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The answer is (c) IgE

The answer is (c) T cell

Immunity and Immunology:

“The resistance acquired by the body to fight against diseases or microorganisms or toxic product is called Immunity. Term Immunity originated from Latin word Immunis which means free of burden [Capability to protect from infectious factor]. The branch of science which deals with the study of immunity is called Immunology.

It deals with the study of various component of the Immune system and their functions. It provides immunity against organisms. Our body has the capacity to distinguish between body cells (“self”) and foreign materials (“non-self”). It will react to foreign materials with an immune response that eliminates the intruding material from the body.

Edward Jenner is known as the father of Immunology

The answer is (d) Protein

The answer is (a) IgG

The answer is (c) Antibody

The answer is Fab (Fragment antigen binding).

There are five types of antigen and antibody are found

The answer is Immunoglobulin (IgG).

Polio injection, Hepatitis Rabies, Cholera, Typhoid etc.

• It develops in the blood. The lymphocytes from various globulin proteins to destroy the different antigens.
• These lymphocytes are formed from the mesodermal stem cells but some lymphocytes are also formed in the thymus gland & bone marrow.
• In humoral immunity when an antigen! bacteria/virus enters into the body, the lymphocytes in lymphatic organs divide rapidly and convert into plasma cells to form required antibodies.
• It protects the body from tetanus, cold, smallpox, measles, cholera etc.

Active Immunity:

• It develops in the blood when an antigen or germ enters into the body. Hence, it is also called humoral immunity.
• It is a slow process but it acts for a long duration.
• Natural active immunity is acquired by exposure of an organism to pathogens.
• Artificial, active immunity is acquired through vaccination of inactivated pathogen or antigen.

Passive Immunity:

• The immunity that an individual acquired by receiving antibodies or sensitized white blood cells from another immune individual is known as Passive immunity.
• The protection, however, is temporary and usually less effective.
• IgG antibodies can cross the placental barrier to reach the foetus. 
• IgA antibodies are transferred from mother to child in the form of colostrum.

Many physiological activities in the body prevent the entry of the germs into the body. 

Some of them are as follows:

• Fever: The invading germs secrete different types of toxins. As a result, the number of WBC is increased to destroy them. In addition, macrophages are also increased which secrete pyrogens. These pyrogens increase body temperature which inhibits bacterial growth.
• Lysozyme: The body secretions such as tears, saliva, sweat etc. are increased as a result of infection. These secretions contain an enzyme lysozyme which kills the
  germs by digesting their cell wall.
• The stomach secretes dilute HCl which makes the pH strongly acidic (pH 1 to 2). It acts as a strong germicidal.
• There is the release of bile juice into the duodenum which also acts as germicidal.
• The mucus secreted in the respiratory passage acts as a barrier for germs.
• The cerumin found in the sebum secreted by the sebaceous glands of the skin also kills germs.

Monoclonal antibodies (MAB), cell-mediated immunity.

Immunity and Immunology:

• “The resistance acquired by the body to fight against diseases or microorganisms or toxic product is called Immunity. Term Immunity originated from the Latin word immunis which means free of burden [Capability to protect from infectious factor).
• The branch of science which deals with the study of immunity is called Immunology.
• It deals with the study of various component of the Immune system and their functions. It provides immunity against organisms.
• Our body has the capacity to distinguish between body cells (“self”) and foreign materials (“non-self”). It will react to foreign materials with an immune response that eliminates the intruding material from the body.

Types of Immunity:

In broad terms, immunity is of two types viz –

1. Natural or Innate Immunity
2. Acquired Immunity

1. Natural or Innate Immunity:

• This Immunity is inborn i.e. it exists since birth.
• It is independent of previous experience.

There are four types of innate protective measures against invading germs:

1. Anatomical barriers
2. Physiological barriers
3. Phagocytic or cellular barriers
4. Inflammatory barriers.