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D) Chemayungdung glacier

A) Brahmaputra

Brahmaputra.

this is correct answer.

A) Indira Gandhi Canal

C) i – a, ii – b, iii – c

Correct option is A) Yamuna

Correct option is C) Narmada

Correct option is C) Krishna

D) i – c, ii – b, iii – a

D) Jammu and Kashmir

1. In the context of groundwater resources the inflows like recharging, rainfall, aquifers etc. 

2. In the context of groundwater resources the outflows are like borewells, tube wells, pumps etc. 

3. Out of all these processes outflow which shows most impact is the tube-wells. 

4. Use of the tubewells draws water from storages and lowers the water available to them. 

5. When we dig into deeper aquifers – this is mining water that has collected over thousands of years. 

6. With this we face today is the depletion of groundwater storages and a tendency not to care about the availability of water for future generations.

(OR)

1. Groundwater recharge may be explained as the process whereby the amount of water present in or flowing through the interstices of the sub-soil increases by natural or artificial means. 

2. Rainfall is the principal source for recharge of groundwater.

C) From a spring near Mahabaleshwar

Correct option is B) Satpura

Correct option is A) The Narmada

1. People’s actions are significant in the context of water resources.

2. People imposed themselves ban felling trees, free grazing to protect soil fertility. 

3. They even imposed ban on practice of water taking from bore/tubewells for irrigation and extensive water usage crops. 

4. They put up practices for water harvesting and diversification of crops. 

5. The current laws about groundwater in many states are both outdated and inappropriate. 

6. These are based oh the basic link between access to groundwater and land ownership, which is flowed. 

7. Landowners were not restricted in the amount of water they can take out. 

8. State governments have often chosen to increase power subsidies to make extraction of even deeper layers of groundwater possible.

9. Drinking water is the first priority as well as a human right and that Panchayat Raj institutions must have control over the use of groundwater.

1. Out of the total water available, most is saline and only less than 3% is non-saline. 

2. Most of it is in the form of ice and only less is accessible. 

3. Out of this available water also only 5% is used for domestic purpose and the remaining is used for other purposes. 

4. In spite of all this, a large section of the population does not have access to water. 

5. There are many reasons for this like the depletion in groundwater tables. 

6. Non-domestic usage is geared up with bore/tubewells and pumps and extracting a large amount. 

7. The poor and destitute do not have access to water.

8. Water supply is a state responsibility under the Indian constitution. 

9. In some coastal areas, sea water desalination is becoming an important source of drinking water supply. 

10. There is a need to river linking in India.

Some of the rivers : 

Indus, Brahmaputra, Ganga, Krishna, Godavari, Narmada and Tapati.

1. The water in our area is mainly supplied by our corporation. They supply through pumps/nallas.

This water is used for drinking and household purpose. 

2. Drinking water is also supplied by local companies after purification. They charge Rs15 to 30 for on refill. Yes, I think that there should be some checks and balances for both these supplies. The corporation water tanks should be cleansed at regular intervals. The water should be purified through different possible methods. We should check the refills of the private companies also. And we should observe the cleaning/filtering procedure at the point regularly.

Positive Social Changes : 

1. Making arrangements that a portion of rainfall percolates into the soil and travels to the underground strata and recharge the aquifers. 

2. Continuous contour trenches were dug on the hill slopes to arrest the erosion of soil, harvest water and encourage growth of grass. 

3. A number of water harvesting structures like check dams, percolation tanks and loose boulder structures were built. 

4. Banning the use of borewells for irrigation and not allowing to cultivate crops which demand more water. 

5. Advanced technology in agriculture. 

6. Recycling procedures of industrial wastes. 

7. Increase in agricultural land.

8. Construction of Hydroelectric projects.

Negative Social Changes: 

1. The depletion of groundwater storage and a tendency not to care about the availability for future generations. 

2. Digging into deeper aquifers -this is mining water that has collected over thousands of years. 

3. Loss of water storage capacity of dams, etc. due to the accumulation of silt, dust, debris and soil erosion. 

4. Increase in the number of towns and industrial areas demanding more water. 

5. Water pollution. 

6. Population growth 

7. Water conflicts.

Correct option is A) Iron

D) All the above

D) Cyclonic storms in the deltaic regions.

D) All the above

1. Encroachment of public lands, by rampant felling of tree cover, brought under cultivation. 

2. It resulted in water run-off and flash floods. 

3. Storage capacity of dam was lost with accumulation of silt, dust, debris etc. 

4. Water is flow resource and its storage or use upstream affects what is available to people downstream. 

5. Growth of towns and industrial areas increased the demand for water.

6. Conflicts within communities in a region and across sectors like agriculture, industry or drinking water are common. 

7. If there was a government river basin authority for overall planning of water use, all the problems above could be solved. 

8. If the government river basin is there it will solve the problems by following way. 

a) It would do justice to all users of river basins water. 

b) It would involve the community organisations in the authority. 

c) It would reduce the growing conflicts and the possibility of social unrest in the country in future due to water scarcity. 

d) It would rejuvenate the traditional techniques in conservation and management recognition of water as a common property resource.

Correct option is A) 1984

1. In India only 40% of the cultivated land has irrigation facility. 

2. For the remaining cultivated land, agriculture is the gambling with monsoon. 

3. If monsoons give good rains, the year is good otherwise most part is drought-prone.

4. In India there are 72 drought – prone districts spread over 13 states.

5. Floods mostly occur in the low-lying plain areas and river valleys almost every year in the country. 

6. 40 million hectares of land in India is flood prone. 

7. We have no interlinking of rivers in India, which can arrange for the transfer of floodwaters to drought-prone areas. 

8. Thus we are equally affected with both floods and droughts. 

9. Floods are associated with excessive rainfall while droughts are the result of deficit rainfall. 

10. Hydrology, deforestation, soil nature and erosion also play an important role in these calamities.

The source of the Godavari is in the Triambak plateau near Nasik in Maharashtra and discharges its water into the Bay of Bengal.

The Godavari is the largest peninsular river system.

Hiware Bazar is located in the Ahmednagar district in Maharashtra. It is situated on the eastern side of the Sahyadri mountain ranges that run north-south and separate Konkan, the coastal region, from the rest of Maharashtra.

Interstate disputes between Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka arise due to the trans-boundary nature of the river.

The mining water can be done only in extreme drought situations and replenished in good rainfall years.

The annual flows and stocks that recharge wells and tubewells is the water that is available for us.

Check dams, percolation tanks and loose boulder structures.

C) Basic problem to link between access – to ground water and land ownership in those laws.

The CCTs were dug on the hill slopes to arrest the erosion of soil, harvest water and encourage growth of grass.

Continuous Contour Trenches.

Drinking water is the first priority as well as a human right and that, Panchayati Raj institutions must have control over the use of groundwater.

C) Living Things

D) Basic link between access to groundwater and land ownership

a) Save water – Save future. 

b) Without water – there’s no future.

a)  River Padma.

b)  River Hooghly. (Hugly)

1. Farmers of Hiware Bazar worked out certain thumb rule type of think like if they get good rainfall, then they can take full Rabi crop. 

2. If the rainfall is less then they bring down the area under rabi etc. 

3. They keep rainfall data meticulously and use it for crop planning and water use prioritisation.

4. Because of this even in years of continuous drought there was no drinking water shortage. 

5. This is mainly because they plan according to the water available.

It results in more land being brought under cultivation at the expense of tree cover.

1. The current laws about groundwater in many states are both outdated and inappropriate. 

2. They were developed at a time when groundwater was a marginal source of water. 

3. Today shallow and deep tubewells have the potential to draw a lot of water. 

4. Now the basic link between access to groundwater and land ownership on which the rules are based are flowed. 

5. Land owners were not restricted in the amount of water they can take out. 

6. Over extraction from one tubewell often dries up other tubewells around. 

7. Moreover, there are no laws and regulations that can determine on how many wells, hand pumps and other tubewells can be sunk in a given area. 

8. Some support that groundwater is a public resource and some others support the primacy of land owners control over ground water. 

9. Hence laws are outdated and have to be modified.

1. Make it a classroom activity to check for leaks regularly. 

2. Install rainwater tanks. 

3. Fix any leaking taps, toilets. 

4. Raise awareness of the importance of water.

1. Today underground water is the major source of water for people. 

2. When there is so much extraction, it affects the stock of water that would be available to future generations. 

3. Therefore the landowners cannot be allowed to extract as much as they wish from their land. There should be some restrictions. 

4. These restrictions will be acceptable if we first delink the connection between ownership of land and water drawn through tube wells on the land.

The water level has gone down in many of our areas. The groundwater is useful for both domestic purpose and for agriculture. If groundwater is not available, there will be many problems.

My opinion is that because of modernization of agriculture motor pumps of high horsepower are being used. Very deep borewells cause for drawing out water from the ground. Water has become a source of business. Many multinational companies draw water and sell in the form of bottles. Water conservation is also a major issue and it is taken as a serious one.

1. Today groundwater is the major source of water for people.

2. When there is so much extraction, it affects others in connected areas. 

3. It affects the stock of water that would be available for future generations. 

4. So individual land owners should not be allowed to extract as much water as they wish. 

5. There should be some restrictions.

6. The relation between the land ownership and the extraction of water should be delinked. 

7. They only the restrictions will be implemented properly. 

8. Groundwater should be treated as a common pool resource.

Yes. I agree with this statement. 

1. Water should be treated as a common pool resource. 

2. There are no boundaries in the flowing water underground. 

3. Land ownership should not be applied to underground water.

4. Drinking water should be the first priority as well as a human right. 

5. Panchayat Raj Institutions must have control over the use of groundwater.

The given paragraph says that the regulation of natural resources like water, natural gas, etc. is not easy. Gradually water table is decreasing. Governments increase power subsidies to make extraction of ever deeper layers of ground water possible. 

My interpretation is that water, electricity, oil and natural gas are essential for all people. These are to be used in control. Whatever we use should be useful to the next coming generation. Natural resources are sustainable. They can be useful to all generations. Water is an essential commodity. It is the people who decide the future. For a few decades we have been observing that more groundwater is being pumped out. Sinking water is gradually decreasing. In forests also water is not available. 

So monkeys, leopards are coming to villages. Deforestation is increased. Quarrying is also increased. Clouds are coming but they are not giving rain. Temperature is increasing day by day. People should understand the need of the future and act accordingly. Per head consumption is increasing drastically. Water conservation is an essential one. Not only human beings, birds, animals, plants also depend on water. Water harvesting pits are promoted at every house. Water shed programs are to be taken up. Every drop of water should be caught perfectly and saved with proper proposals. Government concentrates on the conservation of water to make the next coming generation happy.

Himalayan River Systems

The Indus system, The Ganga system and the Brahmaputra system come under the Himalayan river systems.

1. The Indus System: 

  The Indus originates in Kailash range near Manasarovar. It enters Indian territory in Jammu and Kashmir. The Ravi, the Jhelum, the Chenab, the Beas and the Sutlej are its tributaries. 

2. The Ganga System: 

The Ganga is formed joining Bhagirathi with Alakananda which join at Devaprayag. It has large number of tributaries. 

3. The Brahmaputra System: 

The Brahmaputra rises from Kailash range near Manasarovar. It covers Tibet, and joins Arunachal Pradesh in India. It has different names in different places and is known as the Brahmaputra. The Dibang and the Lohit are its tributaries.