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Salivary glands, pancreas and liver

Testis is the primary reproductive organ in males.

Formation of gametes (male or female) is called gametogenesis.

Sphincters control the movement of food through alimentary canal and prevent backflow of food.

(c) 40 weeks

Ovary is the primary reproductive organ in females.

The system which converts the components of food into simple and absorbable substances is called digestive system.

(d) Lymphocyte

Correct answer is (a) Kidneys

(d) Pineal gland

(a) Bone marrow

80% people in the world have Rh positive blood.

(c) Platelets

Spinal cord controls various voluntary actions. Spinal cord provides a passage to nerve signals from brain to different organs and vice versa.

Respiratory muscles play important role in respiration. The diaphragm contracts to create negative pressure inside lungs. This facilitates entry of air from outside. Intercostalis muscles also play important role in breathing. These muscles are attached between the ribs and are important in manipulating the width of the rib cage.

Nervous system and Endocrine system

Correct answer is (c) Two

Blood is a fluid connective tissue. There are two parts in blood, viz. 

Plasma and formed elements:

Plasma: Plasma composes about 55% of total blood. About 92% of plasma is composed of water and rest is composed of organic and inorganic substances.
Formed elements are composed of cells which are as follows:

Red Blood Cells or Red Blood Corpuscles (RBCs): RBCs comprise 99% of blood cells. RBCs contain a protein called haemoglobin which imparts red colour to them. They lack nucleus. The life of RBCs is 120 days.
White Blood Cells or White Blood Corpuscles (WBCs): These are colourless as haemoglobin is absent in them. They provide immunity to the body and fight against diseases. WBCs are produced in bone marrow. There are two types of WBCs, viz. granulocytes and agranulocytes.

• Granulocytes: Neutrophil, eosinophil and basophil are the granulocytes. Neutrophils are largest in number.
• Agranulocytes: Lymphocytes and monocytes are the agranulocytes. Lymphocytes are of three types, viz. B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Lymphocytes provide immunity against diseases. Monocyte becomes macrophage after attaining maturity. Neutrophil, lymphocyte and macrophage are the prime defenders and eat away antigens.
• Platelets: They are also known as thrombocytes. There are about 3 lakh platelets per cubic mm of blood. The lifespan of platelets is of 10 days. Platelets facilitate clotting of blood.

Importance of Blood:

• Blood transports different substances in the body.
• It controls the temperature of body.
• It maintains pH of body.
• It plays an important role in immunity

Atrium or auricle.

Antigen A and antigen B.

Red Blood Cells.

They eat away antigens.

Haemoglobin.

(a) Squamous epithelium

(b) Epithelium

2 lobes are present in the left lung.

(a) Duodenum

Absorption of digested food primarily happens in jejunum which is the middle part of small intestine.

Correct answer is (b) Jejunum

(d) Small intestine

Conversion of complex nutrients into simple substances to make them soluble and absorbable is called digestion. The components of food are complex substances and cannot be utilized by the body. They need to be changed into simple substances so that the body can utilize them. Hence, there is the need for digestion.

Removal of metabolic wastes from body is called excretion. Many waste products are created in the body during various metabolic processes. These substances would prove harmful and even toxic if they are not removed from the body on time. Hence, there is a need for excretion.

The blood vessel which carries blood from other organs to heart is called vein. Most of the veins carry deoxygenated blood.

Ammonotelic.

The major vein brings blood from systemic veins to heart.

The double membranous covering around the heart is called pericardium.

10 days is the life span of platelets.

5 litre blood is present in the body of a normal adult.

Nephron is the functional unit of kidney.

Six molar teeth are present in each jaw.

16 teeth are present in each jaw in a normal adult.

Birds, lizards.

Correct answer is (c) Canine

(c) Adrenal gland

Mouth plays a secondary role in respiration and facilitates breathing in case the nasal passage is obstructed for some reason.

Correct answer is (a) Synapse

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate).

This is a very small part of brain. Midbrain lies below the forebrain and somewhere between forebrain and hindbrain. The midbrain is composed of four lobes which are called corora quadrigemina. The upper lobes are responsible for sense of vision while lower lobes are responsible for sense of hearing.

Thyroxin is a hormone which is produced by thyroid gland. Iodine is the main constituent of this hormone. This hormone plays many important functions. It helps in production of red blood cells. It controls the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and fat. Iodine deficiency reduces the production of thyroxin which leads to a disease called goiter.

After fertilization, the zygote undergoes many rounds of mitosis. This results in a multicellular structure which appears like a ball. This process is called cleavage and the structure is called blastula. After that, the embryo moves down the uterus and gets implanted in endometrium. This is called implantation. Implantation marks the beginning of pregnancy.