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 It is the income of self-employed persons like doctors, lawyers, chartered accountants, barbers, shopkeepers, farmers etc. These persons work both as producers and as suppliers of factor services to themselves independently. Some part of their income is wage income and the rest relates to capital income. Therefore their income is called as mixed income. Mixed income is generated in various sectors of the economy. The largest part of the mixed income is generated in the primary sector of the economy. Mixed income is included in the measurement of national income.

Tax is a compulsory payment to the government by the households and enterprises of a country.

Compensation of employees refers to all payments made by employers to their employees in form of wages and salaries, both in kind and cash, and contribution to social security schemes.

Producer’s or capital goods are the goods used for the production of final consumer goods. These goods do not directly satisfy human wants but help in their production. The demand for capital goods is called derived demand. Factory building, plant, equipment, machinery, dams, canals, roads, bridges, powerhouses, etc are the examples of capital goods. Capital goods can be classified into two types: (i) Single-use capital goods, and (ii) Durable capital goods.

Capital transfers are those transfer payments that create physical assets and thus, promote capital formation. For example, investment allowance to a production unit or compensation for war damages by the government to households etc.

The actual figures of compensation of employees, interest, rent and profits relating to different enterprises in the manufacturing sector are aggregated to get the value added.

(i) Revenue Budget 

(ii) Capital Budget

Agriculture, forestry and logging, fishing, mining and quarrying and registered manufacturing.

The expenditure on non-factor inputs such raw materials; fuel etc, for the purpose of production is called intermediate expenditure. 

Manufacturing (registered and unregistered), electricity, gas and water supply, construction and trade, hotels and restaurants. 

Value added is the difference the value of goods and cost of inputs used in producing them. In other words, the value created at different stages of production is called value added. It can be calculated by deducting intermediate consumption from its value of output. Symbolically,

Value added = Value of output – Intermediate consumption

The concept has great significance in national income accounting. Double counting is the main problem involved in the calculation of national income. In order to avoid this problem, value added method of measuring national income is used.

Taxes levied on company’s income are called corporate taxes.

Voluntary transfers: Governments grants. 

Compulsory transfers: Wealth tax, estate duty.

 Seeds, fertilizers, water, and electricity.

Acquisition of financial assets abroad means financial assets or capital such as shares and bonds etc held by residents and government of a country abroad. For example, loans given to foreign countries.

1. Commercial Banks: Commercial banks are institutions dealing in money. These are governed by Indian Banking Regulation Act 1949 and according to it banking means accepting deposits of money from the public for the purpose of lending or investment.

2. Cooperative Banks: Cooperative Banks are governed by the provisions of State Cooperative Societies Act and meant essentially for providing cheap credit to their members. It is an important source of rural credit i.e., agricultural financing in India.

3. Specialised Banks: Specialised banks are foreign exchange banks, industrial banks, development banks, export-import banks catering to specific needs of these unique activities. These banks provide financial aid to industries, heavy turnkey projects and foreign trade.

4. Central Banks: The Central bank of any country supervises controls and regulates the activities of all the commercial banks of that country. It also acts as a government banker. It controls and coordinates currency and credit policies of any country. 

Banking and Insurance; transport; trade and hotels and real estate, ownership of dwellings, public services.

Construction sector.

Correct option is: (B) Within one year

• Formation: Statutory corporations are set up under an Act of Parliament or state legislature. The objectives, powers, duties of these corporations are described in the act. 
• Governmental control: This type of organisation is wholly owned by the state. The government has the ultimate financial responsibility (i.e. liable for all profit or loss). 
• Management: The day-to-day administration is looked after by Board of Directors nominated by the government. 
• Financial autonomy: This type of enterprise is usually independently financed. It obtains funds by borrowings from the government or from the public and other sources. They need not to depend on budget allocation.

Correct option is: (D) Compulsory

The propounder of administrative management was Fayol

1. Primary Sector 

(i) Agriculture, forestry and fishing 

(ii) Mining and quarrying 

2. Secondary sector 

(i) Manufacturing 

(ii) Electricity, gas and water supply 

(iii) Construction 

(iv) Trade, hotels and restaurants 

3. Tertiary sector 

 (i) Transport, storage and communication 

(ii) Financing, insurance, real estate and business services 

(iii) Community and personal services.

Correct option is: (D) All of these

Economic objectives: Business is an economic activity so their primary objectives are economic.

1. Earning profits: One of the objectives of business is to earn profits on the capital employed. Profitability refers to profit in relation to capital investment. Every business must earn a reasonable profit which is so important for its survival and growth. 

2. Market standing: Market standing refers to the position of an enterprise in relation to its competitors. A business enterprise must aim at standing on stronger footing in terms of offering competitive products to its customers and serving them to their satisfaction.

Social objectives: Business is an economic activity which cannot be carried on in isolation; there arise the social objective of business. Important social objectives of modern businesses are:

1. Providing employment: One of the important social objectives of a business is to provide employment to the society. This can be achieved by establishing new business units, expanding market. etc. 

2. Prevention of pollution: With the growth of industries, pollution has become a serious matter. Pollution affects the hygiene and the health of human beings and even animals. So, one of the social objectives and obligations of every business is to make efforts to prevent the pollution of air and water.

The mark to market margin (MTM) is collected from the member before the start of the trading of the next day. The MTM margin is collected/adjusted from/against the cash/cash equivalent component of the liquid net worth deposited with the Exchange.

Mark to market loss is calculated by marking each transaction in security to the closing price of the security at the end of trading.

(D) Compulsory

Bill of lading is a document wherein a shipping company gives its official receipt of the goods put on board its vessel and at the same time gives an undertaking to carry them to the port of destination.

The computational methodology followed for construction of stock market indices are:

1. Free Float Market Capitalization Weighted Index, 

2. Market Capitalization Weighted index and the 

3. Price Weighted Index

The Free float market capitalization is calculated in the following manner:

Free Float Market Capitalisation = Issue Size * Price * Investible Weight Factor

The Index in this case is calculated as per the formulae given below:

Index = \(\cfrac{Free\,float\,current\,market\,capitalization}{Free\,Float Base\,Market\,Capitalization}\) *Base Value

The India Index Services Limited (IISL), aa subsidiary of NSE Strategic Investment Corporation Limited, introduced the free float market capitalization methodology.

(A) Hard work in the job

A joint venture means establishing a firm that is jointly owned by two or more otherwise independent firms. In the widest sense of the term, it can also be described as any form of association which implies collaboration for more than a transitory period.

Correct option is: (A) Management of working capital

A good index is a trade-off between diversification and liquidity. The computational methodology followed for construction of stock market indices are 

• Free Float Market Capitalization Weighted Index, 
• Market Capitalization Weighted index and the 
• Price Weighted Index. 

Free Float Market Capitalization Weighted index: 

The free float factor (Investible Weight Factor), for each company in the index is determined based on the public shareholding of the companies as disclosed in the shareholding pattern submitted to the stock exchange by these companies The Free float market capitalization is calculated in the following manner: Free Float Market Capitalization = Issue Size * Price * Investible Weight Factor The Index in this case is calculated as per the formulae given below:

Index = Free float current market capitalization/ Free Float Base Marked Capitalization X Base value

Market Capitalization Weighted index: 

In this type of index calculation, each stock in the index affects the index value in proportion to the market value of all shares outstanding. In this the index would be calculated as per the formulae below:

Index = Current market capitalization/ Base Market Capitalization X Base value

Price Weighted index: 

In a price weighted index each stock influences the index in proportion to its price per share. The value of the index is generated by adding the prices of each of the stocks in the index and dividing then by the total number of stocks.

Correct option is: (C) Art and Science

Correct option is: (A) Investor

(D) Continuous

• Discounts 
• Buy 1 get 1 
• Rebate 
• Sweep game 
• Concession 
• Samples 
• Quantity gift 
• Lucky draw 
• Usable benefit 
• Refund

Correct option is: (A) Repurchase agreement

A buyback can be seen as a method for company to invest in itself by buying shares from other investors in the market. Buybacks reduce the number of shares outstanding in the market. Buy back is done by the company with the purpose to improve the liquidity in its shares and enhance the shareholders’ wealth.

Under the SEBI (Buy Back of Securities) Regulation, 1998, a company is permitted to buy back its share from: 

a) Existing shareholders on a proportionate basis through the offer document

b) Open market through stock exchanges using book building process

c) Shareholders holding odd lot shares.

Henry Fayol's principles of management are 14.

1. Promotion stage. 

2. Incorporation stage.

Five foreign trade promotion measures and schemes undertaken by Government of India to boost up foreign trade are:

1. Duty drawback scheme. 

2. Advance licence scheme. 

3. Exemption from payment of sales taxes. 

4. Export promotion capital goods scheme. 

5. Export finance at concessional rates of interest. 

6. Export of services. 

7. Export processing zones. 

8. 100 percent export oriented unit.

(A) Repurchase agreement

• Sugar industry. 
• Paper industry. 

Super market is a large scale retail store that sell a wide variety of products like food items and vegetables, fruits, etc. all under one roof. 

(D) All of these

For purchase of fixed assets.

The partners who actively participate in the day-to-day operations of the business are known as active or working partners.

1. Less Security. 

2. Dependent on internet.

These corporation is managed by the Board of Directors.