Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

Every’ good plan should include financial controls during implementation. Financial control is a system developed to allow the business to control and monitor the acquisition, allocation and utilization of the financial resources to ensure they are done in accordance with the plan.

Factors to be considered while preparing a suitable capital plan: 

(i) Objective: All capital plans should be designed to achieve the financial objectives of a company. The basic financial objective is the procurement of funds at the lowest cost.

(ii) Size of the firm: Capital plan must take into account the size of the firm. A large enterprise aiming at steady growth will need more funds. Post record and credit standing of the firm reputation and attitudes of management and the degree of the risk the firm is willing to assume also influence capital planning.

(iii) Market Conditions: Capital plan depends on the cost of alternative sources of finance and attitudes of financial institutions and banks. Availability of alternative sources of funds and their merits and demerits affects the choice of the type of securities to be issued.

(iv) Degree of risk: Degree of risk is another important factor while formulating a capital plan for an enterprise. The degree of risk which an enterprise is willing to assume influences capital planning. If an enterprise raises funds by issuing shares, there is a risk because it is not necessary to pay a dividend if profits are inadequate. However, too much dependence on shares may dilute control of the company.

Physical exercise is considered important for maintaining physical fitness and maintaining healthy bones, muscles and joints. Frequent and regular physical exercise is an important component in the prevention of some of the disease, such as heart diseases; cancer, obesity and back pain. 

By staying physically active, teenagers can reduce. the risk of stress, depression and other mental health issues. Physical activity can also help teenagers maintain a positive body image because physical activity is so beneficial to human body. 

Exercising burns calories, helping teenagers avoid weight gain and develop lean toned physiques. Maintaining a healthy weight reduces the risk of diseases such as type II diabetes and high blood pressure, which are becoming more prevalent among teens.

An Economy can be classified in various ways. One such way is purely theoretical. In this context, there are four sectors of an economy. These are households, firms, government and the rest-of-the-world. If we consider only the first three sectors, it becomes a closed economy. Inclusion of the last sector (also called the foreign sector) makes it an open economy. Considering only the first two sectors, it becomes a two-sector model;

Circular flow of income model is a model used to show the flow of income through an economy. Through showing the leakages in the economy and the injections, the different factors affecting the economic activities are apparent. Just like leakage in a fish tank, a leakage in the economy. leads to a decrease in economic activity.

And just like an injection into a fish tank where the water level rises, an injection in an economy leads to an increase in economic activity. To understand how the circular flow of income can be used to show disequilibrium in the economy you must first understand what disequilibrium is. Disequilibrium is the state where economic activity is not equal, that is where leakage > injections or when leakages < injections. whereas the state of equilibrium is when leakages = injections. Hence disequilibrium is when the savings are either greater or less than the investment.

Two features of the Indian Monsoon are : 

(i) Alternate dry and wet spells. 

(ii) Reversal of winds according to the season.

Jaipur has higher annual range of temperature because it is far from the sea and lie in desert area which has higher range of temperature. Mumbai is close to the sea and has low range of temperature.

१०, करोल बाग

नई दिल्ली

दिनांक- २६ अप्रैल २०….

सेवा में,

श्रीमान संपादक महोदय,

हिंदुस्तान दैनिक, दिल्ली

विषय: दिल्ली में बढ़ती अपराध वृत्ति के बारे में।

महोदय,

मैं आपके लोकप्रिय समाचार पत्र के माध्यम से दिल्ली सरकार के अधिकारियों का ध्यान दिल्ली में बढ़ती हुई अपराध वृत्ति की ओर दिलाना चाहती हूं। आशा है कि आप मेरे पत्र को अपने लोकप्रिय समाचार पत्र में प्रकाशित करेंगे। विगत 1 माह से इस क्षेत्र में अपराध प्रवृत्ति बढ़ गई है। आजकल गुंडागर्दी ,हत्याएं ,लूटपाट, बलात्कार  जैसी अपराधिक घटनाएं लगातार हो रही हैं। आए दिन घरों के ताले तोड़कर चोर घरों में घुसकर वारदातों को अंजाम दे रहे हैं। लुटेरों की हिम्मत भी इतनी इतना बढ़ गयी है कि राह चलती महिलाओं के गले से चेन खींचने की घटनाएं भी आम बात हो गई है। बढ़ते अपराधों से महिलाएं डर के कारण घर से अकेले आने जाने का भी साहस नहीं जुटा पाती हैं।

महोदय दुख तो इस बात का है कि अनेक राजनीतिक दल गैर सरकारी संस्थाओं तथा छात्र संगठनों के द्वारा कई बार इस और ध्यान रख दिलाए जाने के बावजूद केंद्र सरकार कुछ नहीं कर रही है। वह संबंधित पुलिस अधिकारियों को कड़े निर्देश जारी नहीं करती।

मेरा केंद्र सरकार तथा पुलिस के अधिकारियों से अनुरोध है कि वे इस संबंध में कठोर कार्यवाही करें, जिससे अपराधियों के मन में डर उत्पन्न हो और अपराध करने से पहले सौ बार सोचे।

धन्यवाद!

भवदीया

कखग

The Balfour Declaration was a short letter by Arthur Balfour to arguably one of the most influential Jewish families – the Rothschild’s. It was assumed that the letter was all about the British government’s support to the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

Feedback is a reversal of communication process in which receiver expresses his reaction to the sender of message. Feedback is important to ensure that receiver has received and understood the message.

Steps in preparing a family budget: It include the following steps : 

• Prepare a list of commodities and other services which are needed by the family members. 

• After preparing the list now estimate the cost of the desired items. 

• Now, bring your expected income and expenditure in balance. 

• Always check your plans to see if these are realistic. Means whether the needs of the members have been met or not.

Reasons for saving: 

• Reduces economic insecurity especially in old age after retirement. 

• During illness or physical inability. 

• During emergency – Loss of job/accident. 

• Useful for children’s education, marriage. 

• Useful in making big purchases like house, car, etc

Importance of saving deposits : 

The main and useful importances of saving deposits are given below : 

• It becomes a source of income.

• Such deposits are important during an emergency such as natural calamity, loss. 

• These are also useful for marriage, child education. 

• Also used in the future. 

• Reduced insecurity especially when you get old.

Factors affecting family budget: 

1. Composition of the family – the number of members along with earning members affects the family budget. 

2. Family life cycle – at which stage is the family – beginning, expanding or contracting family. 

3. Economic status – expenditure varies with the standard of living that the family has to maintain. 

4. Religious ceremonies and celebrations – the amount of entertainment done by the family and observing traditional values, bring forth a number of ceremonies to be performed. 

5. Place of stay – if the family lives in a small town, rates are comparatively low, overall expenses on necessities are less and so the family can spend on luxuries. The distance of place of work from home also affects the family budget.

Steps in preparing budget: For making budget a success, we should include some steps. These steps include fundamental decisions which make budgeting a complicated procedure, but gives a realistic picture of the entire planning for the family ‘s money resources and planned expenditures. Following are the steps for preparing budget: 

• List commodities and sendees required by family members throughout the proposed budget period. 

• Estimate the cost of desired items. 

• Estimate total expected income. 

• Bring expected income and expenditures into balance. 

• Check plans to see that they have a reasonable chance of success and possibilities of saving for future.

Functions of a Bank : 

Bank is an institution which accepts deposits from the public and in return advances loans by creating credit. Banks perform so many functions and provide varieties of services to the present society. 

1. A bank receive deposits from the public for the purpose of making investments and granting loans. 

2. The bank also lends out the money which it gets from the deposits of the public. 

3. Bank also grant loans for, a specific time period. 

There are many other functions which a bank do. These were few of them.

Fixed Deposit Account: Deposits which are made for a specified period and whose amount cannot be withdrawn before the expiry. These deposits are repayble, but only after the expiry of a fixed period such as one year, 5 year etc. Fixed deposits are also known as long-term deposits. For such long-term investment, higher rate of interest is offered. Large the time period of the deposits higher will be the rate of interest. 

Importance: 

1. These are very flexible in nature. 

2. Fixed deposits offers guaranteed returns. The interest rate is also higher.

Role of endocrine glands: 

The endocrine system is made-up of glands which regulate and secrete hormones. Endocrine glands are also known as Ductless glands because these have not special ducts. 

Hormones are the chemical messenger of the body. Hormones regulate the growth, metabolism, sexual development and other functions of the body. Thyroid, Adrenals, Pituitary, Hypothalamus and Reproductive organs are the major glands of the endocrine system. 

Reproductive organs play important role in secreting sex hormones. Sex hormones are responsible for the sexual growth and other physical development. Pancreas is also an important part of this system because it has great role in hormone production and in digestion also.

Social development in 5-12 years: 

• School teaches the child values, goals and approved ways of behavior. 

• Learns new social rules. 

• Feedback from classmates helps a child to change his behavior. 

• Learns to make social contacts and get along with children of his own age. 

• Learns to cooperate in a group.

Procedure of opening a saving account: 

If you want to open a saving account, firstly you have to go to a bank. Get a form of opening a bank account from the accountant, fill that form. This form include a specimen signature, this is very important. Because every time when you fill a cheque or a withdrawl form to draw out money from the bank your sign will be matched before giving you money. 

What you need to open a bank/saving account are listed below: 

• Fill the prescribed form 

• Specimen signature card 

• Address verification proof 

• Two copies of passport size photograph 

• Deposit slip 

• Cash money (Min. – ₹ 500) 

• Pan card 

Passbook is given after a week of opening the account. This passbook contains your money transaction details. A cheque book is also given to you. You can make a cheque payment by filling the columns given and signing the cheque.

Factors affecting physical development of a child. 

1. Good nutritive food 

2. Proper exercise 

3. Behaviour of the family

Ways in which health of an individual can be affected by stress : Stress has been implicated in the occurrence of heart disease, high blood pressure, hardening the arteries, ulcers and even diabetes. It interferes with efficient operation of our immune system, this elaborate internal mechanism through which our bodies recognize and destroy potentially harmful substances and intruders, such as bacteria, viruses and cancerous cells. Prolonged exposure to stress seem to disrupt this system.

Studies of the effect of stress on animals and humans suggest that a variety of stressors, including disruptions in interpersonal relationships, loneliness, academic pressure, daily hassles and the lack of social support, can interfere with our immune systems. Persons who are divorced or separated from their spouses often experience reduced functioning in certain aspects of their immune system, compared to individuals who are happily married.

Diabetes : When stressed, the blood sugar level rises. Stress hormone like cortisol and epinephrine are released as they raise blood sugar to help boost energy when it is needed the most. Both physical and emotional stress can prompt and increase these hormones resulting in an increase in blood sugar.

Ulcer and High Blood Pressure (Hyper-tension) : Stress causes psycho-physiological (mind-body) illness. This illness which include certain forms of hypertension, ulcers and headaches, are not caused by known physical disorders. Instead, the culprit is stress. In people with reactive temperaments chronic stress produces various changes. If there is prolonged resentment, anger or anxiety may stimulate an excess of digestive acids that eats away parts of the lining of the stomach or small intestine, creating ulcers. Another person under stress may retain excess sodium and fluids which together with construct the arteries cell walls, contributes to increased blood pressure. 

Stress and cancer : Several investigators report that people are at risk for cancer a year or so after experiencing depression, helplessness or bereavement. Cancer occur more often than usual among those who are widows, divorced or separated. Alan Justice notes that stress does not create cancer cells, rather it affects their growth by weakening the body naturally defuses against a few proliferating malignant cells. 

Stress and heart attack : Friedman and Raseman measured the blood cholesterol level and clotting speed of 40 US tax accountants from January to March, both of these coronary warning indicators more completely normal. Then, as the accountants began scrambling to finish their tax returns before April 15th filing deadline, their cholesterol and clotting measures rose to dangerous levels in May and June with the deadlines past the measures returned to normal. The researches launch had paid off. Stress predicted heart attack risk. Type A people more prone to heart attacks. They smoke more, sleep less and drink milk and more caffeinated drinks. All contribute to coronary risk.

The biological model emphasized the role of the nervous system in mental disorder. This approach seeks to understand such disorders in terms of malfunctioning of portions of the brain imbalances in various neuro-transmitters and genetic factors. Disorder of CNS, ANS or endocrine system, either inherited or caused by some excess destruction of brain tissue. 

• Neurotransmitter and abnormal imbalance in brain, imbalance of neurotransmitter. 

• Genetic vulnerability, depression, schizo-phrenia and alcoholism only manifest in later life. Teen or adulthood temperament. 

• Chromosomal abnormalities – Down’s Syndrome. 

It is seen that many mental disorders show a high degree of concordance among close relatives. If one family members develops a disorder, other are at increased risk for developing it too. The biological model has becomes increasingly influential in recent years as advances in neuroscience have revealed more and more about the role of various portion of the brain in many aspects of behavior, and as techniques for observing the functioning of the brain (e.g. magnetic resonance imaging, PET scans.) have improved. 

Psychological factors too can be important. The psychological perspective emphasizes the role of basic psychological process in the occurrence of mental disorders. For instance, many psychologists believe that learning plays a key role in many disorders. An example, phobias, or excessive fears of objects or situations. 

The psychological perspective also emphasized the role of cognitive factors in mental disorders. For instance, many theories of depression suggest that long lasting negative feelings often stem firm faulty patterns of thoughts. The psychological perspective also takes account of unconscious forces and conflicts within individuals the factors also vividly emphasized by Freud and his followers. 

Social cultural factors do play a role in mental disorder. Psychologists and other mental health professionals believe that they do, and print to the important role of such social variable as poverty, unemployment, inferior education and prejudice, as potential causes of at least some mental disorders. In other words, the socio-cultural perspective emphasizes the fact that external factors such as negative environments, a disadvantaged position in society and cultural tradition can play a role in mental disorders. Rapid technological advancements may increase stress.

According to G. All port, “Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristic behavior and thought.”

Triarchic theory of Intelligence.

Abnormal behavior of individual is marked by limited intelligence, emotional instability, personality disorganization and character defects, who for the most part, have led wretched personal lives and become social misfits or liabilities.

Attribution : The process through which we seek to determine the causes behind other’s behavior is known as attribution. We examine others behavior for clues as to the causes behind what they say and do, then reach our decision. The kind of information we consider depends on the specific question we want to answer. 

For instance, one basic issue is: Did another person’s actions stem from internal causes (e.g, their own traits, intentions, or motives) or from external causes (e.g. luck or factors beyond their control in a given situation). To answer this question, we often focus on information about 

1. Consensus – whether other people behave in the same way as the person we’re considering; 

2. Consistency – whether this person behaves in the same manner over the time; and 

3. Distinctiveness – whether this person behaves in the same way in different situations. 

If very few people act like this person (consensus is low), this person have behaved in the same way over time (consistency is high), and this person behaves in much the same manner in many situations (distinctiveness is slowly), we conclude that the behavior stems from internal causes. 

This is the kind of person the individual is and will probably remain. For instance, we would probably draw this conclusion about a student who got up and criticized a professor harshly in class if no other student did this, if this student criticized the professor on other occasions, and if this student also criticized other professors, waiter persons in restaurants and so on. In contrast, if all three factors (consensus, consistency and distinctiveness) are high, we are more likely to conclude that people behave as they do because of external causes – for instance, that they may have no choice, (Kelly, 1972). We’d reach this conclusion if many other students also criticized the professor, if this student criticized the same professor on other occasions and if the student did not criticize other professors.

Mil gram’s Experiment on Obedience : Obedience refers to situations in which the agent has the legitimate right to influence the Focal Person (FP) and the FP has the obligation to obey. Such reciprocal role relationships are most clearly demonstrated when the agent has a higher status than the FP and the roles are part of a social system in which a higher status clearly defines influence over a lower status, such as ranks in the military. 

Subject of Mil gram’s experiments were men who responded to newspaper ads and were paid $4.50 for coming to the laboratory. The situation was described as a learning experiment in which one person, the teacher, would shock another person, the learner, after each mistake while learning a list of paired words. 

On the basis of a rigged drawing, the subject was always assigned the role of teacher, while male confederate of the experimenter was assigned the role of learner. 

The learner was strapped into an electric chair, while the real subject was taken into another room where the electric shock apparatus was located. Actually, no shocks were administered, but the elaborate equipment led the subject to believe he would be administering painful shocks to the learner. The shock apparatus contained 30 switches indicating levels of shock from 15 to 450 volts, with labels such as Single shock, Moderate shock, danger, severe shock, and finally ‘XXX’. The teacher was to shock the learner for each mistake made in learning, and the level of shock was to increase one increment with each error. As the experiment progressed, the learner responded appropriately, with occasional mistakes. 

At several points as the shock level increased, the learner would cry out because of the shock was getting painful, or he could be heard kicking the wall. At 300 volts, he stopped giving answers, while the teacher was instructed by the experimenter to continue increasing the level of shock. If the subject showed any reluctance, the experimenter prodded him to continue, saying it was necessary or required by the experiment. Obedience was measured by the amount of shock the subject was willing to administer to the learner. 

Before conducting this experiment, Mil gram described it to several groups of people, all of whom predicted that very few, if any, of the subjects would follow the experimenter’s commands and give shocks up to 450 volts. Contrary to expectations, however, 26 of his 40 subjects (65 percent) continued to give shocks up to the 450 volt level, even though they believed they were hurting another person and showed signs of a great deal of tension-trembling, stuttering, nervous laughter. ’ 

Why do people show high levels of obedience in these laboratory studies because in many tragic real-life situations too several factors seem to play a role. First, the experimenter began by explaining that he is not the participant, would be responsible for the learner’s well-being. Second, the experimenter possessed clear signs of authority; and in most societies, individuals learn that persons holding authority are to be obeyed (Bushman, 1984, 1988) Third, the experimenters commands were gradual in nature. 

He did not request that participants jump to the 450 volt shock immediately; rather he moved towards this request one step at a time. In sum, several factors probably contributed to the high levels of obedience observed in Mil gram’s research and related studies. To gather, these factors produced a powerful force – one that most persons found difficult to resist. 

This does not imply that the commands of authority figures cannot be defied. Important factors include clear evidence that the persons in authority are pursuing purely selfish goals (saks, 1992), feelings of increased person responsible for the outcome produced on the part on the part of those who disobey (Hamilton, 1978) and exposure to disobedient models – persons who led others by taking the first, dangerous steps (e.g. Rochat and Modigliani, 1995). When such conditions exist, persons in authority may lose their capacity to command, and may quickly find themselves on the outside looking in.

Anti-social Personality Disorder- Symptoms- (According to DSM-IV-TR) 

(i) A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others occurring since age 15 years as indicated by atleast three of the following : 

1. Failure to consider social norms and repeated law breaking. 

2. Deceitfulness. 

3. Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead. 

4. Irritability and aggressiveness. 

5. Reckless disregard for safety of self or others. 

6. Consistent irresponsibility. 

7. Lack of remorse. 

Causes : 

(i) Biological factors : 

Genetic influences : There is moderate heritability for anti-social or criminal behaviour. Researchers found that individuals with low MAO-A activity are more likely to develop Anti-social personality disorder, if they had experienced early maltreatment. 

Neurological factors : Certain brain areas like temporal lobe and pre-frontal cortex regulate mood and behaviour. Serotonin is the neurotransmitter that can be linked with impulsive and aggressive behaviour.

Psychosocial factors : Low fear hypothesis : Research suggests that psychopaths have low trait anxiety and show poor conditioning of fear. They are slow at learning and stop responding in order to avoid punishment. Emotional deficits : There is a more general difficulty among psychopaths to process and understand the meaning of emotional stimuli. There is a lack of empathy. 

Early parental loss, rejection and inconsistency : The aggression is a result of damaging effects of parental rejection, abuse and neglect accompanied by inconsistent discipline. 

Dependent Personality Disorder (According to DSM-IV-TR) Symptoms : 

(i) A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behaviour and fear of separation as indicated by at least five of the following : 

1. Difficulty making everyday decisions without advice or assurance from others. 

2. Need others to take responsibility for major areas of life. 

3. Difficulty expressing disagreement with others because of fear of loss of support. 

4. Difficulty initiating project. 

5. Goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance or support from others. 

6. Feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone. 

7. Urgently seeks another relationship when a close one ends. 

8. Unrealistic preoccupation with fears of being left to take care of himself/herself. 

Causes: 

Biological factors: 

1. Genetic and personality factors : There may be a very small genetic influence on depen¬dent personality trait. Personality traits such as neuroticism and agreeableness are predominant in dependant personality disorder, have a genetic component. 

Psycho-social factors: 

1. Environmental factors : People with partially genetic based predisposition to dependence and anxiousness may be prone to adverse effects of parents who are authoritarian and over protective (not promoting autonomy and individuation) in their child, instead reinforcing dependent behaviour. 

2. Cognitive factors-Cognitive theorists describe the underlying maladaptive schemas as involving core beliefs about weakness and competence and needing others to survive such as “I am completely helpless”, “I can function only if I have access to somebody competent”.

Production Transfers: Such transfers which are affected from one department of the organisation to another department keeping in view the labor requirements in different departments. In some department labor requirements may be decreasing and in some other they may be increasing. To avoid layoff of trained and efficient employees they are placed in alternate positions in the same organisation.

Promotion refers to movement of employee from a lower level position to a higher level position, carrying higher responsibilities, facilities, status and pay. For example, the vacant post of General Manager can be filled through promoting branch manager to the position of General Manager. 

• Promotion is a vertical shifting of employees. 

• It helps to improve the motivation, loyalty and satisfaction level of employees.

Decoding : The sender can send his ideas briefly in the form of symbols or diagrams. Understanding it correctly is called decoding. For example, a telegram carries a long message in the form of a few words and when the receiver tries to understand the message in detail, his effort is called decoding.

Difference between Horizontal Communication and Vertical Communication.

Difference between Cellular phones and Cordless Phone.

After aerial attack on Pearl Harbor, USA served ultimatum to Japan to surrender before USA. After the fall of Germany and Italy, Japan was still continuing the war, so after USA decided to use atom bomb against Japan.

Jinnah’s ‘Two Nation Theory’ was an outcome of the Lahore Session of Muslim League in 1940.

Germany and Japan.

Various stages of the Selection Process of employees in an organisation are: 

1. Preliminary Interview: This is the first step in the process of selection which is conducted to know the minimum qualification, experience and age of the candidates. 

2. Application Form: After qualifying Preliminary interview the candidates are asked to fill in the prescribed application form to get the written details of the candidates. 

3. Employment Test: This is conducted to check the required skills in the candidates. 

4. Selection Interview: It is a method of checking the information obtained through application and employment test, through face to face communication with the candidates. It also helps the candidate to acquire knowledge about the job details and the company. 

5. Checking References: It is the process of verifying the names given by the candidate, of the people who knows about him, his previous job and his character. 

6. Medical Determination and Final Approval: A medical test is conducted to ensure the physical fitness of the candidate which leads to the final approval. The finally approved candidate are issued appointment letters.

Features of budget are as follows : 

• A budget is a statement of expected results expressed in quantitative terms.

• It provides a standard by which actual observation can be measured and by which variations can be checked. 

• It is a single use plan since it is prepared for a particular period of time. 

• A budget forces an enterprise to make in advance a numerical compilation of expected cash flows, expenses and revenues, capital outlays or machine hour utilization.

The steps involved in the process of communication are: 

• Sender – The person sending the message. 

• Message – It’s the subject matter of communication. 

• Encoding – The matter has to be translated into a mutually known language, 

• Channel – A medium has to be chosen to send the message. 

• Receiver – The person who is supposed to receive the message. 

• Decoding – Interpreting the message to understand it.

• Feedback – It completes the process of communication.

Marketing is a wide concept including a host of activities while selling is a narrow concept and is a part of marketing. Marketing focus is on the needs of the buyer. While the focus of selling is on the needs of the seller.

Art refers to the way of doing specific things: 

it indicates how an object can be achieved.

In the words of George R. Tern. “Art is bringing about a desired result through the application of skill.” Art is, thus, skilful application of knowledge which entirely depends on the inherent capacity of a person which comes from within a person and is learned from practice and experience. In this sense, management is certainly an art as a manager uses his skill, knowledge and experience in solving various problems, both complicated and non-complicated that arise in the working of his enterprise successful. In the words of Ernest Dale. “Management is considered as an art rather than science mainly because managerial skill is a personnel possession and is intuitive.”

Besides the monetary incentives, there are certain non-financial incentives which can satisfy the ego and self- actualization needs of employees. The incentives which cannot be measured in terms of money are under the category of “Non- monetary incentives”. Whenever a manager has to satisfy the psychological needs of the subordinates, he makes use of non- financial incentives. 

Non- financial incentives can be of the following types:- 

Security of service : Job security is an incentive which provides great motivation to employees. If his job is secured, he will put maximum efforts to achieve the objectives of the enterprise. This also helps since he is very far off from mental tension and he can give his best to the enterprise. 

Praise or recognition : The praise or recognition is another non- financial incentive which satisfies the ego needs of the employees. Sometimes praise becomes more effective than any other incentive. The employees will respond more to praise and try to give the best of their abilities to a concern. 

Suggestion scheme : The organization should look forward to taking suggestions and inviting suggestion schemes from the subordinates. This inculcates a spirit of participation in the employees. This can be done by publishing various articles written by employees to improve the work environment which can be published in various magazines of the company. This also is helpful to motivate the employees to feel important and they can also be in search for innovative methods which can be applied for better work methods. This ultimately helps in growing a concern and adapting new methods of operations. 

Job enrichment : Job enrichment is another non – monetary incentive in which the job of a worker can be enriched. This can be done by increasing his responsibilities, giving him an important designation, increasing the content and nature of the work. This way efficient worker can get challenging jobs in which they can prove their worth. This also helps in the greatest motivation of the efficient employees. 

Promotion opportunities : Promotion is an effective tool to increase the spirit to work in a concern. If the employees are provided opportunities for the advancement and growth, they feel satisfied and contented and they become more committed to the organization.

Charged particle does not experience any force when it moves in the direction of the magnetic field.

Since the permeability of a paramagnetic is slightly greater than 1 and that of a diamagnetic substance is less than A, A must be paramagnetic and B must be diamagnetic.

Radioactivity is the nuclear phenomenon, i.e., radioactive radiation are emitted from the nucleus of the radioactive substance, so any physical change like oxidation or any chemical change does not affect its nature of radioactivity.

(i) The stone is moving with a uniform speed. 

(ii) Yes, the stone is moving with a uniform acceleration. The acceleration acts along the tangent drawn at that point of the circle. 

(iii) The force which acts on the hand is the centrifugal force. Its direction is opposite to the centripetal force i.e, away from the centre.

In step up transformer, the primary coil carries more current than the secondary coil. So, to withstand high currents, the primary coil of transformer should be made thicker.

(i) Uniform speed. 

(ii) Yes, the stone is moving with uniform acceleration. The acceleration act along the tangent drawn at that point of the circle. 

(iii) Centripetal force acts on the hand along the tangent at that point.

R = 30Ω

I = 320 mA= 320 x 10^-3A

V = IR=320 x 10^-3 x 30 =9.6 V

(i) Here, the desire of Sebastian is referred to by Antonio who wants to be the King of Naples. Antonio and Sebastian are presently at another part of the island. 

(ii) By pretending as if he was talking in sleep, Antonio mocked the “purpose” he cherished. The two phrases mean that the more you put it off, the greater the importance you give to it. 

(iii) Sebastian requests Antonio to “say on” the desire he had in his heart. 

(iv) By reading the expressions on Antonio’s face, Sebastian concludes that he has much to convey. 

(v) After Sebastian’s speech, Antonio speaks about Francisco’s effort to convince Alonso that Ferdinand was dead fighting against the tempestuous waves.

The purpose in talking about the death of Ferdinand is that Sebastian should think seriously about becoming the King of Naples.