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1.	Describe the GAS model and illustrate the relevance of this model with the help of an example.
Answer» Hans Selye’s GAS Model explains the influence of stress on the body. • From his studies, he found that there was a similar pattern of bodily responses in animals to a variety of stressors. • According to Hans Selye,stress refer to non-specific bodily reactions. He believed that stresses may be many but responses are only physiological reactions. Selye is known as ‘father of modern stress researches’. He did many experiments on animals in extreme climatic conditions as well as he observed chronic patients and concluded that reaction of stress is the same. • On the basis of his experimental conclusions, he gave a pattern of stress reactions . He called this pattern the General Adaptation Syndrome and it involves three stages: 1.Alarm Reaction: The presence of a harmful stimulus or stressor leads to activation of the adrenal-pituitary-cortex system. This triggers the release of hormones which produces the stress response and prepares the individual for fight or flight. 2.Resistance: If stress is prolonged, the parasympathetic nervous system calls for more cautious use of the body’s resources. During this stage, an individual makes an effort to cope with the threat. 3.Exhaustion: Continued exposure to the same stressor or additional stressors drains the body of its resources and leads to burn out. The physiological systems involved in the first two stages become ineffective and susceptibility to stress-related diseases like high blood-pressure increases. This model is widely criticized because it focuses only on physiological aspects of stress and ignores the psychological dimension of stress.

Describe the GAS model and illustrate the relevance of this model with the help of an example.

Answer»

Hans Selye’s GAS Model explains the influence of stress on the body.

• From his studies, he found that there was a similar pattern of bodily responses in animals to a variety of stressors.

• According to Hans Selye,stress refer to non-specific bodily reactions. He believed that stresses may be many but responses are only physiological reactions. Selye is known as ‘father of modern stress researches’. He did many experiments on animals in extreme climatic conditions as well as he observed chronic patients and concluded that reaction of stress is the same.

• On the basis of his experimental conclusions, he gave a pattern of stress reactions . He called this pattern the General Adaptation Syndrome and it involves three stages:

1.Alarm Reaction: The presence of a harmful stimulus or stressor leads to activation of the adrenal-pituitary-cortex system. This triggers the release of hormones which produces the stress response and prepares the individual for fight or flight.

2.Resistance: If stress is prolonged, the parasympathetic nervous system calls for more cautious use of the body’s resources. During this stage, an individual makes an effort to cope with the threat.

3.Exhaustion: Continued exposure to the same stressor or additional stressors drains the body of its resources and leads to burn out. The physiological systems involved in the first two stages become ineffective and susceptibility to stress-related diseases like high blood-pressure increases. This model is widely criticized because it focuses only on physiological aspects of stress and ignores the psychological dimension of stress.

Discussion

2.	Explain the concept of stress. Give examples from daily life.
Answer» The pattern of responses an organism makes to stimulus event that disturbs the equilibrium and exceeds a person’s ability to cope. Origin in the Latin word ‘strictus’, meaning tight/narrow and ‘stringere’ (to tighten). Stress may get manifested in two forms : (a) Eustress : The level qf stress that is good for you and is one of a person’s best assets for achieving peak performance and managing minor crises. This is positive, healthy and inspiring. (b)Distress: Manifestation of stress that causes our body’s wear and tear. It is negative, unhealthy and demotivating. Stressors: Events that cause our body to give the stress response. Whatever causes stress is known as stressor. Strain: Reaction to external stressors is known as strain.Hans Selye (Father of modem stress research) defined stress as a non-specific response of the body to any demands. Basic Features of Stress: 1. Different stressors may produce different patterns of stress reaction. 2. Stress is embedded in the ongoing process that involves individuals interacting ’ with their social and cultural environment. Stress is a dynamic mental/cognitive state. It is a disruption in homeostasis/imbalance that gives rise to resolution of the imbalance/restoration of homeostasis. Perception of stress is dependent on an individual’s cognitive appraisal of events and the resources available to deal with them.

Explain the concept of stress. Give examples from daily life.

Answer»

The pattern of responses an organism makes to stimulus event that disturbs the equilibrium and exceeds a person’s ability to cope. Origin in the Latin word ‘strictus’, meaning tight/narrow and ‘stringere’ (to tighten). Stress may get manifested in two forms :

(a) Eustress : The level qf stress that is good for you and is one of a person’s best assets for achieving peak performance and managing minor crises. This is positive, healthy and inspiring.

(b)Distress: Manifestation of stress that causes our body’s wear and tear. It is negative, unhealthy and demotivating. Stressors: Events that cause our body to give the stress response. Whatever causes stress is known as stressor.

Strain: Reaction to external stressors is known as strain.Hans Selye (Father of modem stress research) defined stress as a non-specific response of the body to any demands.

Basic Features of Stress:

1. Different stressors may produce different patterns of stress reaction.

2. Stress is embedded in the ongoing process that involves individuals interacting ’ with their social and cultural environment. Stress is a dynamic mental/cognitive state. It is a disruption in homeostasis/imbalance that gives rise to resolution of the imbalance/restoration of homeostasis. Perception of stress is dependent on an individual’s cognitive appraisal of events and the resources available to deal with them.

Discussion