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Tsunami in Indian ocean took place in the year 2004.

(a) Terrorism

1. Landslide is a rapid downward movement of rock, soil and vegetation down the slope under the influence of gravity.

2. The causes of landslides are wide ranging, They have two aspects in common.

3. Force of gravity and

4. Failure of Soil

5. Landslides are considered of two types.

They are:

• Naturally occuring disaster.
• Human induced changes in the environment.

6. Natural causes of landslides are:

• Climatic changes
• Seismic activities
• Weathering
• Soil erosion
• Forest fires
• Gravity and Volcanic eruption

7. Human causes of landslides includes deforestation mining, construction of roads and railways over the mountain.

(a) A is correct and R is the correct explanation of A

Water Pollution:

1. Water pollution may be defined as alteration in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water which may cause harmful effects in human and aquatic life.

2. In India, water pollution has been taking place on a large scale.

3. Some of these waterborne diseases are Typhoid, Cholera, Paratyphoid fever, Dysentery, Jaundice and Malaria.

4. Chemicals in the water also have negative effects on our health.

5. Pesticides – can damage the nervous system and cause cancer because of the Carbonates and organophosphere that they may contain.

6. Both surface and groundwater bodies are polluted to a great extent.

Earthquakes:

Earthquake is a violent tremor in the earth’s crust, sending out a series of shock waves in all directions from its place of origin.

Effects of Earthquakes:

1. The Primary effects of earthquakes are ground shaking, ground rupture, landslides, Tsunamis and soil liquefaction.

2. The Secondary effects of earthquakes are fires.

3. The effects of earthquakes are terrible and devasting. Thus leads to distraction of buildings, loss of money, property and lines of people. This affects the mental and emotional health of people.

Pollution of Air : 

1. Air is a mixture of several gases. 

2. The main gases are nitrogen (78.09%) for forming products such as fertilizers for plants and for making the air inert, oxygen (20.95%) for breathing and carbon dioxide (0.03%) for photosynthesis. 

3. Some other gases like argon, neon, helium, krypton, hydrogen, zenon and methane are also present.

4. Air pollution is the contamination of the indoor or outdoor air by a range of gases. Air pollution can be categorized into primary and secondary pollutants. 

5. A primary pollutant is an air pollutant emitted directly from a source.

6. A secondary pollutant is not directly emitted.

7. Primary pollutants are as follows:

• Oxides of Sulphur
• Oxides of Nitrogen
• Oxides of Carbon
• Particulate Matter
• Other primary pollutants

8. Secondary pollutants are as follows:

• Ground Level Ozone
• Smog

1. Tsunami refers to huge ocean waves caused by an earthquake, landslide or volcanic eruption.

2. It is generally noticed in the coastal regions and travel between 640 and 960 Km/h.

1. Chemicals 

2. Biomedical wastes

3. Flammable wastes 

4. Explosives