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1.	The following are some of the errors that are associated with a total station survey work. Vertical collimation error, Centering error, Horizontal collimation error, Eccentricity error Categorize the given errors as those due to temporary adjustments (T) and permanent adjustments(P).1.T: Centering errorP: Vertical collimation error, Horizontal collimation error, Eccentricity error2.T: Centering error, Horizontal collimation error, Eccentricity errorP: Vertical collimation error3.T: Eccentricity error, Horizontal collimation error,P: Centering error, Vertical collimation error4.T: Vertical collimation error, Horizontal collimation errorP: Centering error, Eccentricity error
Answer» Correct Answer - Option 1 : T: Centering error P: Vertical collimation error, Horizontal collimation error, Eccentricity error Explanation: The following are some of the errors that are associated with a total station survey work: A. Errors as those due to temporary adjustments (T) - Centering error B. Errors as those due to permanent adjustments (P) - Vertical collimation error, Horizontal collimation error, Eccentricity error Centering error: While centering, it is necessary to ensure the approximate levelness; otherwise, the centering will be disturbed when subsequent leveling of the instrument is done. It can be done by laser plummet. Horizontal collimation error(or line of sight): This axial error is caused when the line of sight is not perpendicular to the tilting axis. It affects all horizontal circle readings and increases with steps sighting, but this is eliminated by observing two faces. Vertical collimation error: A vertical collimation error exists on a total station if the 0⁰ to 180⁰ line in the vertical circle does not coincide with its vertical axis. It is eliminated by taking FL and FR readings. Eccentricity error: It exists when the theoretical center of the mechanical axis of the theodolite does not coincide exactly with the center of the measuring circle. It is eliminated by measuring both faces. Tilting axis error: These axial errors occur when the tilting axis of the total station is not perpendicular to its vertical axis. It is eliminated by two face measurements.

The following are some of the errors that are associated with a total station survey work. Vertical collimation error, Centering error, Horizontal collimation error, Eccentricity error Categorize the given errors as those due to temporary adjustments (T) and permanent adjustments(P).1.T: Centering errorP: Vertical collimation error, Horizontal collimation error, Eccentricity error2.T: Centering error, Horizontal collimation error, Eccentricity errorP: Vertical collimation error3.T: Eccentricity error, Horizontal collimation error,P: Centering error, Vertical collimation error4.T: Vertical collimation error, Horizontal collimation errorP: Centering error, Eccentricity error

Answer» Correct Answer - Option 1 :

T: Centering error

P: Vertical collimation error, Horizontal collimation error, Eccentricity error

Explanation:

The following are some of the errors that are associated with a total station survey work:

A. Errors as those due to temporary adjustments (T) - Centering error

B. Errors as those due to permanent adjustments (P) - Vertical collimation error, Horizontal collimation error, Eccentricity error

Centering error: While centering, it is necessary to ensure the approximate levelness; otherwise, the centering will be disturbed when subsequent leveling of the instrument is done. It can be done by laser plummet.

Horizontal collimation error(or line of sight): This axial error is caused when the line of sight is not perpendicular to the tilting axis. It affects all horizontal circle readings and increases with steps sighting, but this is eliminated by observing two faces.

Vertical collimation error: A vertical collimation error exists on a total station if the 0⁰ to 180⁰ line in the vertical circle does not coincide with its vertical axis. It is eliminated by taking FL and FR readings.

Eccentricity error: It exists when the theoretical center of the mechanical axis of the theodolite does not coincide exactly with the center of the measuring circle. It is eliminated by measuring both faces.

Tilting axis error: These axial errors occur when the tilting axis of the total station is not perpendicular to its vertical axis. It is eliminated by two face measurements.

Discussion

What is the average triangle closure for tertiary triangulation?1. Less than 1 s2. 3 s3. 9 s4. 6 s

Answer» Correct Answer - Option 4 : 6 s

Concepts:

The triangulation Survey is classified into three types on the basis of triangulation of a line of length and azimuth with accuracy.

The general specifications of these three types of surveys are given below in the tabulated form:

Parameter	Primary Triangulation	Secondary Triangulation	Tertiary Triangulation
Average triangle closure	Less than a Second	Less than 3 Seconds	Less than 6 Seconds
Maximum triangle closure Length	Less than 3 seconds	Less than 8 seconds	Less than 12 seconds
Length of the sides of triangles	30 to 150 kms	8 to 65 kms	1.5 to 10 kms
Actual error of base	1 in 300000	1 in 150000	1 in 75000
Probable error of base	1 in 1000000	1 in 5000000	1 in 250000

Discussion