Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

(d) Informal organization

1. Coordination integrates group efforts into purposeful work activity. 

2. Coordination ensures unity of action.

The person who setup his business is called an entrepreneur.

OR

According to Richard Cantillon, “Entrepreneur is the agent who buys means of production at certain prices in order to sell the produce at uncertain prices in the future.”

Promotion internal source or recruitment.

Discipline is obedience to organisational rules and employment agreements which are necessary for the working of the organisation.

Gang plank is a shorter route in scalar chain which allows employees at the same level to communicate with each other directly to avoid delay in communication. Gang plank can be used only in case of emergency.

The new set of economic reforms aimed at giving greater role to the private sector in the natural building process and a reduced role to the public sector is known as privatisation.

Infosys software company source of recruitment.

The Polkadot community has approved the upgrade of the Shell parachain to Statemint, Polkadot’s parachain dedicated to asset functionality. The Shell parachain contains almost no logic, except an XCM interface that listens for messages from the Relay Chain, but ensures that the finality guarantees from Polkadot are working properly before adding any parachains with more advanced functionality. After the stakeholders passed referendum 46 unanimously, the network dispatched two messages to its humble Shell with instructions to perform the upgrade to Statemint.

Objectives are the endpoints towards which are activities of an organisation are directed, objectives are set by the top management.

Privatisation is the process of transfer of ownership and management of public sector enterprises to private sector through the process of disinvestment.

The symptoms of closed fracture are as under: 

1. Swelling 

2. Discoloration 

3. Deformity 

4. Unusual body position

Formal Organisation refers to the organization structure which is designed by the management to accomplish a particular task. It specifies clearly the boundaries of authority and responsibility and there is systematic coordination among the various activities to achieve organizational goals.

Two features of planning: 

1. Planning focuses on achieving objectives. 

2. Planning is a primary function of managemen.

1. ROM is part of the memory unit of CPU of a computer. 

2. Also called Basic Input-Output System. 

3. Stores essential instructions and operating system 

4. Performs basic input and output operations.

Formal organisation refers to the organisation structure which is designed by the management to accomplish a particular task. It specifies clearly the boundaries of authority and responsibility and there is a systematic coordination among the various activities to achieve organizational goals.

OR

The formal organisation is a system of well defined jobs, each bearing a definite measure of authority, responsibility, and accountability.(Louis Allen).

The role and functions of ITBP are: 

1. Keep vigil on the northern borders and detect and prevent border violations 

2. Check illegal immigration, trans border smuggling and crimes 

3. Provide security to sensitive installations, banks and protected persons 

4. Restore and preserve order in any area in the event of disturbance

A stock exchange is an institution which provides a platform for buying and selling of existing securities. According to Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956, Stock exchange means,

“anybody of individuals, whether incorporated or not, constituted for the purpose of assisting, regulating or controlling the business of buying and selling or dealing in securities”.

Functions of Stock Exchange: 

Following are some of the important functions of a stock exchange.

1. Providing liquidity and marketability to existing securities: The basic function of a stock exchange is the creation of a continuous market where securities are bought and sold. It gives investors the chance to disinvest and reinvest. This provides both liquidity and easy marketability to already existing securities in the market. 

2. Pricing of securities: Share prices in a stock exchange are determined by the forces of demand and supply. A stock exchange is a mechanism of constant valuation through which the prices of securities are determined. Such a valuation provides important instant information to both buyers and sellers in the market. 

3. Safety of transaction: The membership of a stock exchange is well regulated and its dealings are well defined according to the existing legal framework. This ensures that their vesting public gets a safe and fair deal on the market. 

4. Contributes to economic growth: Stock exchange is a market in which existing securities are resold or traded. Through this process of disinvestment and reinvestment savings get channalised into the most productive investment avenues. This leads to capital formation and economic growth. 

5. Spreading of equity cult: The stock exchange can play a vital role in ensuring wider share ownership by regulating new issues, better trading practices and taking effective steps in educating the public about investments. 

6. Providing scope for speculation: The stock exchange provides sufficient scope within the provisions of law for speculative activity in a restricted and controlled manner. It is generally adopted that a certain degree of healthy speculation is necessary to ensure liquidity and price continuity to the stock market. Thus, “efficient functioning of a stock exchange creates a positive environment among investors and leads to the growth of primary market for new issues.

Organising is a process which coordinates human efforts, assembles resources and integrates both into a unified whole to be utilized for achieving specified objectives.

OR 

Organising is a process that initiates implementation of plans by clarifying jobs and working relationships and effectively deploying resources for attainment of identified and desired results (goals).

Organising function helps in the survival and growth of an enterprise and equips it to meet various challenges. Proper performance of organising function enables a business enterprise to successfully meet its goals.

The following points highlight the importance of organising in any business enterprises. 

1. Benefits of specialization: Organising leads to a systematic allocation of jobs among the workforce (employees). Right person is placed in the right job. It leads to specialization and increases the efficiency and productivity of employees. 

2. Clarity in working relationship: Organising helps in establishing working relationships. It clearly defines the authority and responsibility of each individual in an organization. Every individual has clarity as to whom he can give orders and from whom he has to receive orders. 

3. Optimum utilization of resources: Organising ensures proper allocation of jobs. It leads to optimum (i.e., efficient) use of material, financial and human resources. This also avoids duplication of work and helps in minimising the wastage of resources. 

4. Adaptation to change: The process of organising allows a business enterprise to accommodate changes in the business environment. It allows the organization structure to be suitably modified. 

5. Effective administration: Organising provides a clear description of jobs. This helps to avoid confusion and duplication. Clarity in the working relationships enables proper execution of work. Thus, management of an enterprise becomes easy and this brings effectiveness in administration. 

6. Development of personnel: Organising stimulates creativity among managers. By providing well defined areas of work and ensuring delegation of authority, organising provides sufficient freedom to the managers and encourages their initiative and creativity. Thus, it helps the managers to grow and develop to their full potential. 

7. Expansion and growth: Organising promotes growth and diversification of an enterprise. It enables the enterprise to take up new challenges. It allows a business enterprise to add more job positions, departments, new products and new geographical territories. This will help to increase customer base, sales and profit. Thus, organising is a process by which the manager brings order out of chaos, removes conflict among people over work or responsibility sharing and creates an environment suitable for team work.

Efficiency means doing the task correctly and with minimum cost.

Consumer responsibilities: A consumer should keep in mind the following responsibilities while purchasing, using and consuming goods and services. 

a. Be aware about various goods and services available: in the market so that an intelligent and wise choice can be made. 

b. Buy only standardized goods: as they provide quality assurance. Thus, look for ISI mark on electrical goods, FPO mark on food products, Hallmark on jewelry, etc. 

c. Read labels carefully: so as to have information about prices, net weight, manufacturing and expiry dates, etc. 

d. Ask for a cash memo: on purchase of goods or services. This would serve as a proof of the purchase made.

Characteristics of industrial products:

a. Number of buyers: The number of buyers of industrial products is limited. E.g. sugarcane is purchased by a few producers of sugar. 

b. Channel levels: The sale of industrial products is generally made with the help of shorter channels of distribution i.e., direct selling or one level selling. 

c. Derived demand: The demand for industrial products is derived from the demand for consumer products e. g, the demand for leather (i.e., industrial product) will be derived from demand for shoes (consumer product) 

d. Role of technical considerations: Technical considerations assume greater significance in the purchase of industrial products because these products are complex products bought for use in business operations.

F.W Taylor strongly advocated Piece Wage S\stem.

Setting objectives is the first step in planning process.

Importance of planning: Planning is deciding in advance what is to be done and how it is to be done. 

The benefits of planning are: 

1. Planning provides direction: Planning provides direction for action by stating in advance how a work is to be done. Planning ensures that the goals or objectives are clearly stated so that the employees of the organization are aware of what the organization has to do and what they must do to achieve these goals. 

2. Planning reduces the risk of uncertainty: Planning helps business enterprise to predict (i.e., foresee) its future uncertain events and enables the organization to face these uncertainties in the best possible manner. Thus, planning helps to develop a remedial action against future uncertainties and reduce the risk of business. 

3. Planning reduces overlapping and wasteful activities: Planning facilitates the co-ordination of the activities and efforts of different divisions, departments and individuals and avoids duplication of activities. Thus, useless and wasteful activities are minimized or eliminated. 

4. Planning promotes innovative ideas: Planning is basically thinking and decision making process. During the process of planning, many new ideas come to the minds of managers. These innovative ideas can take the shape of concrete plans leading to growth and prosperity of the business.

The Greek War of Independence (1821–1829), also commonly known as the Greek Revolution, was a successful war by the Greeks who won independence for Greece from the Ottoman Empire.

Disaster management has the following phases: 

1. Mitigation 

2. Preparedness 

3. Response 

4. Recovery

Characteristics of Entrepreneurship:

a. Systematic and purposeful activity: Entrepreneurship is a systematic, step-by-step and purposeful activity

b. Lawful activity: The object of entrepreneurship is to run a lawful business.

Types of unarmed combat are as under: 

1. Judo 

2. Wrestling 

3. Taekwondo 

4. Boxing 

5. Karate 

6. Kung Fu 

7. Krav Maga

(c) Investment decision is related to careful selection of assets in which funds will be invested by firms. Thus, the above case comes under the investment decision.

Correct option: (C) 141

ans) New Delhi is the capital of India 

(c) The settlement cycle in NSE is T + 2.

An ecosystem includes all of the living things (plants, animals and organisms) in a given area, interacting with each other, and also with their non-living environments (weather, earth, sun, soil, climate, and atmosphere).

Example – A pond is a good example of an ecosystem.

Correct option: (A) Form V

Bad body language postures are: 

1. Little eye contact 

2. Fidgeting 

3. Crossing arms 

4. Leaning back on the chair 

5. Turning body away’ 

6. Placing objects between the self and visitor

-It encourages people to support projects like conservation and preservation of historical monuments. 

- to collect authentic information about historically important places and to publish it through various media.

History is the study of change over time, and it covers all aspects of human society. Political, social, economic, scientific, technological, medical, cultural, intellectual, religious and military developments are all part of history.

Flora and Fauna attract many tourists. Tourists like to know the various types of plants and trees that they see and which trees are seen in which seasons. There are many plants which are specific to certain regions and many times students and travellers visit those areas specially to see those varieties of plants. Thick forest covers, attract tourists who enjoy trekking. Fauna attracts tourists who like to watch birds, wild mammals, reptiles and other exotic and rare animals. Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Parks, Zoos, Aquariums, Botanic Gardens are the places where one can view and learn about the flora and fauna. Yellow Stone National Park, San Diego Zoo, Botanic Gardens at Kew near London, Kandy in Sri Lanka and Bogor in Java in Indonesia are important attractions for wildlife lovers

Jim Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand; Kaziranga National Park, Assam; Ranthambhor National Park, Rajasthan; Kanha National Park, Madhya Pradesh; Gir National Park, Gujarat; Periyar National Park, Kerala etc. (If students mention these may also be considered).

In the year 1986.

Self-awareness helps individuals to identify the symptoms of stress and its cause. The individual should: 

1. Understand self, and the cause, 

2. Think positive 

3. Avoiding the issues which cause stress 

4. Speak to the well-wishers about the problem and take their support.

1. Place cursor on the file or folder to be renamed. Press right click 

2. A drop box would appear 

3. Select and click option Rename 

4. File or folder’s name will get highlighted

Liberalism in the early 19th century stood for freedom for the individual and equality to all before law for the new middle classes.

Important points are as follows

• It means freedom of equality before law.
• It included end of aristocracy and clerical privileges.
• It meant representative government through Parliament.
• In the economical sphere, it included freedom of markets and end of restrictions on goods.

Heritage walk is organised to places of historical importance or residence of renowned persons etc.

where the business is doing both selling product and selling services.