Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

1. irregular rainfall

2. indebtedness

3. Regional Rural Banks

4. Regional Rural Banks

Two major steps taken by the government in the direction of improving agricultural marketing system in India, since independence are: 

i. Regulation of markets: This step was necessary in the postindependence period so as to create an orderly and transparent marketing condition across India. This policy benefitted both farmers as well as consumers. 

ii. Physical Infrastructure: This is another important aspect tackled by the government. Improvement of physical infrastructure facilities like roads, railways, warehouses, godowns, cold storages, processing units etc. has been the target of the government since decades.

a. Money multiplier is the process by which the commercial banks create credit, based upon the reserve ratio and initial deposits. 

b. Reserve deposit ratio is the minimum reserves which a commercial bank must maintain as per the instructions of the Central Bank.

Credit Creation = \(\frac{1}{reserved\,ratio}\)

Thus, credit creation is inversely related to the reserve deposit ratio. 

For Example: Suppose the Reserve Ratio is 0.2 and initial deposit is Rs 1000 crores. 

Total Credit Created = \(\frac{1}{reserved\,ratio}\) x initital deposits

= \(\frac{1}{0.2}\) x 1000

= Rs 5,000 crores.

Now, suppose reserve ratio is increased to 0.5

Total Credit Created =   \(\frac{1}{reserved\,ratio}\) x initital deposits

= \(\frac{1}{0.5}\) x 1000

= Rs 2,000 crores.

Thus, on the basis of the above illustration we can say that there exists an inverse relation between reserve and credit creation.

The given statement is refuted as the Current Account Deficit (CAD) is a broader concept. CAD occurs when the foreign exchange payments on account of visible, invisibles and current transfers are in excess over the receipts of visible, invisibles and current transfers. 

A country may face a situation of CAD, even if the country has trade surplus, with greater negative balances on account of services and unilateral transfers.

Multipurpose projects should give first priority to drinking water, regulate exploitation of ground water, conservation awareness etc.

Climate, 

landscape, 

govt policy, 

facilities, 

history, culture etc..

Medical services for overseas patients

μ₁ = 1.5

f₁ = 20 cm

μ₂ = 1.25

f₂ = ?

\(\frac{1}{f_1} = (μ_1 - 1) \left(\frac{1}{R_1} - \frac{1}{R_2} \right)\)

\(\frac{1}{20}\) \(= (1.5 - 1) \left(\frac{1}{R_1} - \frac{1}{R_2} \right) ....(1)\)

\(\frac{1}{f_2} = \left(\frac{μ_1}{\mu_2} - 1\right) \left(\frac{1}{R_1} - \frac{1}{R_2} \right)\)

\(\frac{1}{f_2} = \left(\frac{1.5}{1.25} - 1\right) \left(\frac{1}{R_1} - \frac{1}{R_2} \right)\)

\(\frac{1}{f_2}\) \(= (1.2 - 1) \left(\frac{1}{R_1} - \frac{1}{R_2} \right) ....(2)\)

on dividing equation \(\frac{(1)}{(2)}\)

\(\frac{f_2}{20} = \frac{.5}{.2}\)

\(f_2 = \frac{5}{2} \times 20\)

f₂ = 50 cm

A convex lens is a converging lens. In a convex lens, the ray of light traveling parallel to the principle axis actually converge at a point, the focus is called the real focus. hence it's focal length is as positive.

Correct answer is  secretary

Correct answer is  doctor or nurse

The situation suggests that Aggregate Demand is less than Aggregate Supply. Following two fiscal measures may be taken to control it: 

a. Decrease in Taxes - To curb the situation, the government may decrease the taxes. This may increase the purchasing power in the hands of the general public. This may increase the Aggregate Demand in the economy to bring it equal to the Aggregate Supply. 

b. Increase in Government Expenditure - The government may also increase its expenditure. This may increase the purchasing power in the hands of the general public which in turn may increase the Aggregate Demand in the economy to bring it equal to the Aggregate Supply.

Correct answer is  lawyer

Wheat is grown in mid-latitudinal and sub-tropical regions.

1) Atomic masses of some elements were revised so as to give them proper place in periodic table.

2) Mendeleev kept vacant places for elements not discovered until now in the periodic table.

Common balance is defined as the balance which is having each arm as suspended. The unknown mass is kept in one arm and the known mass in another until they both become equivalent. Therefore this balance is working on the principle of moment of weights. When the weights are being balanced, equilibrium is attained.

The process of internal recruitment is less expensive as it does not involve expenses in the form of advertising for vacancies etc.The process of external recruitment is more expensive as it involves considerable expenses in the form of advertisement for vacancies etc.Quality It may not involve quality of recruitment since it restricts the option and freedom in choosing the candidates.It may involve quality of recruitment since large numbers of applicants are available. Time consumingIt is less time consuming. It is more time consuming.

The economy of India is characterised as a middle income developing market economy. It is the world's fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP and the third-largest by purchasing power parity. According to the International Monetary Fund, on a per capita income basis, India ranked 142nd by GDP and 124th by GDP in 2020.

The functions of an entrepreneur is divided into 

(a) Promotional functions 

(b) Managerial functions and 

(c) Commercial functions.

(a) Promotional functions :

(i) Discovery of Idea: The first and foremost function of entrepreneur is idea generation. A person may conceive his own ideas or develop the ideas contributed by others. Ideas can be generated through several ways like own experience and exposure of entrepreneur, keen observation of environment, education, training, market survey, environmental scanning and so on.

(ii) Detailed Investigation: Entrepreneur should investigate commercial feasibility of the product proposed to be produced and conduct market study to ascertain the potential demand for the product.

(iii) Mobilisation of funds: Entrepreneur has to take steps to mobilise capital needed to implement the venture. Entrepreneur has to estimate the fixed capital and working capital required for running the project.

(b) Managerial functions:

Planning: In this function, the entrepreneur has to lay down the objectives, goals, vision, mission, policies, procedures, programmes, budget, schedules etc., for enabling the venture to proceed towards established destinations.

Directing: In this function, the entrepreneur has to motivate, lead, guide and communicate with subordinates on an ongoing basis in order to accomplish pre-set goals.

(c) Commercial functions:

Production or Manufacturing: Under production function, entrepreneur has to take decision relating to selection of factory site, design and layout, type of products to be manufactured, research and development.

Accounting: Entrepreneur has to arrange to prepare trading and profit and loss account in order to know the profit or loss incurred out of operation of the business and prepare balance sheet to know the financial status of business.

Managerial Remuneration: The Managerial remuneration is payable to a person’s appointed u/s 196 of the Act. The Term remuneration means any money or its equivalent given for their services.

Adequate profits: A Public Company can pay remuneration to its directors including Managing Director and Whole-time Directors, and its managers which shall not exceed 11% of the net profit.Maximum Remuneration Payable by a Company to its Managerial Personnel – No adequate Profits.

Remuneration Payable by a company in case where there is no profit or inadequacy of profit and remuneration payable is detailed below:

(d) Manufacturing

(c) Organising

Innovation is the subsidiary function of management.

Correct option is: (D) All these

The Span of Management refers to the number of subordinates who can be managed efficiently by a superior. Simply, the manager having the group of subordinates who report him directly is called as the span of management.

The term goods mean every kind of movable property other than actionable claim and money.

The share of a company which do not have any preferential rights with regard to dividend and repayment of share capital at the time of liquidation of a company, is called as equity share or ordinary share.

• Planning 
• Organising 
• Directing 
• Controlling 
• Coordination

• Discovery of Idea 
• Determining the business objectives 
• Detailed Investigation 
• Choice of form of enterprise 
• Fulfilment of the formalities 
• Preparation of Business Plan 
• Mobilisation of funds 
• Procurement of Machines and Materials

(b) (i) and (iv)

(b) (i) and (iv)

a. Sales Promotions

Correct answer is c. publicity

d. Mass communication

Correct option is: (B) Personal selling

Official Languages Act passed in 1963 made Hindi imposed in all states.

The correct answer is Levi Strauss.

• Levi Strauss is credited for manufacturing and marketing jeans.
  • Levi Strauss, as a young man in 1851, went from Germany to New York to join his older brothers who ran a goods store.
  • In 1853, he moved to San Francisco to open his own dry goods business. Jacob Davis was a tailor who often bought bolts of cloth from the Levi Strauss & Co. wholesale house.
  • In 1872, Davis wrote to Strauss asking partner with him to patent and sell clothing reinforced with rivets.
  • Levi Strauss patented trousers, the term "blue jeans" had been long in use for various garments (including trousers, overalls, and coats), constructed from blue-coloured denim.
• Hence, option 3 is correct.

​

• Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS was an Anglo-Irish soldier and Tory statesman who was one of the leading military and political figures of 19th-century Britain, serving twice as prime minister.
  • Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington is today more famous as a soldier than as a politician.
  • In fact, as the Prime Minister, he was known for his measures to repress reform, and his popularity sank a little during his time in office.
• Mary Phelps Jacob (20 April 1891 - 24 January 1970), better known as Caresse Crosby.
  • She was the first recipient of a patent for the modern bra.
  • She was also an American patron of the arts, publisher, and peace activist.
  • She and her second husband Harry Crosby founded the Black Sun Press which was instrumental in publishing some of the early works of many emerging modernist authors including James Joyce, Kay Boyle, Ernest Hemingway, Hart Crane, D. H. Lawrence, and René Crevel, among others.
• Lyman Reed Blake was an American inventor who devised the sewing machine for sewing the soles of shoes to the vamp of the shoe.
  • Born in South Abington, Massachusetts, Blake started off in the shoemaker business at a young age, first working for his brother Samuel.

A. Popular Protests-Pondicherry, Karakkal

B. Military operations-Goa, Daman,

Mahe, Yanam – French settlements 

Diu – Portughese settlements

• Uttar Pradesh 
• Madhya Pradesh
•  Andhra Pradesh 
• Tamil Nadu

These places formed the boundary of India in the East and West. Since these places shared boundary with Pakistan, conflicts intensified there.

• There were around six hundred princely states in pre-independent India.
• The princely states were given the option to join any union.
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was the Union Minister for the Department of States.
• V.P. Menon was the Secretary of the Department of States.
• Patel and V.P. Menon prepared an Instrument of Accession.
• Princely states had to hand over their control over defence, information, and communication, external affairs to the Government of India.
• All princely states except Junagarh, Hyderabad, Kashmir joined in the Indian Union.
• Later on these states were integrated into the Indian union through conciliation talks and military interventions under the initiative of Patel and V.P. Menon led the process.

• Travancore – Kerala 
• Hyderabad – Andhra Pradesh (in Telangana today) 
• Junagadh – Gujarat 
• Kashmir – Jammu & Kashmir

After the integration of kingly states, the next major issue faced by India was the formation of states. There were demands and agitations from various parts of the country for language-based state formulation. Potti Sreeramulu undertook a hunger strike demanding the formation of Andhra Pradesh for the Telugu speaking population. He lost his life in the process. Finally, Andhra Pradesh was formed in 1953.

This intensified the demand for language-based state formation. Government then constituted state reorganization commission under the chairmanship of Faisal AN. On the basis of the report of this commission, State Reorganization Act was passed in 1956. As per this Act, 14 states and 6 union territories came into existence.

European countries like fame and Portuguese has their colonial sports in India even after India’s independence. These places became independent by forceful military actions. 

Given below the details.

Andhra Pradesh first Indian state formed on the basis of language.

India followed a mixed economic system comprising the features of socialism and capitalism. As part of economic planning, India started five-year plans. This helped the development of agricultural and industrial sectors as well as eradication of poverty. Education scenario also developed. With the foreign aid, iron and steel industries were set up in different places. Heavy irrigation projects and dams played significant role in India’s economic advancement. Dams contributed water for irrigation and energy production for industry was made easier. With the development of irrigation facilities, agricultural production in the country increased.

Post independent India adopted a mixed economic system. It was a combination of both socialist and capitalist system. It focused on the development of public sector. The government under Jawaharlal Nehru adopted many projects aimed at economic development. The projects gave importance to centralised planning.

Economic planning got impetus after independence. The Planning Commission of India was constituted in 1950 with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as Chairman. Planning Commission devised many projects for economic progress. Five Year Plans were the projects implemented by the Planning Commission aimed at the economic progress of the country. Five Year Plans launched in 1951 strengthened India’s agricultural and industrial sectors.

They also helped to eradicate poverty, improve education and generate new energy sources. The most significant achievement of the plans was the self sufficiency in food production and eradication of poverty. India received assistance from foreign countries to set up iron and steel industries. Major dams were constructed for irrigation and electricity.

• Refugee problem 
• Hindu-Muslim communal riots 
• War with Pakistan over Kashmir issue 
• Integration of the princely states 
• Food shortage 
• Formation of a democratic system