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It deals with Geographical environment on population growth, density, distribution, migration etc.

Five sub – divisions of human geography are: resource geography, agriculture geography, political geography, cultural geography and historical geography.

Influence of natural powers is visible on the ancient civilizations of India, China, Egypt and Rome.

Land, water, forests and minerals are mainly included in, natural resources.

Today, due to the rapid environmental degradation and increase in the problems of population, environmental planning has become an integral part of geography.

The process of adaptation and adjustment with the environment and its transformation had begun along with the rise of mankind.

The study of geographical environment on political aspects such as states, nations and boundaries etc.

The study of natural feature of earth Sun for ex. Land, air, water, climate etc.

The study of cultural evolution, diffusion and morphology and social life of.the world.

Indus – Valley civilization, Mohenjodaro, Babylon, Egypt, China and Mesopotamia civilization were the major centres of ancient civilizations.

Major elements of the cultural environment include adaptation of living beings and humans with the environment, modes of livelihood, transportation, building construction material, settlement, roads, industries and landscapes formed by human activities.

Human society and its geographical relations are not stable but all of these are dynamic. Study of these relations according to time is called temporal succession.

According to Aristotle, environment controls human contemplation and behaviour. He had told that the humans living in cold regions were brave but weak at contemplation while the people from Asia were lazy but ruminant.

• The study of influence of geographical factors on economic activities of man.
• The study of geographical environment on political aspects such as states, nations and boundaries etc.

• The study of natural feature of earth Sun for ex. Land, air, water, climate etc. 
• The study of man made features on the surface of the Earth for Ex: agriculture, industry, transport, communication etc.

Due to the dissatisfaction and inhumane form arising out of quantitative revolution, the following three new concepts emerged in geography during the decade of 1970s:

1. Welfare or Humanistic Concept: This concept of human geography was mainly related to various aspects of social welfare. In this, aspects such as residence, healthcare and education were included.

2. Radical Concept: In this concept of human geography, the theory of Karl Marx was used to interpret the reasons of poverty, bonds and social inequality. The contemporary social problems were related to the development of capitalism.

3. Behavioural Concept: Along with direct experience, this concept of human geography emphasised more on the direct cognition of social sub-classes based on human races, species and religion, etc.

French scholar Paul Vidal de La Blache gave the concept of Possibilism.

Meaning of Cultural Environment: Landscapes which are formed on the earth by the transformation of naturally provided conditions done by humans are included in the sphere of cultural environment.

Elements of Cultural Environment: All such elements which are included in the study of human geography, are the elements of cultural environment. Cultural elements depict the interrelationship between the man and the environment. Therefore, adaptation of living beings and humans with the environment, sources of livelihood, transportation, building construction material, settlement, etc. are included in cultural elements.

Correct Answer is : (d) Ritter

(c) Griffith Taylor

(a) Hecataeus

Halford Mackinder of England. 

(a) Ells worth Huntington 

(b) Carl 0 Sauer and 

(c) Ellen C Semple.

Presenting the questions such as where, when and how did the development of human activities took place, with geographical point of view, describes the nature of human geography.

Human geography studies the relations between physical environment and cultural environment, the local distribution of human happenings and social and economic diversity in different parts of the world.

How are human conditions distributed on the earth’s surface? It is not enough to know only about this, instead, it is also important to know that why are they distributed in this manner? Without knowing about this, the study of geography cannot be useful. All these variations are either due to the natural environment or due to human activities. How has mankind put its mark on the earth through its activities is also included in the subject matter of human geography.

The major subjects of study in human geography include the distribution of resources in various sections of the society, their consumption and conservation. All these facts can be studied only in context of a region. Today, environmental degradation and problems of pollution are on a rise. Therefore, environmental planning also has become a major part of human geography. All these conditions are a consequence of the mixed nature of regional adjustment.

Biotic, Abiotic and cultural factors.

Correct Answer is : (c) German

(a) Griffith Taylor

According to Dicken and Pitts, “Human geography is looked upon as the study of man and his works.”

According to Ellen C. Semple, “human geography is a study of the changing relationships between the unresting man and the unstable earth.”

Human geography studies interrelationship between natural environment and humans. In this, various facts of human population, natural resources, cultural aims, traditions and customs are studied. 

Main aspects of the human geography are divided into the following categories :

1. Human resources. 

2. Natural resources. 

3. Man – made cultural landscape. 

4. Adjustment between human and environment. 

5. Economic, social and cultural relationship between different regions. 

6. Temporal succession.

Human geography mainly focuses on the study of ecological adjustment and regional organisation of various regions. In what way does a group of humans living in a region on earth utilises the environment for its biotic, economic, social and cultural development, and what changes does it make in the environment? Study of all these facts is the basis of human geography. It is due to the humans that population, population regions and resources have emerged.

Mankind has changed, transformed and adjusted its activities and lifestyle according to its environment. In this way, we can see that whatever is included in the subject matter of human geography is directly or indirectly associated with human itself. In this subject, study of the mutual relationships of all the complex facts of the human and the environment along with time is done while assuming the human to be the basis. Due to these conditions only, human geography as a subject focuses mainly on humans.

During the medieval period, due to efficiency in navigation, researches and due to increase in technical know how and knowledge, vivid information was obtained about the countries and people, by which myths and mysteries started to be solved. Due to this reason only, this period proved to be a new period for human geography

(b) Ellen Semple

In the form of a subject of study, geography is a contemporary, critically empirical and practical subject.

In this period mystery about countries and people began to be revealed due to sufficiency in navigation, discoveries about countries and proficiency in technology. Colonisation and trade interest resulted into the spread of broad knowledge about the world due to the discoveries of new regions and research.

In this period, more emphasis was laid on discoveries, exposition and regional analysis. All the aspects of region were broadly described in regional analysis. It was believed that all the regions are perfect units and parts of the earth. It will help the people to understand the earth by understanding the regions. On this basis, geographical studies were done.