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51.	Study the given slide of sclerenchyma plant tissue and answer the following questions : (i) Name the composition of lignin deposited uniformly on its secondary walls. (ii) Name atleast twp plants whose sclerenchyma fibres are commerically exploited.
Answer» (i) Lignin is a complex polymeric molecule composed of phenyl propanoid units associated with cellulose. (ii) Jute and hemp.

52.	(i) Study the prepared slide of given plant tissue. Give one character that enables you to identify it as parenchyma. (ii) What is its main function ?
Answer» (i) It has thin-walled cells which have intercellular spaces between them. (ii) Parenchyma forms the basic packing tissue of plant body that lies in between specialized tissues.

53.	You are given a specimen of cockroach. Study it carfully. (a) To which phyllum does it belong ? (b) Its body is divisible into how many parts ? Name them. (c ) How many pairs of appendayes does it possess ? (d) Write one characteristics feature of the group to which it belongs.
Answer» (a) Arthropoda (b) Its body is divisible into 3 pars : Head, thorax and abdomen. (c ) Three pairs of legs (d) The group includes animals with jointed appendages (legs).

54.	What is a GM crop ? Name any one such crop which is grown in India .
Answer» Crop which has been developed by introducing a foreign gene (from other source) to obtain a desired trait is called genetically modified (GM) crop. Example. Bt cotton is a GM crop which has been developed as insect resistant crop by introducing a new gene from a bacterium.

55.	Name three major activities of crop improvement.
Answer» 1. Crop variety improvement 2. Crop production improvement. 3. Crop protection management.

56.	Define Poultry.
Answer» Poultry is a class of domesticated fowl (birds) used for food and eggs.

57.	How are fish obtained ?
Answer» There are two methods of obtaining fish. One method is capture fishing in which the fish are obtained from natural resources such as fresh water resources (i.e., canals, ponds, reservoirs and rivers), brackish water resources (i.e., estuaries and lagoons) and marine fishery resources (i.e., coastine and deep seas). The other method is by fish farming (or culture fishery) which is concerned with culturing, feeding, breeding and fish production. Mariculture and aquaculture are the two methods of fish farming.

58.	Name the fish which : (a) Live mostly in the surface zone (b) Live in the middle zone (c ) Live at the bottom.
Answer» (a) Catla and Silver carp (b) Rohu and Grass carp (c ) Mrigal and Common carp.

59.	What are the differences between broilers and layers and in their management?
Answer» Layers are meant for egg production, whereas broilers are meant for poultry meat. Nutritional , environmental , and housing conditions required by broilers are different from those required by egg layers. A broiler chicken, for their proper growth, requires vitamin rich supplements especially vitamin A and K. Also, their diet includes protein rich food and enough fat. They also require extra care and maintenance to increase their survival rate in comparison to egg layers.

60.	How are fish obtained?
Answer» Fish can be obtained by two ways: `rarr` Capture fishing : It is the process of obtaining fish from natural resources. `rarr` Culture fishery : It is the practice of farming can be done in both freshwater ecosystem (which includes river water, pond water) and marine ecosystem .

61.	(a) You must have attended marriage ceremonies and seen people eating different food items (served in marriage ceremonies) partially and throwing the unconsumed food as waste. How do you feel ? If concerned, explain why ? (b) What steps can you suggest to ensure food security ?
Answer» (a) With Indian population reaching 1.3 billions by the end of 2018, we will require about 240 million tonnes of grains production every year. In order to produce such an enormous amout of grains, we need extra land for cultivation which is beyond our scope as it is surely going to create ecological disturbances. Therefore, it is essential to wisely use the available food resources. (b) We can use following methods to ensure food security : • Development of disease resistant, high yielding crop varieties having low maturity durations. • By improving production management • Crop protection management

62.	Preventive and control measures adopted for the storage of grains includeA. strict cleaningB. proper disjoiningC. fumigationD. All of the above
Answer» Correct Answer - D

63.	Match the column A with the column B `{:(,"(A)",,"(B)"),((a),"Catla",(i),"Bottom feeders"),((b),"Rohu",(ii),"Surface feeders"),((c),"Mrigal",(iii),"Middle-zone feeders"),((d),"Fish farming",(iv),"Culture fishers."):}`
Answer» Correct Answer - A::B::C::D

64.	Arrange these statements in corrent sequence of preparation of green manure. (a) Green plants are decomposed in soil. (b) Green plants are cultivated for preparing manure of crop plants parts are used. (c) Plants are ploughed and mixed into the soil. (d) After decomposition it becomes green manure.
Answer» (b) `rarr` (c ) `rarr` (a) `rarr` (d).

65.	Fill in the blanks (a) Photoperiod affect the `"_________"` (b) Kharif crops are cultivated from `"_________" " to " "_________"` (C) Rabi crops are cultivated from `"_________" " to " "_________"` (d) Paddy, maize green gram and black gram are `"_________"` Crops. (e) Wheat gram pea mustard are `"_________"` crops.
Answer» (a) flowering in plants (b) June to October (c ) November to April (d) Kharif (e) rabi.

66.	Cultivation practices and crop yield are related to environmental condition . Explain.
Answer» Different crops and cultivation practices require different climatic conditions such as temperature, photoperiod for their growth and maturity. Accordingly, some crops are rainy season (kharif) crops grown in hot and humid conditions while other grow in winter (rabi crops) season.

67.	What is genetic manipulation? How is it useful in agricultural practices?
Answer» Genetic manipulationis a process where the gene for a particular character is introduced inside the chromosome of a cell. When the gene for a particular character is introduced in a plant cell, a transgenic plant is produced. These transgenic plants exhibit characters goverment by the newly introduced gene. Genetic manipulation is useful in developing varities with Higher yield, Good Quality , Biotic and Abiotic resistance , short maturity period, wider adaptability and desirable agronomic characteristics

68.	How do storage grain losses occur?
Answer» There are various biotic and abiotic factors that act on stored grains and result in degradation , poor germinability , discolouration, etc. Biotic factors include insects or pests that cause direct damage by feeding on seeds. They also deteriorate and contaminate the grain, making it unfit for further consumption . Abiotic factors such as tempherature, light, moisture, etc., also affect the seed. They decrease the germinating ability of the seeds and make them unfit for future use by farmers. Unpredictable occurrence of natural calamities such as droughts and floods also causes destruction of crops.