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The Black-Scholes option pricing Model Was Developed in 1973

Correct option is: (A) Voluntary muscles

Sales person’s job not over even after getting an order ,reasons are:- 

(i) He has to check whether the ordered goods are delivered at right address and on date promised by him. 

(ii) He has to check whether the payment is received as per the deal or not. 

(iii) Is the customer satisfied with newly purchased product? 

(iv) Installation and demos after the delivery of the product 

(v) Providing after sales services

Connection type (wired/wireless) , ergonomics.

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the regulatory authority in India established under Section 3 of SEBI Act, 1992. SEBI Act, 1992 provides for establishment of Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) with statutory powers for 

(a) protecting the interests of investors in securities 

(b) promoting the development of the securities market and 

(c) regulating the securities market. 

Its regulatory jurisdiction extends over corporates in the issuance of capital and transfer of securities, in addition to all intermediaries and persons associated with securities market. SEBI has been obligated to perform the aforesaid functions by such measures as it thinks fit. In particular, it has powers for:

The time value of an option is the difference between its premium and its intrinsic value. Both calls and puts have time value.

The money you earn is partly spent and the rest saved for meeting future expenses. Instead of keeping the savings idle you may like to use savings in order to get return on it in the future. This is called Investment.

Investor Protection Fund (IPF) is maintained by NSE to make good investor claims, which may arise out of non-settlement of obligations by the trading member, who has been declared a defaulter, in respect of trades executed on the Exchange. The maximum amount of claim payable from the IPF to the investor (where the trading member through whom the investor has dealt is declared a defaulter) is Rs. 15 lakh.

Connection type (wired/wireless) , ergonomics, Layout / special keys / mechanical / backlit / type (dvorak/querty) / price.

The definition of "Securities‟ as per the Securities Contracts Regulation Act (SCRA), 1956, includes instruments such as shares, bonds, scrips, stocks or other marketable securities etc.

Pay-in day is the day when the securities sold are delivered to the exchange by the sellers and funds for the securities purchased are made available to the exchange by the buyers. 

Pay-out day is the day the securities purchased are delivered to the buyers and the funds for the securities sold are given to the sellers by the exchange.

‘Lock-in’ indicates a freeze on the sale of shares for a certain period of time.

Intrinsic value of an option at a given time is the amount the holder of the option will get if he exercises the option at that time. The intrinsic value of a call is Max[0, (S_t — K)] which means that the intrinsic value of a call is the greater of 0 or (S_t — K).

Correct answer is d. Spray liquid cleaner on the keys

For an equity share, the face value is usually a very small amount (Rs. 5, Rs. 10). For a debt security, face value is Rs. 100.

Unsystematic risk is also called as Company Specific Risk or Diversifiable Risk.

The current ratio measures the ability of the firm to meet its current liabilities from the current assets. Higher the current ratio, greater the short-term solvency (i.e. larger is the amount of rupees available per rupee of liability).

Current ratio = \(\cfrac{Current\,Assets}{Current\,Liability}\)

A capital market refers to the market that deals in the trading of medium and long-term securities. That is, it deals in those securities that have a maturity period of greater than or equal to one year. Capital market comprises of instruments such as equity and preference shares, debentures, bonds, mutual funds, public deposits, etc. A capital market can be divided in two parts namely, Primary Market and Secondary Market. Primary market deals with issue of new securities. Issue of new securities in the primary market directs funds towards those entrepreneurs who either want to start a new enterprise or wish to expand the existing one. Secondary market, on the other hand, deals in the sale and purchase of the existing securities. That is, it deals in the trading of those securities that were initially issued in the primary market.

The history of capital market in the form of stock exchange dates back to the eighteenth century. The Government of India introduced the Companies Act in 1850 with the aim of generating investor interest in corporate securities. The first stock exchange was set up in India in the year 1875 as ‘The Native Share and Stock Brokers Association’ in Bombay. Later it was renamed as ‘Bombay Stock Exchange’ (BSE). In the subsequent years stock exchanges were developed in Ahemdabad, Calcutta and Madras.

In 1990s, the Indian secondary market only consisted of regional stock exchanges wherein, first being the BSE. However, after the reforms of 1991, the Indian Stock Market acquired a three-tier system. This consisted of Regional Stock Exchanges, National Stock Exchange and Over the Counter Exchange of India (OTCEI).

Regional Stock Exchange: The first Regional Stock Exchange was developed in Ahemdabad as Ahmedabad Stock Exchange (ASE) in 1894. Similarly, in 1908, Calcutta Stock Exchange (CSE) was established. Subsequently in the later years other regional stock exchanges were established in Calcutta, Madras, Ahemdabad, Delhi, Hyderabad and Indore. Recently, regional stock exchanges were developed in Coimbatore as Coimbatore Stock Exchange and in Meerut as Meerut Stock Exchange. Currently, there are 22 regional stock exchanges in India.

National Stock Exchange: The NSE is the latest technology driven stock exchange which was recognised in 1993. It started its operations in 1994 with trading in money market securities. Later, it also expanded its trading operations in capital market segment. NSE was set up in order to establish a nationwide platform for trading in all types of securities. It ensured development of fair and efficient securities market. Within the span of its existence, NSE has transformed the Indian capital market and has been able to take the stock market to the investor’s door step. It has provided a wide screen-based automated trading system across the nation ensuring equal access to all the investors.

Over the Counter Exchange of India (OTCEI): OTCEI is a company which was set up in 1990 under the Companies Act,1956 but later was recognised as a stock exchange under the Securities Contracts Regulation Act, 1956. It commenced its operations in trading in 1992 and is modelled along the lines of NASDAQ, the OTC exchange in USA. It aims at providing the small companies an easy access to the capital market. OTCEI provides a screen based nationwide trading system, that acts as a place where buyers meet the sellers and negotiate for an acceptable terms of trade. Herein, dealers can trade both in new issue of securities as well as secondary market. It is a single window exchange which provides a convenient, transparent and efficient avenue for capital market investment.

National Stock Exchange fifty Index, which was introduced by the National Stock Exchange for actively traded 50 stocks.

Secondary market refers to a market where securities are traded after being initially offered to the public in the primary market .

Hedging, Futures can be used as a risk-management tool.

Options give the buyer (holder) a right but not an obligation to buy or sell an asset in future. Options are of two types - calls and puts.

A buyback can be seen as a method for company to invest in itself by buying shares from other investors in the market. Buybacks reduce the number of shares outstanding in the market.

a) Existing shareholders on a proportionate basis through the offer document. 

b) Open market through stock exchanges using book building process.

The following are the various methods through which floating of new issues can be done.

(i) Offer through Prospectus: The most commonly used method for raising funds in primary market is offer through prospectus. It involves inviting the subscriptions from public by issue of prospectus. A prospectus is published as advertisements in newspapers, magazines, etc. It provides such information as the purpose for which the fund is being raised, company’s background and future prospects, its past financial performance, etc. Such information helps the public and the investors to know about the company as well as the potential risk and the earnings involved. Such issues need to be listed on one of the stock exchanges and should be in accordance with the guidelines and rules listed under the Companies Act and SEBI disclosure.

(ii) Offer through Sale: As against offer through prospectus, under the offer through sale method, the company does not issue securities directly to the public rather they are issued through intermediaries such as brokers, issuing houses, etc. That is, under offer through sale, securities are issued in two steps, first the company sells its securities to the intermediaries at the face value and later the intermediaries resell the securities to the investing public at a higher price than the face value to earn profit.

(iii) Private Placement: Under this method, the securities are sold only to some selected individuals and big institutional investors rather than to the public. The companies either allot the securities themselves or they sell the securities to intermediaries who in turn sell them to selected clients. This method saves the company from various mandatory or non-mandatory expenses such as cost of manager fees, commission, underwriter fees, etc. Thus, the companies which cannot afford the huge expenses related to public issue often go for private placement.

(iv) Rights Issue: Under the Companies Act 1956, it is the right of the existing shareholders of a company to subscribe to the new shares issued by it. The existing shareholders are offered subscription of new shares of the company in proportion to the number of shares possessed by them.

(v) e-IPOs: It is system of issuing securities through online system. If a company decides to offer its securities through an online system it is required to gets into an agreement with the stock exchange. This is called Initial Public Offer (IPO). Company appoints brokers for accepting applications and placing orders. A company can apply to get listed in any stock market except from the one through which it has already offered securities. Herein, the lead manager looks upon the various activities and coordinates them.

The base value of the Nifty was set to 1000 on the start date of November 3, 1995.

The benefits of participation in a depository are:

• Immediate transfer of securities 
• No stamp duty on transfer of securities 
• Elimination of risks associated with physical certificates such as bad delivery, fake securities, etc. 
• Reduction in paperwork involved in transfer of securities

Beta measures the sensitivity of stocks responsiveness to market factors. Generally, it is seen that when markets rise, most stock prices rise and vice versa. Beta measures how much a stock would rise or fall if the market rises / falls.

Demutualization refers to the legal structure of an exchange whereby the ownership, the management and the trading rights at the exchange are segregated from one another.

The nucleic acid base found in mRNA but not in DNA is Uracil.

NSE introduced a nationwide, on-line, fully-automated screen based trading system (SBTS) where a member can punch into the computer the quantities of a security and the price at which he would like to transact.

The absence of conditions of perfect competition in the securities market makes the role of the Regulator extremely important. The regulator ensures that the market participants behave in a desired manner so that securities market continues to be a major source of finance for corporate and government and the interest of investors are protected.

Correct option  (A) 1 mM

At the time of buying an option contract, the buyer has to pay premium. The premium is the price for acquiring the right to buy or sell.

Yes, hedgers are important for the derivative market. One of the primary purpose of derivative market was to enable the participants to take a counter position to mitigate the risk.

Before making any investment, one must ensure to: 

1. obtain written documents explaining the investment 

2. read and understand such documents 

3. verify the legitimacy of the investment 

4. find out the costs and benefits associated with the investment

The most abundant free nucleotide in mammalian cells is ATP.

Liquidity refers to the ability of a firm to meet its financial obligations in the shortterm like current ratio.

Commodity derivatives market trade contracts for which the underlying asset is commodity. It can be an agricultural commodity like wheat, soybeans, rapeseed, cotton, etc or precious metals like gold, silver, etc.

The cost of NLMs will be borne by the Ministry, SQMs will be paid remuneration and allowances as decided by the State. The expenses on SQMU will be borne out of funds provided by Central Government to meet administrative expenses for MGNREGA.

The major functions of State Quality Monitors are:

• Prepare a visit plan, based on the list of works/ sites finalised by Director (QM), required to be visited by the SQM
• Visit the site for inspection on the appointed date.
• Prepare visit report work-wise, the framework/chapter-plan/core tables and format for which would be made available by Director (QM). This report should include immediate counter measures required to be taken to rectify/ correct deficiencies identified as a result of the inspection.
• At the end of every three months period, a consolidated report for the district shall be prepared by the SQM and submitted to State Government through Director (QM).This report will also contain a deployment strategy for the suggested measures. A summary of the report shall also be made by the SQM bringing out the Action Points.
• The Director (QM) shall take corrective measures through the DPC and shall publish the SQM-wise list of works visited and Action Points emerging on the NREGA website.
• The Director (QM) shall monitor the corrective action and shall upload the action taken status quarterly till such time that action is complete.
• Action taken by the State Government on the reports and suggestions of SQMs will be reviewed by the SEGC and will also be a part of the agenda item for discussion for labour budget.

Simple Interest is the interest paid only on the principal amount borrowed. No interest is paid on the interest accrued during the term of the loan.

The Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the regulatory body for all the mutual funds in India.

Uracil and ribose form Uridine. 

The three distinct aspects of Quality Management are: 

i Quality control at site; 

ii Quality supervision; and 

iii Quality monitoring.

A company announces a corporate action, it is initiating a process that will bring actual change to its securities either in terms of number of shares increasing in the hands on the shareholders etc.

Correct option (B) 20%

The issues relating to works execution covered under quality management are; project selection, site selection, survey, project design estimates, work execution, supervision etc.

The distance spanned by one turn of Bform DNA is 3.4 nm.

1. Adjustment for corporate actions shall be carried out on the last day on which a security is traded on a cum basis in the underlying cash market. 

2. Adjustments shall mean modifications to positions and/or contract specifications namely strike price, position, market lot, and multiplier. These adjustments shall be carried out on all open, exercised as well as assigned positions. 

3. The corporate actions may be broadly classified under stock benefits and cash benefits. The various stock benefits declared by the issuer of capital are bonus, rights, merger/ de–merger, amalgamation, splits, consolidations, hive–off, warrants and secured premium notes and dividends.

(D) A bit of DNA molecule