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This section includes 7 InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Current Affairs knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1. |
The header length of an IPv6 datagram is ___________(a) 10bytes(b) 25bytes(c) 30bytes(d) 40bytes |
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Answer» Correct answer is (d) 40bytes The explanation is: IPv6 datagram has fixed header length of 40bytes, which results in faster processing of the datagram. There is one fixed header and optional headers which may or may not exist. The fixed header contains the mandatory essential information about the packet while the optional headers contain the optional “not that necessary” information. |
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| 2. |
Which one of the following protocol is used to receive mail messages?(a) SMTP(b) Post Office Protocol (POP)(c) Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)(d) FTP |
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Answer» Right option is (d) FTP To explain: FTP is used to share files. SMTP, POP and IMAP are the protocols used to send and receive mails on the internet. |
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| 3. |
The DHCP server can provide the _______ of the IP addresses.(a) dynamic allocation(b) automatic allocation(c) static allocation(d) all of the mentioned |
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Answer» Correct answer is (d) all of the mentioned To explain: When a host acquires multiple offers of IP addresses from different DHCP servers, the host will broadcast a dhcp request identifying the server whose offer has been accepted. |
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| 4. |
SMTP connections secured by SSL are known as _____________(a) SMTPS(b) SSMTP(c) SNMP(d) STARTTLS |
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Answer» Correct option is (a) SMTPS The best explanation: SSMTP is a simple mail transfer program to send mail from a local PC to a mail host. SNMP is a network management protocol. STARTTLS connections are secured by TLS. |
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| 5. |
What is on-demand mail relay (ODMR)?(a) protocol for SMTP security(b) an SMTP extension(c) protocol for web pages(d) protocol for faster mail transfer |
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Answer» The correct choice is (b) an SMTP extension Explanation: ODMR is an extension to SMTP, in which mails are relayed to the receivers after they are authenticated. It allows only the authorized receivers to receive the mail. |
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| 6. |
SMTP uses which of the following TCP port?(a) 22(b) 23(c) 21(d) 25 |
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Answer» Correct option is (d) 25 Easiest explanation: Port 21 is used for FTP control connection, port 22 is used by SSH, and port 23 is used by TELNET. |
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| 7. |
Which of the following is not an application layer service?(a) Network virtual terminal(b) File transfer, access, and management(c) Mail service(d) Error control |
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Answer» Correct answer is (d) Error control To elaborate: Application layer is the topmost layer in the OSI model. Network virtual terminal, mail service, file transfer, access and management are all services of the application layer. It uses protocols like HTTP, FTP, and DNS etc. to provide these services. |
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| 8. |
The packet of information at the application layer is called __________(a) Packet(b) Message(c) Segment(d) Frame |
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Answer» Right answer is (b) Message To explain I would say: For Application, Presentation and Session layers there is no data format for message. Message is message as such in these three layers. But when it comes to Transport, Network, Data and Physical layer they have data in format of segments, packets, frames and bits respectively. |
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| 9. |
Which is not a application layer protocol?(a) HTTP(b) SMTP(c) FTP(d) TCP |
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Answer» Right answer is (d) TCP The best explanation: TCP is transport layer protocol. |
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| 10. |
Choose the statement which is wrong incase of SMTP?(a) It requires message to be in 7bit ASCII format(b) It is a pull protocol(c) It transfers files from one mail server to another mail server(d) SMTP is responsible for the transmission of the mail through the internet |
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Answer» Correct option is (b) It is a pull protocol The explanation: In SMTP, the sending mail server pushes the mail to receiving mail server hence it is push protocol. In a pull protocol such as HTTP, the receiver pulls the resource from the sending server. |
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| 11. |
Which of the following is an example of user agents for e-mail?(a) Microsoft Outlook(b) Facebook(c) Google(d) Tumblr |
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Answer» Correct option is (a) Microsoft Outlook For explanation: Among the options, only Microsoft Outlook is an e-mail agent. Google is a search engine and Facebook, and Tumblr are social networking platforms. Gmail and Alpine are some other examples of e-mail agent. |
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| 12. |
Which of the following is false with respect to UDP?(a) Connection-oriented(b) Unreliable(c) Transport layer protocol(d) Low overhead |
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Answer» Right answer is (a) Connection-oriented Easiest explanation: UDP is an unreliable, connectionless transport layer protocol that provides message-based data transmission. TCP is an example of connection-oriented protocols. |
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| 13. |
Which one of the following protocol can be used for login to a shell on a remote host except SSH?(a) telnet(b) rlogin(c) both telnet and rlogin(d) none of the mentioned |
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Answer» The correct answer is (c) both telnet and rlogin Easy explanation: SSH is more secured then telnet and rlogin. |
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| 14. |
Which standard TCP port is assigned for contacting SSH servers?(a) port 21(b) port 22(c) port 23(d) port 24 |
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Answer» Correct answer is (b) port 22 The best I can explain: Port 22 is used for contacting ssh servers, used for file transfers (scp, sftp) and also port forwarding. |
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| 15. |
SSH uses ___________ to authenticate the remote computer.(a) public-key cryptography(b) private-key cryptography(c) any of public-key or private-key(d) both public-key & private-key |
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Answer» The correct answer is (a) public-key cryptography For explanation I would say: Public encryption key is slower but more flexible. Every cryptographic security system requires a private key for private access and a public key for location. |
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| 16. |
SYNC flooding attack belongs to a type of security attack known as ___________(a) SYNC flooding attack(b) Active attack(c) Passive attack(d) Denial-of-service attack |
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Answer» The correct choice is (d) Denial-of-service attack For explanation I would say: During SYNC flooding the system collapses and denies service to every request, making it a DoS attack. Some other DoS attacks are bandwidth flooding, connection flooding and UDP flooding. |
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| 17. |
What allows TCP to detect lost segments and in turn recover from that loss?(a) Sequence number(b) Acknowledgment number(c) Checksum(d) Both Sequence & Acknowledgment number |
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Answer» Right option is (b) Acknowledgment number Best explanation: TCP header contains separate fields for sequence number and acknowledgment number. Comparing these values is what allows TCP to detect lost segments and in turn recover from that loss. After detecting the lost segments, the recovery may require retransmission of the lost segments of data. |
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| 18. |
Which one of the following is an architecture paradigms?(a) Peer to peer(b) Client-server(c) HTTP(d) Both Peer-to-Peer & Client-Server |
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Answer» Right answer is (d) Both Peer-to-Peer & Client-Server Easiest explanation: HTTP is a protocol. |
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| 19. |
Application developer has permission to decide the following on transport layer side(a) Transport layer protocol(b) Maximum buffer size(c) Both Transport layer protocol and Maximum buffer size(d) None of the mentioned |
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Answer» Right choice is (c) Both Transport layer protocol and Maximum buffer size The best I can explain: Application layer provides the interface between applications and the network. So application developer can decide what transport layer to use and what should be its maximum buffer size. |
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| 20. |
Internet access by transmitting digital data over the wires of a local telephone network is provided by _______(a) leased line(b) digital subscriber line(c) digital signal line(d) digital leased line |
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Answer» Right answer is (b) digital subscriber line Explanation: DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) is the technology designed to use the existing telephone lines to transport high-bandwidth data to service subscribers. DSL was used to allow the early users access to the internet and it provides dedicated, point-to-point, public network access. |
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| 21. |
To join the internet, the computer has to be connected to a _________(a) internet architecture board(b) internet society(c) internet service provider(d) different computer |
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Answer» Right answer is (c) internet service provider The best explanation: The ISPs (Internet Service Providers) are the main agents through which every computer is connected to the internet. They are licensed to allot public IP addresses to its customers in order to connect them to the internet. |
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| 22. |
What is internet?(a) a single network(b) a vast collection of different networks(c) interconnection of local area networks(d) interconnection of wide area networks |
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Answer» Correct option is (b) a vast collection of different networks Explanation: Internet is nothing but an interconnected computer network providing a variety of communication facilities, consisting of a huge amount of small networks using standardized communication protocols. |
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| 23. |
In computer network nodes are _________(a) the computer that originates the data(b) the computer that routes the data(c) the computer that terminates the data(d) all of the mentioned |
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Answer» Right answer is (d) all of the mentioned The best explanation: In a computer network, a node can be anything that is capable of sending data or receiving data or even routing the data to its destination. Routers, Computers and Smartphones are some examples of network nodes. |
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| 24. |
RPC allows a computer program to cause a subroutine to execute in _________(a) its own address space(b) another address space(c) both its own address space and another address space(d) applications address space |
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Answer» The correct choice is (b) another address space The explanation is: RPC allows a computer program to cause a subroutine to execute in another address space which is usually the servers address space in a conventional client-server network. |
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| 25. |
Application layer offers _______ service.(a) End to end(b) Process to process(c) Both End to end and Process to process(d) None of the mentioned |
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Answer» Correct choice is (a) End to end The best explanation: End to End service is provided in the application layer. Whereas process to process service is provided at the transport layer. |
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| 26. |
Delimiting and synchronization of data exchange is provided by __________(a) Application layer(b) Session layer(c) Transport layer(d) Link layer |
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Answer» Right option is (b) Session layer To elaborate: The session layer provides the mechanism for opening, closing and managing a session between end-user application processes. The session layer 5 is responsible for establishing managing synchronizing and terminating sessions. In TCP/IP protocol stack, the functions of the session layer are handled by the transport layer itself and thus the session layer is missing from the TCP/IP model. |
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| 27. |
What are the Methods to move data through a network of links and switches?(a) Packet switching and Line switching(b) Circuit switching and Line switching(c) Line switching and bit switching(d) Packet switching and Circuit switching |
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Answer» The correct choice is (d) Packet switching and Circuit switching The best explanation: Packet switching and Circuit switching are two different types of switching methods used to connect the multiple communicating devices with one another. Packet switching is used in conventional LAN systems and circuit switching is used in telephonic systems. |
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| 28. |
In subcategories of reserved address in IPv6, address that is used by a host to test itself without going into network is called _________(a) Unspecified address(b) Loopback address(c) Compatible address(d) Mapped address |
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Answer» Correct option is (b) Loopback address Explanation: In subcategories of reserved address in IPv6, address that is used by a host to test itself without going into network is called loop back address. IPv6 loopback address is 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001. IPv4 loopback address is 127.0.0.1. It’s a reserved address. |
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| 29. |
In _________ systems, resources are allocated on demand.(a) packet switching(b) circuit switching(c) line switching(d) frequency switching |
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Answer» Correct option is (a) packet switching Explanation: In packet switching, the bits are received in out of order and need to be assembled at the receiver end, whereas in the case of Circuit switching, all the bits are received in order. All transmissions may not occur through the same path in case of packet switching. |
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| 30. |
As the resources are reserved between two communicating end systems in circuit switching, ___________ is achieved.(a) authentication(b) guaranteed constant rate(c) reliability(d) store and forward |
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Answer» The correct answer is (b) guaranteed constant rate The best I can explain: Circuit switching is connection oriented and is always implemented in the physical layer. Once a path is set, all transmission occurs through the same path. It is used since the early times in telephonic systems. |
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| 31. |
Range of port numbers in Internet model is __________(a) 0 and 32,765(8-bit)(b) 0 and 32,765(16-bit)(c) 0 and 65,535(32-bit)(d) 0 and 65,535(16-bit) |
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Answer» Right answer is (d) 0 and 65,535(16-bit) To explain: Port numbers are 16-bit integers between 0 and 65,535. They are an interface for the implementation of process to process delivery for the transport layer. |
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| 32. |
To achieve reliable transport in TCP, ___________ is used to check the safe and sound arrival of data.(a) Packet(b) Buffer(c) Segment(d) Acknowledgment |
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Answer» Correct answer is (d) Acknowledgment Best explanation: Acknowledgment mechanism is used to check the safe and sound arrival of data. The sender actively checks for acknowledgement from the receiver and once a specific time period has passed, it retransmits the data. |
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| 33. |
Which of the following are transport layer protocols used in networking?(a) TCP and FTP(b) UDP and HTTP(c) TCP and UDP(d) HTTP and FTP |
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Answer» Correct option is (c) TCP and UDP To elaborate: Both TCP and UDP are transport layer protocol in networking. TCP is an abbreviation for Transmission Control Protocol and UDP is an abbreviation for User Datagram Protocol. TCP is connection oriented whereas UDP is connectionless. |
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| 34. |
ICMP is primarily used for __________(a) error and diagnostic functions(b) addressing(c) forwarding(d) routing |
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Answer» Right choice is (a) error and diagnostic functions To explain: ICMP abbreviation for Internet Control Message Protocol is used by networking devices to send error messages and operational information indicating a host or router cannot be reached. ICMP operates over the IP packet to provide error reporting functionality as IP by itself cannot report errors. |
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| 35. |
Transport services available to applications in one or another form _________(a) Reliable data transfer(b) Timing(c) Security(d) All of the mentioned |
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Answer» The correct choice is (d) All of the mentioned For explanation: The transport services that are provided to application are reliable data transfer, security and timing. These are very important for proper end to end services. |
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| 36. |
In transport layer, Multiplexing is done at _________(a) Channel(b) Receiver site(c) Sender site(d) Packet |
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Answer» Right choice is (c) Sender site The best I can explain: At the sender’s side, there are multiple processes which may want to send packets. But there is only one transport layer protocol like TCP or UDP working at a time. So the transport layer protocol gets the messages from these processes and separates them with different port numbers. This process is called multiplexing and it is done before sending packets to the receivers side. |
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| 37. |
A _____ is a TCP name for a transport service access point.(a) port(b) pipe(c) node(d) protocol |
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Answer» Correct answer is (a) port Easy explanation: Just as the IP address identifies the computer, the network port identifies the application or service running on the computer. A port number is 16 bits. The combination of IP address preceded with the port number is called the socket address. |
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| 38. |
If the value in protocol field is 17, the transport layer protocol used is _________(a) TCP(b) UDP(c) ICMP(d) IGMP |
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Answer» Right choice is (b) UDP Explanation: The protocol field enables the demultiplexing feature so that the IP protocol can be used to carry payloads of more than one protocol type. Its most used values are 17 and 6 for UDP and TCP respectively. ICMP and IGMP are network layer protocols. |
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| 39. |
Which of the following is a transport layer protocol?(a) stream control transmission protocol(b) internet control message protocol(c) neighbor discovery protocol(d) dynamic host configuration protocol |
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Answer» Correct option is (a) stream control transmission protocol Explanation: The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a transport layer protocol used in networking system where streams of data are to be continuously transmitted between two connected network nodes. Some of the other transport layer protocols are RDP, RUDP, TCP, DCCP, UDP etc. |
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| 40. |
A family of network control protocols (NCPs) ____________(a) Are a series of independently defined protocols that provide a dynamic(b) Are a series of independently-defined protocols that encapsulate(c) Are a series of independently defined protocols that provide transparent(d) The same as NFS |
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Answer» Right answer is (b) Are a series of independently-defined protocols that encapsulate The explanation is: The family of network control protocols (NCPs) is a series of independently-defined protocols that encapsulate the data flowing between the two nodes. It provides means for the network nodes to control the link traffic. |
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| 41. |
The receiver of the data controls the amount of data that are to be sent by the sender is referred to as ___________(a) Flow control(b) Error control(c) Congestion control(d) Error detection |
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Answer» Correct answer is (a) Flow control Best explanation: Flow control is done to prevent the receiver from being overflowed with data. It is done using various open-loop (prevention) methods and closed-loop (recovery) methods. |
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| 42. |
Transport layer protocols deals with ____________(a) application to application communication(b) process to process communication(c) node to node communication(d) man to man communication |
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Answer» Right answer is (b) process to process communication Easy explanation: Transport layer is 4th layer in TCP/IP model and OSI reference model. It deals with logical communication between process. It is responsible for delivering a message between network host. |
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| 43. |
A list of protocols used by a system, one protocol per layer, is called ________(a) protocol architecture(b) protocol stack(c) protocol suite(d) protocol system |
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Answer» Correct option is (b) protocol stack The best I can explain: A protocol stack refers to a group of protocols that are running concurrently that are employed for the implementation of network protocol suite. Each layer in the network model has to use one specific protocol from the protocol stack. |
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| 44. |
Bytes of data being transferred in each connection are numbered by TCP. These numbers start with a _________(a) Fixed number(b) Random sequence of 0’s and 1’s(c) One(d) Sequence of zero’s and one’s |
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Answer» Right option is (d) Sequence of zero’s and one’s The best I can explain: One might expect the sequence number of the first byte in the stream to be 0, or 1. But that does not happen in TCP, Instead, the sender has to choose an Initial Sequence Number (ISN), which is basically a random 32 bit sequence of 0’s and 1’s, during the connection handshake. |
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| 45. |
___________ is necessary when the sender wants to use IPv6, but the receiver does not understand IPv6.(a) Dual stack(b) Header translation(c) Conversion(d) Tunneling |
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Answer» Correct answer is (b) Header translation The explanation: Header translation is used when the sender wants to use IPv6, but the receiver does not understand IPv6. It is made possible through a Network Address Translation – Protocol Translation enabled device such as a gateway. |
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| 46. |
TCP process may not write and read data at the same speed. So we need __________ for storage.(a) Packets(b) Buffers(c) Segments(d) Stacks |
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Answer» Right answer is (b) Buffers The best I can explain: A TCP receiver has a receive buffer that is used to store the unprocessed incoming packets in case the sender is sending packets faster than the processing rate of the received packets. |
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| 47. |
Which of the following is false with respect to Connectionless service of transport layer protocol?(a) Packets are not numbered(b) Packets are not delayed(c) No acknowledgement(d) Packet may arrive out of sequence |
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Answer» Right choice is (b) Packets are not delayed For explanation I would say: There is a high probability in connectionless services like UDP that the packet gets delayed or lost because there is no connection made between the two end nodes. No connection means that there is no unique pathway for the packets to travel. |
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| 48. |
Communication offered by TCP is ________(a) Full-duplex(b) Half-duplex(c) Semi-duplex(d) Byte by byte |
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Answer» Correct option is (a) Full-duplex The explanation is: Data can flow both the directions at the same time during a TCP communication hence, it is full-duplex. This is the reason why TCP is used in systems that require full-duplex operation such as e-mail systems. |
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| 49. |
TCP groups a number of bytes together into a packet called _______(a) Packet(b) Buffer(c) Segment(d) Stack |
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Answer» Correct choice is (c) Segment Explanation: A segment may be collection of data from many send () statements. TCP transmits each segment as a stream of bytes. |
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| 50. |
When the sender and the receiver of an email are on different systems, we need only _________(a) One MTA(b) Two UAs(c) Two UAs and one MTA(d) Two UAs and two MTAs |
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Answer» The correct option is (d) Two UAs and two MTAs For explanation I would say: The sender’s User Agent (UA) submits the message to a Message Transfer Agent (MTA). Then the MTA sends the message to another MTA i.e. a mail relay. Then the receiver receives the message from the mail relay whenever it is available. |
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