential assent in May 2016.

\(\sum_{r=0}^n \sum_{s=0}^n \sum_{t=0}^n\) C_r C_s C_t

= \(\sum_{r=0}^n C_r \sum_{s=0}^n C_s \sum_{t=0}^nC_t\)

= 2ⁿ. 2ⁿ . 2ⁿ

=2³ⁿ

= (2³)ⁿ

= 8ⁿ

(∵ \(\sum_{t=0}^n C_t=C_0+C_1+C_2+....+C_n = 2^n\))

(a) Refuse storage: which may sometimes require delivery of refuse by the householder over (a) considerable distance. Where the householder delivers the refuse to the vehicle at the time of collection. Door-to-door collection, where the collector enters the premises and collects the refuse and the householder is not involved in the collection process.

(d) Radioactive waste which arises from civil nuclear activities as well as from defense related nuclear weapon activities, poses a terrible problem for handling and keeping the environment to be safe to the present and future generations. The techniques used emphasizes on waste minimization and volume reduction. Nuclear waste is categorized into high, intermediate and low levels depending on the level of radioactivity in it.

(a) All the varieties of plastics are manufactured from petrochemical based hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons, and the plastic manufacturing processes involved possess environmentally critical characteristics. The raw materials and intermediate products used in the manufacture of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) - Ethylene, Chlorine, Hydrogen chloride, Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM), and Ethylene Dichloride (EDC) — are known hazardous materials. Additives, fillers, and coloring pigments used in plastic goods can also exhibit hazardous properties.

(d) High level waste produced from the reprocessing plant is vitrified into a glassy form, enclosed in multiple barrier vessels and stored for a temporary period of three to four decades in engineered vaults with essential observation services. After cooling down in these storage facilities, waste vessels will be stored for long term in deep geological repositories.

(d) Plastics have become an indispensable part of our daily lives. Invented in 1935, they are wonderful products of polymer chemistry produced from the by- products of petroleum refining. They are classified as into two main categories

Scope of human Geography: 

As early societies became more successful in meeting their need within.permanent settlements. 

1. The rise of agriculturing activities resource extra and manufacturing activities led to more complex economic and political boundaries were created and more settlement grew into towns and cities.

2. The physical environment also changed with the influence of modem urbanize and industrized world that we known today. 

3. One of the greatest challenges faced by humans today is how to manage energy resource in a sustainable fashion without inflicting permanent damage to environment in the form of land, air, water, pollution and climatic changes.

Importance of Human Geography:

• It clarifies the societies and cultures in different locations. 
• The great diversity reflects through the fashion life.
• Which realizes carrying capacity of the Earth. 
• It helps us to understand circumstances affecting people and nation. 
• It is helpful to the planners, administrations, Industrialists and others.

The correct answer is Gumla.

• The caves of Palkot are located in Gumla.
• Agriculture is the chief occupation of the villagers of Palkot.
• Among the main attractions of Palkot are the Malmalpur and Shitalpur Caves.
• The caves are cold even in summer season.
• A legend is associated with this cave that in ancient times, Sugriva took shelter here in fear of his brother, Bali.
• Gobbarsilli is one of the most Famous tourist places in Palkot. There is a big stone Balanced naturally.
• Palkot is also known for bronze utensils.
• The district of Gumla is covered by dense forests, hills and rivers. The District was carved out of Ranchi District on 18th May 1983.

The correct answer is Tibet.

• Mount Kailash:
  • It is located in western Tibet.
  • It is at an elevation of 6,656 meters above sea level.
  • It is located near Lake Manasarovar and Lake Rakshastal.
  • It is considered to be sacred in four religions: Hinduism, Bon, Buddhism, and Jainism.
  • Mount Kailash (Kailasa) is known as Mount Meru in Buddhist texts. It is central to its cosmology, and a major pilgrimage site for some Buddhist traditions.
  • In Hinduism, it is traditionally recognized as the abode of Shiva.

In the beginning of her married life, Geeta sat with her head bent among the relative ladies. In spite of so many maids and a cook, she went to the kitchen and helped her mother-in-law to prepare refreshment for the guests. After the morning meal, she took some rest in her room. Then Geeta called all the maids in her room and chatted with them.

अपने विवाहित जीवन के प्रारम्भिक समय में गीता अपना सिर झुकाये रिस्तेदार महिलाओं के बीच बैठी रहती थी। इतनी सारी सेविकाओं और रसोईये के बावजूद भी वह पाक कला में अपनी सासु-माँ की अतिथियों के लिये नाश्ता बनाने में सहायता करती थी। सुबह के भोजन के बाद वह अपने कमरे में कुछ आराम करती थी। तब गीता समस्त सेविकाओं को अपने कमरे में बुला लेती थी और उनसे बातचीत करती थी।

On her return from Daulat Singh ji’s haveli, Geeta began to revise her opinion about Vir Singh. Vir Singh with awkward long limbs, suddenly seemed a tall handsome boy. She thought of her own marriage. She recollected that her mother had started searching good boys for her and her sisters since their teen age. The parents selected Ajay Singh for her because he came of a good family and was highly educated.

दौलत सिंह जी की हवेली से लौटने के बाद गीता ने वीर सिंह के बारे में अपनी राय दोहरानी शुरू कर दी। लम्बे और भद्दे अंगों वाला वीर सिंह अब अचानक एक लम्बा सुन्दर युवक दिखने लगा। उसे याद आया कि उसकी मां ने उसके (गीता के) और उसकी बहनों के लिये अच्छे लड़कों की तलाश छोटी उम्र से ही शुरू कर दी थी। उसके माता पिता ने उसके लिये अजय सिंह को चुना था क्योंकि वह एक अच्छे परिवार से था और उच्च शिक्षा प्राप्त था।

Raju: May I come in, sir.

Lecturer: Yes come in.

Raju: I am sorry sir for being late today. Lecturer: It is ok, but why are you late?

Raju: I missed my bus.

14th January, 2020 

From 

The Principal 

TM Hr. Sec. 

School Chennai – 45

To 

The Naval Officer 

Port Trust of India 

Chennai 

Respected Officer,

Sub: Reg. Permission for visiting the Ship – 

Queen Mary Given to understand that the Ship named Queen Mary with a collection of books of all languages of the world has arrived at the Chennai Port for public viewing, I hereby request permission for our school children to visit the ship on one of the working days.

We would be grateful if you can permit us to view the books in the ship on Friday, 6th February, 2020 at 10 a.m. There will be 15 students from Std IX accompanied by two teachers with one male office staff.

Please find enclosed the bona fide certificates and Photocopy of the staff identity card accompanying them. Staff in-charge: Mrs. Shalini Varma and Mrs. Sharmila Das.

Students of Std IX:

• Anitha.M 
• Asha.L 
• Balaji.G 
• Bharath.U 
• Chandhini.G 
• Christopher. Y 
• rthy.T
• Firoz.P 
• Janaki.R 
• Kalai.A 
• Lalitha.G 
• Leena.B 
• Mohan.C 
• Niranjan.F 
• Rohit.R

Looking forward to an enriching experience and safe visit. Kindly send us a reply acknowledging our request.

Yours sincerely,

Meena

(Principal)

Address on the envelope:

The Naval Officer

Port Trust of India

Chennai

Geeta, a Bombay-bred girl found herself helpless and hopeless in the tradition-bound atmosphere of the haveli. In the beginning she was almost lost and decided to go back to her parents. However, her power of adjustment, her education and love of her in-laws provided a support to her need. She began to take interest in the supervision of the kitchen as guided by her mother-in-law. In her spare time, she started reading books in spite of being ridiculed. She started teaching reading and writing to the servants’ children She began to take the maids’ classes by telling them interesting stories. In spite of the opposition the classes were successful.

बाम्बे में पली बड़ी हुई गीता ने हवेली के परम्पराओं में बंधे वातावरण में अपने आप को लाचार और निराश पाया। शुरू-शुरू में तो वह लगभग खो सी गई थी और अपने माता-पिता के पास वापस जाने का निश्चय किया। परन्तु उसकी सामंजस्य करने की शक्ति, उसकी शिक्षा और सुसरालियों के प्यार ने उसके लड़खड़ाते पैरों को सहारा दिया। अपनी सासुमाँ के निर्देशों के अनुसार उसने पाकशाला की देख-रेख के काम में रुचि लेनी शुरू कर दी। मजाक उड़ाये जाने के बावजूद भी उसने अपनी पुस्तकों को पढ़ना शुरू कर दिया। नौकरों के बच्चों को उसने लिखना-पढ़ना सिखाना शुरू कर दिया। उसने नौकरानियों को रोचक कहानियां सुनाकर उसने उनकी कक्षायें लेनी शुरू कर दी। विरोध के बावजूद भी कक्षायें सफल रहीं।

With the advancement of education, more and more people are realizing the worth lessness of out-dated traditions and customs. But it does not mean that the world of traditions and customs is fast disappearing. Education has enabled the people to realize that the outdated customs are cutting the roots of healthy life. This realization is a good beginning no doubt. But the next step to get rid of them is not an easy affair. These age old customs and traditions have gone so deep that steadfast decision, unshaken faith, and determined efforts are needed to get rid of them. It may be a modest beginning but talk of this mindset fast disappearing is an empty dream.

शिक्षा के प्रसार के साथ-साथ अधिकाधिक लोग अनुपयोगी परम्पराओं और रीतिरिवाजों की मूल्यहीनता को समझ रहे हैं। परन्तु इसका अर्थ यह नहीं है कि परम्पराओं और रीति-रिवाजों का संसार तेजी से लुप्त हो रहा है। शिक्षा ने लोगों को इस योग्य बना दिया है कि वे अब समझते हैं कि अनुपयोगी रीति-रिवाज स्वस्थ जीवन की जड़ों को काट रहे हैं। नि:सन्देह यह समझ लेना एक अच्छी शुरूआत है। परन्तु अगला कदम उनसे छुटकारा पाने का आसान काम नहीं है। ये युगों पुराने रीति-रिवाज और परम्परायें इतनी गहराई तक पहुँची हुई हैं कि पक्का निश्चय, अडिग विश्वास और दृढ़ प्रयासों की आवश्यकता है इनसे छुटकारा पाने के लिये। यह एक विनम्र शुरूआत तो हो सकती है परन्तु इस मनोवृत्ति की तेजी से समाप्त होने की बात एक खाली स्वप्न है।

To buy books even after he became blind.

1. Geeta is older than her cousin Meena.

Geeta > Meena

2. Meena's brother Bipin is older than Geeta.

Bipin > Geeta

From 1 and 2, we get:

Bipin > Geeta > Meena

3. When Meena and Bipin visit Geeta, they like to play chess.

4. Meena wins the game more often than Geeta.

Conclusions:

1. While playing chess with Geeta and Meena, Bipin often loses. → It does not follows from the above statements.

2. Geeta is the oldest among the three. →  It does not follows as Geeta is younger to Bipin and older than Meena.

3. Geeta hates to lose the game. → It does not follows from the above statements.

4. Meena is the youngest of the three. → It does follows as Bipin > Geeta > Meena.

Hence, ‘Meena is the youngest of the three’ is the correct answer.

Bowing girls.

Rama Mehta, the novelist of ‘Inside the Haveli’ has fearlessly lashed at the evils that flourish under the cover of tradition and customs. People living in an awakened society will marvel to read that during the reign of feudal lords, people loved their traditions and customs more than their lives. These traditions and customs are so deep rooted that in spite of our claims of better education, we are unable to put them away. The biggest hindrance in progress and development are our age old customs that we love to maintain at every cost. No doubt, the novel successfully unveils the mystery of deep rooted traditons of our society.

‘इनसाइड द हवेली” की उपन्यासकार रमा मेहता ने उन बुराईयों की निर्भयता से आलोचना की है जो परम्पराओं और रीति रिवाजों की आड़ में फलती फूलती हैं। जागरुक समाज में रहने वाले लोग उपन्यास पढ़कर आश्चर्य करेंगे कि सामन्तों के शासनकाल में लोग परम्पराओं और रीतिरिवाजों को अपनी जान से अधिक प्यार करते थे। ये परम्परायें और रीति-रिवाज इतनी गहराई तक जड़ पकड़ चुके हैं कि बढ़ती हुई शिक्षा के दावे के बावजूद हम इन से छुटकारा पाने में सफल नहीं हुए हैं। हमारी उन्नति और विकास में सबसे बड़ी रुकावटें हमारी युगों पुरानी परम्परायें ही हैं जिन्हें हम हर कीमत पर बनाये रखना चाहते हैं। निस्संदेह, उपन्यास सफलतापूर्वक हमारे समाज में गहराई तक जमी परम्पराओं की जड़ों के रहस्य को उजागर करता है।

Aay : Can I please use your car to o to an art exhibition?

Arati: I don’t think I can give you my vehicle because I need to go to the dentist.

Ajay: No problem. I will manage.