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The following are the non-monetary incentives given below : 

• Status symbols 

• Appreciation of work 

• Healthy competition 

• Opportunity for growth

Motivation : Motivation is the word derived from the word motive which means needs, desires, wants or drives within the individuals. It is the process of stimulating people to actions to accomplish the goals.

Challenging work certainly motivates employees. By giving a challenging work to the capable employees increases the sense of faith for their institution. Challenging work helps the employees in building their reputation in the institution. They are trusted by the other employees. This motivates the employees.

Recent research challenges the order that the needs are imposed by Mas low’s pyramid. As an example, in some cultures, social needs are placed more fundamentally than any others. Further, Mas low’s hierarchy fails to explain the “starving artist” scenario, in which the aesthetic neglects their physical needs to pursuit of aesthetic or spiritual goals. Little evidence suggests that people satisfy exclusively one motivating need at a time, other than situations where needs conflict.

Transfer is a mild form of punishment. It is true. When the employee neglects work or conflicts with other employees or does the act of misconduct, the management can transfer the erring employee to a new place. Transfer from one place to another (unimportant place) is a very common practice while punishing the employees.

The various steps involved in the process of report are. 

• Introduction : It involves the purpose and name of the report. 

• Headings : It includes headings and sub-headings which make report useful. 

• Address : The report should be addressed to a definite person. 

• Table Contents: In case of lengthy report, the topics or chapters along with their page numbers should be givep. 

• Finding : This part of the report contains the findings along with tables, charts and figures. 

• Recommendations : This section contains the conclusions and suggestions of the reporter. 

• Summary: In case of long reports, a brief summary of the report should be given. 

• Appendix: It consists statistical data or tables, graphs etc. 

• Signature and Date: The report should be dated and signed by reporter.

1. Roads can navigate high gradients and sharp turns which railways cannot do. 

2. Road transport system establishes easy contact between farms, fields, factories and markets and provides door-to-door service.

Challenges faced by the tourism industry in India today are :

1. Unplanned, unrestricted growth of tourism in India deprives the tourists of the original charm and beauty and ultimately proves disastrous. 

2. The development of tourism depends upon the development of infrastructure of national highways, railways, ports, airports, hotels and other services. 

Inadequacies of such infrastructural facilities adversely affect tourism.

One instrument which works on the principle of tangent law in magnetism is a tangent galvanometer.

The power consumed in an ac circuit is given by 

P_a = E_vI_v cos Φ where Φ is the phase difference between E and I

For an inductor Φ = 90°

∴ cos Φ = 0

∴ P_a = E_v x I_v x 0 =0

∴ An inductor consumes no power.

A tuning fork when stroked on a rubber pad, executes damped vibrations in air.

The given arrangement of capacitors can be analysed as below. The combination of capacitors C₂ and C₃ of capacity 30 μF and 20 μF are in series, their combined capacity is given by

C' = \(\frac{30\times20}{50}\) = 12μF

The capacitor C’ is in parallel with C₄, their combined capacity C” is given by

C'' = 12 + 28 = 40μF

Now, C₁ and C” are in series.

∴ Net capacity of the combination is given by

C = \(\frac{40\times10}{50}\) = 8μF

The periodic vibrations of decreasing amplitude in the presence of presence force are called damped vibrations.

(i) Amplitude. 

(ii) Waveform. 

(iii) Frequency.

The heat energy liberated by a body depends on mass, specific heat capacity and temperature of the body.

The effective resistance i.e., equivalent resistance between the points A and B is 4 Ω

Crop Rotation: Crops are grown in rotation one after the other to maintain fertility of the soil. Pulses or leguminous crops are grown after cereal crops or cotton or sugarcane.

Double Cropping : Growing of two or more crops in the same land in one year. It requires the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and a steady water supply.

The Tata Iron and Steel Co. The Iron and Steel Industry is primarily a rawmaterial oriented industry using cheap and weight loosing raw materials. 

(i) Raw Materials : High grade haematite iron ore is available from Badampahar and Noamundi mines of Singhbhum in Jharkhand and Gurumahisani mines of Mayurbhanj in Orissa. They are located at a distance of 75-100 kms from Jamshedpur.

Coal is available from Jharia and Raniganj.

Manganese comes from Joda mines of Keonjhar district in Orissa. Dolomite and limestone comes from Sundergarh in Orissa.

(ii) Transport : Jamshedpur is well connected with Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai by road and rail and enjoys good transport facilities. 

Kolkata located at a distance of 240 kms, provides port facilities.

(i) Raw materials which lose their weight in the process of manufacture are known as weight losing raw materials, e.g., sugar industry, iron and steel industry, aluminum industry.

(ii) Integrated Steel Plant : All three processes from melting of iron ore in the blast furnace to steel making followed by shaping of the metal by rolling is carried out under one complex.

Three factors determining the location of an industry are :

(i) Raw Material : Industries which use heavy and bulky raw materials in their primary stage in large quantities, are usually located near the supply of the raw material, to bring down the cost of production e.g., Iron and Steel industry.

(ii) Power : Regular supply of power is a prerequisite for the localization of industries. Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur, Aluminium Plant at Korba in Chhattisgarh and Renukoot in U.P., Copper smelting plant at Khetri, Rajasthan are near the sources of power and raw material.

(iii) Transport: Transport by land or water is necessary for the assembly of raw materials and for the marketing of finished products. The location of many industries around Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai is due to the development of railways in India, connecting the port towns with their hinterlands.

(b) (i) Industries tend to be concentrated in a few pockets because of certain favorable factors. The pockets having high concentration of industries are known as industrial clusters.

(ii) Gurgaon-Delhi – Meerut industrial region. Two reasons for its growth are :

1. It owes its development and growth to hydro-electricity from Bhakra-Nangal complex and thermal power from Harduaganj, Faridabad and Panipat.

2. It is one of the fastest-growing market-oriented industrial cluster adjoining Delhi.

Radio is a powerful medium which provides all sorts of useful information, news and variety of entertainment. AIR broadcasts in 24 languages and 146 dialects with a total network of 225 broadcasting centres covering 91.4% of the area, almost reaching the entire population in a linguistically diverse country like India.

Radio is a powerful medium which provides all sorts of useful information, news, and a variety of entertainment. AIR broadcasts in 24 languages and 146 dialects with a total network of 225 broadcasting centers covering 91.4% of the country, almost reaching the entire population in a linguistically diverse country like India.

1. Jute requires hot and humid climate with temperature between 24°C and 35° C, rainfall over 150 cm.

2. The relative humidity should be nearly 90%. 

3. Well-drained alluvial soil, which are frequently renewed by foods are best suited for the cultivation of jute. Since India and Bangladesh provide these ideal conditions, jute is best grown in these regions.

(i) Two demerits of road transport are : 

1. Roadways are not suitable for long distance travel. 

2. Heavy commodities like coal and iron cannot be easily transported by roads.

(ii) 1. National Highway 1 links Delhi and Amritsar. 

2. National Highway 2 links Delhi and Kolkata.

Dense network of railways are found over North Indian plains for the following reasons: 

• This is a plain area which is suitable for the construction of railways. 

• This densely populated region has highly developed agricultural and industry. 

• Large scale urbanisation has also helped in the development of railways.

The three problems are : 

1. Thermal electricity is produced from coal, petroleum and natural gas which are exhaustible and non-renewable. It involves recurring cost.

2. The process of generating electricity involves burning of fuel. This causes water pollution. 

3. Burning of coal leaves a lot of waste in the form of fly ash, disposal of which adds to the cost of production.

The river valleys are : 

• Damodar

• Mahanadi 

• Godavari, and 

• Wardha.

Petroleum/milk /water /gas /petroleum products, etc. 

Advantage —can be constructed even across water or difficult terrains and needs very little maintenance.

Type Casting: Explicit Conversion of one data type to another is called type casting. It is done by type casting operators. 

Example: int a; double b = 9.8 a = (int) b;

(i) java.lang; 

(ii) import

Math class is used for mathematical function. 

E.g. sqrt(), abs();

= is an assignment operator. Used to a assign value into variable. 

== is an relational operator. Used to compare two values for equality.

import java.io.*; 

import java.util.Scanner; 

class Pattern { 

public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { 

Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); 

System.out.println(“::::MENU::::”) 

System.out.println(” 1. To display ABCD Pattern”); 

System.out.print(” 2. To display Word Pattern”); 

System.out.print(“Enter your choice:”); 

int ch= sc.nextlnt(); 

switch(ch) { 

case 1: for (char i = ‘E’; i > = ‘A’; i- -){

for(char j = ‘A’;j <=i;j + +){ 

System.out.print(j); 

} 

System.out.prindn( ); 

} 

break; case 2: 

String S = “BLUE”; 

for (int i = 0; i < S.length(); i+ +) 

{ for(int j = 0; j < =i; j + +) 

{ System.out.print(S.charAt(i)); 

} System.out.println(); 

} 

break; default: 

System.out.println(“Invalid Input”); break; 

} 

} 

}

Value of characteristic = 4 and Value of mantissa = 3756.

(i) 6 times. 

(ii) range between 0 and 10.

(i) ‘a’ and ‘b’. 

(ii) ‘x’ and ‘y’.

The output is: 

(i) x = 1001 

y = 1001.000000 

(ii) The king said “Begin at the beginning !” to me.

a=(0.05 – (2*y*y*y))/(x – y)

(i) new 

(ii) return

Data Abstraction refers to die act of representing the essential features without including the background details complexity.

AR [-4,… 6, -2 … 12]

Row- wise order, 

AR[2] [3] = B + W(n(i-1)+(j-1)) 

Given i = 2, j = 3, W = 2 bytes 

B = ? 

n = Uc – Lc + 1 

= 12 – (-2) + 1 

= 12 + 2 + 1 

= 15 Now, 414 

= B + 2 [15 (2 -(-2)) + (3-(-4))] 

B + 2[60 + 7] 

= 4142 B + 134 

= 4142 or B = 4008

(i) String s = “this is to test”; int p; p = s. lastIndexOf (“ ”); System.out.println(p); 

(ii) String x = “10.2”; double d; d = string.valueOf (x);

The two jump statements are break and continue. 

Their use is defined as follows : 

Some times we need to exit from a loop before the completion of the loop then we use break statement and exit from the loop and loop is terminated. Sometimes we need to iterate the loop before it finishes all the statements inside a loop then we use continue statement and jump to the next iteration of a loop.

The class is known as composite/flata type because a composite or reference data type are the data elements whose value is an address. The values in a composite data type cannot be assigned directly. It is assigned with the help of a reference. For example, if there are two public integer variables in class XYZ as A and B then the value to those variables cannot be assigned directly. 

They can be assigned with the help of the following reference:

XYZ obj1; //creating an object of XYZ class 

Obj1.A=10; //referencing the variable. 

Obj1.B=20; 

Thus class is a composite data type because it requires a reference to use its attributes.

An exception is an event that .occurs during the execution of a program that disrupts the normal flow of instructions. 

The two exception handling blocks are try and catch. 

(i) The try block identifies a block of code in which an exception can occur. 

(ii) The catch block identifies a block of code, known as an exception handler that can handle a particular type of exception.

Math.sqrt(3*x + x*x)/ (a+b);

Expression in Java : 

z = ((5x³ + (2y))\(x + y);

The data members defined under Private visibility modifiers are visible only to the class to which they belong. Where as the data members defined under Protected visibility modifiers are visible not only to the class to which they belong but also to any subclasses using inheritance.

(ii) BEST

OF LUCK