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This section includes 7 InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Current Affairs knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1. |
Expand NATO? |
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Answer» NATO North American Treaty Organization. |
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| 2. |
Oxford is one of ___ oldest universities in Europe. A) the B) whichC) much D) more |
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Answer» Correct option is A) the |
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| 3. |
Who was the first to use the word ‘Non-Aligned’? |
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Answer» V.K. Krishna Menon, India’s External Affairs Minister was the first to use the word ‘Non- Aligned’. |
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| 4. |
Name any two universities that came into existence in Medieval Europe. |
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Answer» Oxford and Cambridge in England, Bologna and Naples in Italy and Paris and Montpellier in France were some of the Universities that came into existence in Medieval Europe. |
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| 5. |
Which were the two chemicals responsible for the begin of life. |
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Answer» Hydrogen and Carbon which were present in the atmosphere were responsible for that. |
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| 6. |
Read the following passage and answer the questions set on it. Amelia Earhart was a famous American aviation pioneer who set record after record during her flying carrier. She mysteriously disappeared while attempting a record breaking flight around the world.In 1928 she achieved worldwide fame when she became the first woman to cross the Atlantic Ocean as a passenger on a plane piloted by Wilmer Stultz. Then in 1932 she became the first woman and the second person to fly solo non-stop across the Atlantic. Although she was by then the undisputed queen of the air, Amelia wanted to achieve more.In March 1937, she flew to Hawaii intending to circle the globe with fellow pilot, Paul Mantz. Due to fire at take off, the plane ground-looped. In June, she made her second attempt at a roundthe-world flight, this time with Fred Noonan as her navigator. At that time, she left behind important communication and navigation instruments, perhaps to make room for additional fuel for the long flight. They departed Miami on June 1, and made it to New Guinea in 21 days.To begin the next leg of the trip, they departed New Guinea for Howland Island on July 2, 1937. On Howland Island a runway had been hastily built just for Amelia because she needed a place to land and refuel. Only two miles long and a half mile wide Howland Island sits in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. It was such a tiny Island that only the most highly skilled fliers could spot it from up in the air. Therefore, the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter (USCGC) Itasca was designated to communicate with Amelia’s plane and guide her to the Island. At dawn, the ship’s boilers were belching out thick black clouds of smoke as visual signal to Amelia’s plane just in case it arrived early. Meanwhile the ship’s radio stood ready to send and receive messages. Amelia and Noonan had little practical knowledge of the use of radio navigation and the crew at Itasca weren’t able to pick up the radio frequency Amelia was broadcasting. After six hours of confusion, all contact was lost between Amelia and Itasca.The U.S. navy led a massive search for Amelia and Noonan. Finally, President Roosevelt issued an order for all search attempts to be terminated in 1937. No one knows for sure what happened to Amelia and Noonan. Some believe she was captured by enemies.Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence each. (a) What was Amelia’s achievement that made her become famous worldwide?(b) Name the pilot who flew Amelia’s plane across the Atlantic Ocean. (c) When did Amelia fly with Paul Mantz to Hawaii? (d) What did Amelia leave behind during her second attempt at a round-the-world flight?(e) How long did the flight take to reach New Guinea?(f) How wide is Howland island? (g) Pick out the word from the passage that means ‘tool’ or ‘device’. (h) Mention the mode of visual signal that was planned in case Amelia’s plane arrived early. (i) Add a prefix to the word ‘disputed’ to form its antonym. (j) Who issued an order for terminating the search for Amelia and Noonan? |
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Answer» (a) Amelia achieved worldwide fame when she became the first woman to cross the Atlantic Ocean as a passenger on a plane. (b) The pilot who flew Amelia’s plane across the Atlantic Ocean was Wilmer Stultz. (c) Amelia flew with Paul Mantz to Hawaii in March 1937. (d) During her second attempt at a round-the-world flight, Amelia left behind important communication and navigation instruments, perhaps to make room for additional fuel for the flight. (e) The flight took 21 days to reach New Guinea. (f) Howland island was only two miles long and half a mile wide. (g) Instrument. (h) At dawn, the ship’s boilers were belching out thick black clouds of smoke as visual signals to Amelia’s plane just in case it arrived early. (i) Undisputed. (j) President Roosevelt issued an order for terminating the search for Amelia and Noonan. |
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| 7. |
Which are the two parts of Bible? |
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Answer» The two parts of the Bible are the Old Testament and the New Testament. |
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| 8. |
Read the following passage and answer the questions set on it. Newspaper starts the day for many of us. To begin with, the members of the newspaper staff make plans for the contents of the next edition of the newspaper during their daily or weekly editorial meetings. They discuss upcoming news events and work out ideas for fresh stories. The editor then assigns stories for journalists and photographers to work on and complete within the specified deadlines.Journalists then carry out research to gather all the facts that relate to the story they have been assigned. Besides collecting information from books, magazines, other newspapers and the ‘internet’, journalists also conduct interviews with people involved in the issue.Photographers are allocated stories for which they need to take photos that suit the style of the story. Sometimes, the editor or journalist selects suitable photos from the newspaper archives. The writing of the story begins when the journalists have completed all their research. The journalists type out their stories or articles on the computer. They must ascertain that their facts are accurate, and they must write in clear and concise style.The journalist’s story reaches the editor via newspaper’s computer system and he or she decides whether the angle of the story is correct and whether the story is newsworthy. Once the story is approved by the editor, it goes to the copy desk. A copy editor checks the story for grammatical errors and misspellings, and makes the story easier to read. The copy editor looks for “holes” or gaps in the story that might leave readers with too many unanswered questions and cause miscommunication. If the story or article is too long, it is edited down to the right size and also added is an eye-catching headline.Editors also choose photos and decide on illustrations to read with the story. Graphic artists are responsible for creating charts and illustrations that certain articles need.The articles, photographs and advertisements are laid out on each page of the newspaper. Page layouts are done by computer using special software for designing pages.The finished layout of the newspaper is transferred electronically from computers to the printing press. The entire paper is printed, folded and put together. After printing, the newspapers are bundled into groups, loaded into trucks and sent out to be delivered.Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence each. (a) What starts the day for many of us? (b) Who makes plans for the contents of the next edition?(c) Mention any one of the sources from which a journalist gathers facts related to the story. (d) Where are suitable photos selected sometimes to suit the style of the story from?(e) When does the writing of the story begin?(f) Where is the approved story sent to?(g) Add suitable prefix to the word ‘communication’ to form its antonym. (h) What decides the choice of the photos?(i) What purpose is special software used for?(j) A newspaper article should be free of (grammar/grammatical) errors. |
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Answer» (a) Newspaper starts the day for many of us. (b) The members of the newspaper staff make plans for the contents of the next edition. (c) Books. (d) Suitable photos are sometimes selected from the newspaper archives or from photographers who are asked to take photos for allocated stories to suit the style of the story. (e) The writing of the story begins when the journalists have completed all their research. (f) The approved story is sent to the copy desk. (g) Miscommunication. (h) The editors choose the photos and decide on illustrations to read with the story. (i) The special software is used for designing the pages of the newspaper. (j) Grammatical. |
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| 9. |
Name any two dramatists of Periclian age. |
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Answer» Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides, were the Dramatists of Periclean age. |
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| 10. |
Read the following passage and answer the questions set on it. Long before there were restaurants, there were taverns where people gathered to talk, have something to drink and perhaps something to eat.In London there was another kind of place that was also the forerunner of the restaurant. This was the ‘Cook Shop’. The chief business of these Cook Shops was sale of cooked meals on the premises and was somewhat like a restaurant. There were Cook Shops in London as long back as the 12th Century.The first place where a meal was provided every day at a fixed place was the tavern in England. They often became ‘dining clubs’ and these existed in the 15th Century. By the middle of the 16th Century, many town people of all classes had got into the habit of dining out in the taverns. Most of the taverns offered a good meal for a shilling or less, with wine and ale as extras. Many taverns became meeting places of the leading people of the day. Shakespeare used to be a regular customer of the Mermaid tavern in London.About 1650, coffee-houses also sprang up in England. They served coffee and tea and chocolate, which were all new drinks at that time. Sometimes they served meals too. In 1765, a man named Boulanger opened a place in Paris which served meals and light refreshments, and he called his place a ‘restaurant’. This was the first time this word was used. It was a great success and many other places like it soon opened.In a short time, all over France, there were similar eating places called restaurants. But the word ‘restaurant’ was not used till the end of the 19th Century. In the United States, the first restaurant of which there are records was the Blue Anchor Tavern in Philadelphia which opened in 1683.Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence each. (a) Where did people gather to drink before restaurants came into existence? (b) What did the Cook Shops sell? (c) When did dining places come into existence?(d) Which tavern did Shakespeare often visit? (e) When did coffee-houses come into existence in England? (f) Pick out the word which means ‘identical’ in the passage and write it. (g) J/Vho introduced the word ‘restaurant’ for the first time? (h) Use the appropriate prefix to the word ‘regular’, to form its antonym. (i) Blue Anchor Tavern is in (a) Paris. (b) Philadelphia. (c) France.(j) Restaurants became in the 20th Century, (successful/success) |
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Answer» (a) Before restaurants came into existence, people gathered at taverns to drink. (b) Cook shops sold cooked meals. (c) Dining places came into existence in the 15th century. (d) Shakespeare used to be a regular customer of the Mermaid tavern in London. (e) Coffee-houses came into existence in England in the year 1650. (f) Similar (g) A man named Boulanger introduced the word ‘restaurant’ for the first time. (h) Irregular (i) b) Philadelphia (j) successful |
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| 11. |
Mention two works of Kari Marx. |
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Answer» Karl Marx was German Philosopher. His famous works were ‘Das Capital’ arid ‘Communist Manifesto’. |
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| 12. |
Which day is celebrated as UN Day? |
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Answer» 24th October is celebrated as the UN day. |
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| 13. |
Read the following graph and answer the questionsTemperature and Rainfall in Brazil and Indiai) What is the minimum and maximum temperature of India? ii) What difference do you find in the rainy period in Brazil and India? iii) In which month does Brazil get less rainfall? iv) In which month does India get higher rainfall? v) In which month does India get lesser rainfall? vi) In which month does Brazil have a higher temperature? |
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Answer» i) Answer - Maximum - 35 Minimum - 15 ii) Answer - Brazil – November to April India – May to October iii) Answer - August iv) Answer - August v) Answer - January vi) Answer - January |
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| 14. |
Read the following passage and answer the questions set on it.Confucius was one of the greatest moral teachers and philosophers of China. He studied ancient Chinese writings with great devotion. These works taught him new ideas about character development. His actual name was ‘Kung fu-tzu’, the Catholic missionaries called him Confucius.Confucius was born in the state of Lu, now part of Shandong in China. His family belonged to the lowest level of aristocracy. His parents died when he was still young and he grew up in poverty. Later, he became an official in the government of Lu, and was much respected.China, during those days, was ruled by an emperor with very little powers. The provinces were controlled by corrupt and greedy feudal lords. The people were poor and neglected. Confucius felt disgusted at this state of affairs and left Lu in 484 BC. He started preaching whatever he had learnt from the ancient Chinese writings. Human behaviour, morality and politics were the main elements of his teaching. At the age of twenty-two he started teaching how to lead a happy life. He said, ‘Don’t do to others what you would not wish them to do to you’. He taught, ‘Thou shall love thy neighbour as thyself’. He was very modest and always said, ‘1 teach nothing new. I only pass on the ancient wisdom’.On returning to Lu, he also held some important positions in the local government of his province. When he was made the Governor of a city, he cleared the state of robbers, reduced taxes, improved people’s living conditions and persuaded the ruling classes to lead charitable lives. According to one account, he was also made a minister. He tried his best to improve the evils ingrained in all branches of social life. But soon he realized that they were deep-rooted. So he resigned in disgust at the age of 54.Confucius’ own sayings were collected by his disciples and written down much later, in the book ‘Lun Yu’. Confucius died in 479 BC. The religion founded by him is known as Confucianism. It includes ancestor worship, belief in supreme God and belief in Nature Spirit. Even today it influences millions of lives. Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence each.(a) Which country did Confucius come from?(b) Who named him Confucius?(c) For which government did he work as official?(d) By whom were the provinces in China controlled?(e) What did he do after leaving Lu? (f) Mention any one of the elements of his teaching.(g) How old was he when he started teaching?(h) Add a prefix to the word ‘morality’ to form its antonym.(i) Confucius was very (wise/wisdom) in his thinking.(j) Name the book written by his disciples about the sayings of Confucius. |
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Answer» (a) Confucius came from the state of Lu, now part of Shandong in China. (b) The Catholic missionaries called him Confucius. (c) Confucius worked as an official in the government of Lu. (d) The provinces in China were controlled by corrupt and greedy feudal lords. (e) Confucius started preaching whatever he had learnt from the ancient Chinese writings after leaving Lu. (f) Human behaviour. (g) Confucius started teaching at the age of twenty-two. (h) Immorality. (i) Wise. (j) ‘Lun Yu’ |
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| 15. |
Answer the following in detail.1) Explain with examples how field visits increase geographical knowledge 2) Explain the variations found in temperatures of Brazil according to season. 3) Explain - The growth rate of population in India is decreasing but population is increasing. 4) Suggest measures for the conservation of wildlife in India and forest conservation. |
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Answer» 1) Points - Visit to different places having different location, climate, and land forms - interacting with local people, cultures, food and clothes - comparison of two regions - making questionnaire with specific thing in mind 2) Points - location of Brazil- latitudinal extent high – variation found in climate - north- near equatior – equable climate throughout the year - coastal areas equable - south is comparatively cooler and the northern part near Guyana highland experience high temperature. 3) Points - Population increases when birthrate is more than death rate. - growth rate is decresing because the difference in birth rate and death rate is not as high as it was earlier. 4) Points - Conservation of Wildlife - restricting wild life trading and hunting - declaring more national parks and sanctuaries - giving more importance to endangered animals - Forest conservation - controlling felling of trees - afforestation and social forestry programmes to be implemented |
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| 16. |
Name any two important philosophers of France. |
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Answer» 1. Montesquieu 2. J. J. Rousseau |
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| 17. |
What were the followers of Ignatius Loyola called as? |
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Answer» The followers of Ignatius Loyola were called as ‘Jesuits’. |
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| 18. |
Prepare a multiple bar graph and write the answersAverage Life of India and Brazil (Year)i) What was the average life expectancy in India in 2010? ii) In which decade is the increase in life expectancy of both the countries same? iii) What conclusions can you draw after reading the graph of life expectancy in both countries? |
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Answer» i) Answer - 67 years ii) Answer - 1990-2000 iii) Points - Brazil’s life expectancy has been more than India in all the decades. - It is increasing in both the countries due to improved medical facilities and standard of living. |
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| 19. |
Where is Parthenon temple? And who built it? |
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Answer» Parthenon temple is in Athens. It was built by Pericles. |
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| 20. |
Who founded the city of Rome?. |
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Answer» The city of Rome was founded by the twin brothers, Romulus and Remus in 753 BCE, on the Palatine hill. |
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| 21. |
What is Boston tea party? |
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Answer» British Parliament passed an act in 1773 and gave the monopoly of Tea trade to the East India Company, which was resented by the colonists. When a ship loaded with tea packets arrived at Boston, the colonists disguised as Red Indians raided the ship and threw all the tea packets into the sea. This incident is called‘Boston Tea Party’. |
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| 22. |
Marble’s popularity began in ancient Rome and Greece, where white and off-white marble were used to construct a variety of structures, from hand-held sculptures to massive pillars and buildings.1. The substance not likely to contain CaCO3 is a) Dolomite b) A marble statue c) Calcined gypsum d) Sea shells.2. A student added 10g of calcium carbonate in a rigid container, secured it tightly and started to heat it. After some time, an increase in pressure was observed, the pressure reading was then noted at intervals of 5 mins and plotted against time, in a graph as shown below. During which time interval did maximum decomposition took place?a) 15-20 min b) 10-15 min c) 5-10 min d) 0-5 min3. Gas A, obtained above is a reactant for a very important biochemical process which occurs in the presence of sunlight. Identify the name of the process - a) Respiration b) Photosynthesis c) Transpiration d) sphotolysis4. Marble statues are corroded or stained rain water. Identify the main reason.a) decomposition of calcium carbonate to calcium oxide b) polluted water is basic in nature hence it reacts with calcium carbonate c) polluted water is acidic in nature hence it reacts with calcium carbonated) calcium carbonate dissolves in water to give calcium hydroxide.5. Calcium oxide can be reduced to calcium, by heating with sodium metal. Which compound would act as an oxidizing agent in the above process? a) Sodium b) sodium oxide c) calcium d) calcium oxide |
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Answer» 1. Calcined gypsum 2. 0-5 min 3. photosynthesis 4. polluted water is acidic in nature hence it reacts with calcium carbonate 5. calcium oxide 1 .Calcined gypsum 2 . 0-5 mins 3 . Photosynthesis 4 . Polluted water is acidic in nature hence it reacts with calcium carbonate 5 . Calcium oxide THANK YOU .... |
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| 23. |
Write any two important philosophers of Ancient China? |
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Answer» Mencius, Confucius and Lao-tse were the important philosophers of ancient China. |
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| 24. |
Select the correct option and rewrite the sentence : 1) According to Census 2011, the average population density of India is ----------------------persons per sq.km. a) 327 b) 342 c) 382 d) 387 2) The rate of urbanization in Brazil has reduced after the ---------------- decade a) 1960 b) 1970 c) 1990 d) 2000 3) Brazil’s economy is also of ---------------- type like that of India. a) Developed b) Mixed c) Undeveloped d) Capitalistic 4) The westernmost point of Brazil is ------------------------ a) Nascente Rio Moa b) Porto Velho c) Rio Grande d) Ponta do Seixas |
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Answer» 1) According to Census 2011, the average population density of India is 382 persons per sq.km. 2) The rate of urbanization in Brazil has reduced after the 2000 decade 3) Brazil’s economy is also of Mixed type like that of India. 4) The westernmost point of Brazil is Nascente do Rio Moa |
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| 25. |
how is india' geographical location favorable for international trade |
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Answer» India 's geographical location is favourable to international trade and commerce because it has a coast of 7,517 km. India lies midway between the Far East and the Middle East. The Trans-Indian Ocean routes connecting the industrially developed countries of Europe in the west and the underdeveloped countries of East Asia pass close by. India being centrally located in South Asia, she enjoys an advantageous-position for doing trade with Australia and the countries of Africa, the Middle East and the Far East. Thus, India dominates the Indian Ocean and commands an important strategic position. |
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| 26. |
From which word is Feudalism derived? What is the meaning? |
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Answer» The word Feudalism is derived from the German word ‘Feud’, which means a piece of land. |
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| 27. |
Who were the parents of Mohammad. |
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Answer» Abdullah and Ameena were Mohammed’s parents. |
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| 28. |
Who were the parents of Mohammad? |
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Answer» Abdullah and Ameena were Mohammed’s parents. |
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| 29. |
Name any two historians of ancient Rome? |
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Answer» Livy and Virgil. |
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| 30. |
Match the column.A group B group 1) The southernmost point of India 1) Gangotri 2) The highlands in eastern Brazil2) Andes mountains3) The origin of Ganga3) Guyana Highlands4) the origin of Amazon 4) Indira Point5) Yamunotri 6) The Great Escarpment |
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| 31. |
Arrange the following in correct order and complete the chain.1) Physiographic divisions of India from north to south - Deccan Plateau- the Vindhyas- The Himalayas – The Northern Plains- The Satpuras 2) Physiographic divisions of Brazil from north west to south east - Brazilian Highlands- The Great Escarpment – Guyana Highlands – Amazon Plains 3) Arrange according to increasing population distribution Andhra Pradesh – Uttar Pradesh – Himachal Pradesh – Madhya Pradesh 4) Arrange according to decreasing amount of rainfall in Brazil Pernambuco – Rio Grande do Sul-Amazonas – Roraima |
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Answer» 1) The Himalayas - The Northern Plains - the Vindhyas - The Satpuras -Deccan Plateau 2) Guyana Highlands – Amazon Plains- Brazilian Highlands- The Great Escarpment 3) Himachal Pradesh – Madhya Pradesh - Andhra Pradesh – Uttar Pradesh 4) Roraima - Amazonas – Rio Grande do Sul - Pernambuco |
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| 32. |
From which word is Feudalism derived? What is its meaning? |
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Answer» The word Feudalism is derived from the German word ‘Feud’, which means a piece of land. |
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| 33. |
Answer in one sentence1) How is the population in India distributed? 2) Who established the early settlements in Brazil? 3) Between India and Brazil, whose per capital income is less? 4) Which south-flowing river of Brazil is good for navigation? 5) On which coast of India are deltas found? |
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Answer» 1) The population distribution in India is highly uneven. 2) Portuguese settlers established the early settlements in Brazil. 3) Between India and Brazil, India’s per capital income is less. 4) Parana, a south-flowing river, is good for navigation. 5) Deltas are found on the eastern coast of India. |
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| 34. |
Give geographical reasons.1) It is important to manage the waste generated during field visit. 2) The human settlement at Sao Paulo is nucleated. 3) India has deciduous forests. 4) In India, transportation is mainly carried out through railways. |
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Answer» 1) Points - Waste should not be thrown out of the window while travelling - following discipline is very important - - should not dirty or spoil the place we are visiting 2) Points - Equable/hospitable climate, fertile soil, ample availability - centre of coffee production, agricultural and industrial developmant, - storehouse of minerals and good power supply 3) Points - location of India – between the tropics - seasonal rainfall - seasons are different – high rate of evaporation during summers - trees shed leaves when water is scarce. 4) Points - Historically, railways have been used for long distance transportation, availability of plain region. - it is cheaper than the roadways - good connectivity by railways. - almost all parts of the country is connected by railways |
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| 35. |
Give geographical reasons: 1) The average annual temperature in India is generally high. 2) Brazil is known as the ‘ coffee pot of the world ‘ 3) The average life expectancy in India is increasing. 4) As compared to Amazon, the effect of water pollution in the Ganga river will affect human life more. |
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Answer» 1) Points- Tropic of cancer passes through the middle of the country - mostly high temperatures in summer which reaches upto 50 degrees celcius in desert areas. India lie in tropical region - perpendicular sunrays. 2) Points- since 150 years Brazil Is the leading coffee producer - introduced by the Portuguese - favourable climate, suitable soil, vast area of land available for fazendas 3) Points- earlier low life expectancy - high incidence of diseases and epidemics like chicken pox, malaria, cholera, etc. - with improvement in access to medical facilities and improvement in technology life expectancy is increasing - death due to epidemics is decreasing - awareness regarding good health is increasing, improved standard of living, nutritious food 4) Points- Amazon basin is not as populated as the Ganga basin - pollution in the Ganga river will affect the population living on its banks. On Ganga river banks high development in industries. |
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| 36. |
State whether the following statements are true or false and correct the false statements1) During a field visit, change in vegetation does not indicate the change in rainfall 2) Brazil was under Portuguese rule for one and half century. 3) To the western side of the Aravalis, lie the Ganga Plains. 4) In India, temperatures increase from north to south. 5) Huge anacondas are found in the swampy areas of Caatinga. |
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Answer» 1) False: During a field visit, change in vegetation indicates the change in rainfall. 2) False: Brazil was under Portuguese rule for more than three centuries. 3) False: To the eastern side of the Aravalis, lie the Ganga Plains. 4) True 5) False : Huge anacondas are found in the swampy areas of Pantanal. |
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| 37. |
Who occupied the city of Constantinople? and when? |
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Answer» The Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople in 1453. |
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| 38. |
Read the following map and answer the given questions. 1) Which method has been used to show distribution in this map ? 2) Name any one state in the north having low population 3) Name any one State/region with very dense population distribution 4) Comment upon the nature of population in the coastal region. 5) What is the nature of population in western Brazil. 6) Comment upon the trend of population distribution. |
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Answer» 1) Answer - Dot method 2) Answer - Roraima 3) Answer - Rio de Janeiro 4) Points - Highly dense population distribution. - Most of the Brazilians live on the coast 5) Points - highly sparse - dense forest, uneven topography - no development 6) Points - sparse in the west, north - dense in the south east |
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| 39. |
Read the following map and answer the given questions .i) Which states in the north-eastern India have less population density? ii) How much is the population density of Kerala? iii) Name any two states in the Ganga plains having high population density. iv) Name one state in the northern part of India which has low population density. v) Name the state on the eastern coast with high population density. vi) Name one state in the north-west having medium population density. |
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Answer» i) Arunachal Pradesh ii) more than 500 persons per sq.km. iii) Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal (Any Two) iv) Jammu and Kashmir v) West Bengal/Tamilnadu (Any one) vi) Rajasthan |
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| 40. |
State whether the following statements are true or false and correct the false statements 1) During a field visit, change in vegetation does not indicate the change in rainfall 2) Brazil was under Portuguese rule for one and half century. 3) To the western side of the Aravalis, lie the Ganga Plains. 4) In India, temperatures increase from north to south. 5) Huge anacondas are found in the swampy areas of Caatinga. |
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Answer» 1) False: During a field visit, change in vegetation indicates the change in rainfall. 2) False: Brazil was under Portuguese rule for more than three centuries. 3) False: To the eastern side of the Aravalis, lie the Ganga Plains. 4) True 5) False : Huge anacondas are found in the swampy areas of Pantanal. |
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| 41. |
Which were the important causes of the spread of Christianity? |
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Answer» The import causes for the spread of Christianity were:- 1. Personality of Jesus:- The simplicity of Jesus attracted common people to him. His appeal towards poor, sinners and sufferers and his spiritual power helped in the spread of religion. 2. Simple principles:- Jesus’ principles like fraternity, compassion, forgiveness and faith in the Kingdom of Heaven – all these made Jesus popular among the poor and the slaves. 3. Role of Apostles:- The 12 apostles played a dominant role in spreading Christianity by popularizing the principles of Jesus. Among them St. Peter and St. Paul are important. St. Peter founded a Church at Rome and became the first Pope to spread Christianity in Rome and Asia Minor. St. Peter was executed by Nero – the Emperor of Rome which made him a martyr. St. Paul became the second Pope. 4. Role of Church:- The Church became the chief institute for the preservation and propagation of the faith. People believed in Church as a way to Heaven and Pope as the representative of God. Despite persecutions, Christianity gained popularity. 5. Role of Constantine:- The persecution of the Christians stopped when Constantine became the Emperor of Rome. He built a new city called Constantinople and dedicated it to Virgin Mary. He issued the Edict of Milan, which made Christianity a legal religion in the Roman Empire and gave permission to the Christian missionaries to spread Christianity in the East. Under Emperor Theodosius in the 4th century C.E., Christianity became the state religion. |
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| 42. |
Name any two Geographical Explorers? |
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Answer» Vasco da Gama and Ferdinand Magellan. |
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| 43. |
Why is the periclean age called as the Golden – age? |
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Answer» Athenian democracy reached its greatest height, under the leadership of Pericles. He was a great radical in politics. It was he who completed the work of laying the foundation for democracy in Athens. He deprived the ‘Areopagus’ of its political powers and transferred the same to the council of five hundred. This body suggested measures to the Acclesia- the assembly. It was freely discussed by all the citizens of Athens and laws were passed. Another important feature of the Periclean age was jury system. Every year about 5000 jurors were elected for a term of one year. Being a great lover of democracy, he wanted even the poorest citizen to take interest in political affairs. This is what we call today, the Direct Democracy. Athens which was destroyed during the Persian war was rebuilt by Pericles. Athens became a centre of progress in art and architecture. Very large public buildings were constructed, which beautified Athens. The famous Parthenon or the temple of Virgin was built of coloured marble stones. It was the most beautiful temple. Pericles also patronized music. To protect his beautiful city from foreign invaders, he built Tong walls’ connecting the city with the port Piraeus. The age of Pericles produced great Philosophers like Socrates and his pupil, Plato. Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides were the dramatists of Periclean age. Hippocrates is regarded as the ‘Father of Medicine’. Herodotus is regarded as ‘The Father of History’. Thucycidides was another famous historian of the Periclean age. Sappho and Pindar lived duringthis period. Periclean age of Athens is regarded as the ‘School of Hellas’ and ‘The Golden Age’ . |
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| 44. |
What was Zoillvarein? |
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Answer» In 1834, Prussia worked for an economic union of the German States, namely the Customs Union called ‘Zollverein’ which allowed free trade amongst the States. The member states agreed to abolish the custom duties in their borders for each other for easy movement of goods. This was the first step towards the political unity. |
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| 45. |
What is “Veto Power” |
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Answer» Any permanent member can ‘Veto’ any decision of the Security Council. ‘Veto’ is a special power given to the five permanent members to negate any resolution of the United Nations. |
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| 46. |
Explain the important factors of Human. |
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Answer» Hominoids lived on tress. The trees provided them protection from the predators. The Hominoids were food gatherers. They procured food by gathering seeds, nuts, fruits, berries, tubers, etc. They were not meat eaters. Hominids adapted to land dwelling. They began to use caves and extended stone boulders as shelters. These shelters on land provided them with considerable safety from the predators and from rain, wind and the sun. The Neanderthal man was the earliest cave dweller. The shortage of food made them to scavenge for food. They covered long distances to forage or scavenge for naturally dead animals or leftovers of animals killed by predators. The above activities made them gradually develop an upright posture and consequently the bipedal motion. This was required for survival. Hominines and the archaic human species added planned hunting and fishing to the already existing gathering, foraging and scavenging techniques. Planned hunting and making tools stimulated the growth in the brain size. The growth in brain size in turn helped them to plan and make better tools. Domestication of animals was followed by the commencement of agriculture. Humans who were food gatherers and hunters till then, now became food growers or food producers. They were prepared to overcome the effects of the climate changes like the ice age by adapting to domestication of animals and agriculture. Dogs are believed to be the first animals to be domesticated as they were continuously hanging around the hunters’ camps to pick up bones and scrapes of meat. They developed a bond and dogs were domesticated. This was followed by sheep, goat, cow, cat, camel, and horse. Dogs helped humans in hunting and guarding their shelters. The rearing of animals made humans, nomads. Commencement of agriculture is considered as a revolutionary change in the history of human evolution. This was an important aspect of the Neolithic age. Humans began to grow various crops like wheat, rice, millets etc. The practice of agriculture is not more than 13,000 years old. It made them lead a settled life. This resulted in the formation of human settlements termed villages and later towns. Villages and towns were the foundations of civilizations. The Hominoids were quadrupeds. They walked on all four limbs, but, their forelimbs were flexible. The Hominids gradually adapted an upright posture. Hominines further adapted to bipedalism. The skeletal structure and the muscles also adjusted over a period of time to the upright posture and the bipedal motion, which freed the forelimbs. The forelimbs developed precision grip and power grip and evolved into hands. This greatly helped in hunting and defending from predators as hands could be used to make tools and also use them. Walking on two legs also provided a greater long distance vision and helped them to cover long distances without spending much energy. The use of tools is not confined to only humans. For e.g. some monkeys and apes use stones as tools to break nuts. But use of tools by humans is far more advanced compared to the monkeys and apes. Wood, bones and stones were used to make tools. They were mainly used for hunting or defending from predators. The use of stone tools is studied as the Stone Age in history. The making and use of stones tools were responsible to the evolution of forelimbs into hands and also the growth in brain size. The oldest known stone tools are the ‘Oldowan stone tools’ from Ethiopia which are dated to a period 2.6 million years ago. The skill and advancement in making stone tools have made historians to classify the Stone Age as Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic stone ages. In course of time, humans began to produce metals from ores and make copper, bronze and iron tools which are studied in history as the respective metal ages. The Australopithecus species is said to have first used the naturally available stones as tools. But, the making of stone tools from naturally available stones and using them is positively identified to have begun with Homo habilis. |
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| 47. |
When was the first summit of Non – Aligned countries held? who president over it? |
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Answer» The first summit of Non- Aligned Countries was held at Belgrade in 1961. Josip Broz Tito, the President of Yugoslavia presided over it. |
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| 48. |
Who gave the slogan 'Non Congresism'.(A) Chandra Shekha(B) Ram Manohar Lohia(C) Karpuri Thakur(D) Sardar Patel |
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Answer» Ram Manohar Lohia gave the slogan 'Non Congresism'. |
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| 49. |
Who was the President of First Aligned Movement?(a) Jawahar Lal Nehre(b) Sukarno(c) Abdul Nasir(d) Marshal Tito |
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Answer» Abdul Nasir was the President of First Aligned Movement. |
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| 50. |
Which State Left the WARSAW PACT, first of all?(a) Poland(b) Yugoslavia(c) Albania(d) East Germany |
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Answer» Left the WARSAW PACT, first of all Albania. |
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