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1. d 

2. e 

3. a 

4. b 

5. c

Tertiary activity is divided into 2 types

Industries are classified on various bases in the following ways. On the basis of raw materials.

1. Agro Based Industries:

• These industries use plant and animal based products as their raw materials.
• Example; Food Processing, Vegetable Oil, Cotton Textile, Dairy Products, etc.

2. Mineral Based Industries: 

• These are the industries that use mineral ores as their raw materials.
• Iron made from iron ore is the product of mineral based industry. Cement,Machine Tools, etc. are the other examples of mineral based industries.

3. Marine Based Industries:

• These industries use products from the sea and oceans as raw materials.
• Example; Processed Sea Food, Fish Oil manufacturing units etc.

4. Forest Based Industries:

• These industries use forest products as their raw materials.
• Example; Pulp and Paper, Furniture and Some Pharmaceuticals industries, etc.

Correct option is (ii) Book binding industry

Correct option is (i) Old Delhi

Correct option is (ii) Corporate social responsibility

1. Information technology industry includes various components like searching for technical information, obtaining information, analyzing information, compiling information, graphic presentation of information and providing information. 

2. Information technology industry provides various types of information through internet on computers, mobiles and other devices. This industry provides information at comparatively less cost, time and efforts. 

3. The obtained information can be used for personal, economic, social, cultural, etc. development. India has made rapid progress in this industry.

Correct option is (iv) Food processing industry

1. According to Census, 2011, the population of India was nearly 121 crores.

2. In India, majority of people are engaged in agriculture. In India, agriculture is seasonal in nature. Therefore, the unemployment rate is found to be high in India. Therefore, it is essential to develop industries in India. 

3. By developing small industries, unemployed people will get employment opportunities. Small industries will help in providing jobs to less skilled, less educated people. 

4. By developing medium and large industries in rural areas, the process of urbanisation can be boosted in villages. It will also restrict migration of people from villages to towns and cities. The employment level in a nation can be raised by developing industries. Thus, considering India’s population, the development of industries is a good solution to the problem of unemployment.

(i) Textile industries, vehicle manufacturing industries, fertilizer manufacturing industries, etc. could develop in the regions of excellent transport facilities, skilled labours, uninterrupted supply of electricity.

(ii) Mining industries could develop in the regions of limestone deposits, cheap labour, uninterrupted supply of water and electricity, increasing urbanisation.

(iii) Fruit processing industries could develop in the regions of fruit orchards, labour, excellent transportation facilities, unlimited water supply, uninterrupted electricity and ready market.

(i) Incorrect. 

Correct sentence: Small and medium industries of a country are supportive to heavy industries.

(ii) Correct.

(iii) Correct.

(iv) Incorrect. 

Correct sentence: Corporate social responsibility is not compulsory for every industries.

1. Industrial development generates employment opportunities. 

2. Due to increased employment level, people get jobs and per capita income increases. This further increases the standard of living of people. 

3. Industrial development increases the value of the Gross National Product. 

4. Industrial development increases the production of various goods. By exporting the surplus goods, country can earn foreign exchange. In this way, industrial development positively impacts national development.

Correct option is (iv) Air

(i) This logo is about ‘Make in India’ programme.

(ii) This programme will boost the production of various industries located all over India.

(iii) This programme will generate employment opportunities on a large scale.

(iv) The Navratna industries in India are as follows :

1. Gas Authority of India 

2. Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited 

3. Coal India Limited 

4. Indian Oil Corporation Limite 

5. National Thermal Power Corporation 

6. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, etc.

(v) Navratna industries have been accorded the status of Navratna to function effectively to fulfill various needs of public.

(i) Incorrect. 

Correct sentence: Localization of iron and steel industry is found near Jamshedpur.

(ii) Incorrect. 

Correct sentence: India is predominant¬ly agrarian country

(iii) Correct.

(i) The name of the industry at Jamshedpur is Iron and steel industry.

(ii) Raw material required for this industry is iron, manganese, limestone, coal, etc.

(iii) This raw material is obtained from the areas of Jamshedpur, Kulaisila, Gurumahisani, Jgharia, etc.

(iv) Coal is used in this industry as fuel to heat iron to a certain temperature.

(v) It would not be feasible to set up an iron and steel industry in our district as there are no reserves of iron ore, manganese, limestone, etc. found in our district. 

The process of converting raw materials into finished goods is called manufacturing. ‘

1. Corporate social responsibility is responsibility shown by the industrialists by working for the betterment of the society and for conserving environment. 

2. Industries making annual profit of more than 5 crores are expected to spend 2% of their profits on some of the following acts:

• Providing educational or health facilities 
• Establishing centres for mentally or physically challenged, widows, other needy people
• Developing a particular village or region 
• Establishing environmental development centres, etc.

3. Corporate social responsibility increases the welfare of people and so proves beneficial to the society.

A place where raw materials are converted into finished goods is called a factory.

1. India is predominantly agrarian country. Agriculture is the main occupation of majority of people in India. 

2. In India, food crops, cash crops, fruits, flowers, vegetables, etc. are cultivated on a large scale. The agricultural produce provides raw material to many industries in India. For example, sugar cane is raw material for sugar industry. Thus many industries in India are agro-based industries. RIES 83 

3. The industries processing agricultural products like fruit processing industries, food processing industries, dairy industries, etc. have also flourished in India. 

4. Agro based industries play an important role in rural economy by generating employment opportunities in rural areas.

Three features of large industries ; are as follows:

1. Large industries require huge amount of inputs like capital, machinery and manpower. 

2. Large industries require huge premise for its day-to-day operations. 

3. The goods produced in large industries have wide markets.

(b) Mineral based

1. Large scale Industries

2. Small scale industries

1. Large scale Industries: The capital required for the establishment of an industry is more than one crore the industry is called as large scale industry. 

Eg : Iron & steel, Oil refineries, Cement and Textile industries etc.

2. Small scale industries: The capital required for the establishment of an industry is less than one crore, the industry is called small scale industry.

Eg : Silk weaving and household industries.

On the basis of ownership the industry can be divided into 4 types.

Geographical factors which affect the location of industries are:

1. Raw materials:

Industries like iron and steel and sugar industries are located near the place of availability of iron ore and sugar cane respectively.

2. Power:

Power is base and essential to run the entire industry. Power is mostly generated from the conventional sources like coal, mineral oil, and water.

3. Labour:

Availability of cheap and skilled labour is another important requirement. 

4. Transport:

It is needed for transporting raw materials to the industries and also for sending the finished products to the market. Availability of easy transportation always influences the location of an industry.

5. Storage and Warehousing:

Finished products should be stored at suitable storage or warehouse.

6. Topography: 

The site that is selected for the establishment of an industry must be flat.

7. Climate:

Extreme climate condition is not suitable for the successful industrial growth. Cool- humid climate is ideal for cotton textile industry. Hence Coimbatore and Tiruppur are important for Cotton Textile Industries.

8. Water Resources:

Availability of water is another important factor that influences the industrial location.

1. Joint Sector Industries:

• These types of industries are owned and operated jointly by the Government and Individuals or a group of individuals.
• Eg : Indian Oil Sky Tanking Ltd, Indian Synthetic Rubber Ltd, etc.

2. Co-operative Sector Industries:

• Industries of this kind are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials Or workers or both.
• Eg: Anand Milk Union Limited (AMUL) is the best example of the Co-operative sector.

The locational factors of industries are grouped into. 

1. Geographical factors and 

2. Non-Geographical factors 

1. Geographical factors include: 

• Raw Materials
• Power
• Labour 
• Transport 
• Storage and Warehousing 
• Topography 
• Climate and 
• Water resources. 

2. Non-Geographical factors include: 

• Capital 
• Availability of loans and 
• Government Policies / Regulations.

1. Private Sector Industries 

• These type of industries are owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals. 
• Eg : Bajaj Auto, Reliance, etc. 

2. Public Sector Industries: 

• These type of industries are owned and operated by the Government. 
• Eg: Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL), Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd (BHEL) etc.

(a) Small scale industry

1. Large scale industries: 

• The capital required for the establishment of an industry is more than one crore the industry is called as large scale industry.
• Iron and steel, Oil refineries, Cement and Textile industries are the best examples for large scale industries.

2. Small scale Industries: 

• The capital required for the establishment of an industry is less than one crore, the industry is called as small scale industry.
• Silk weaving and household industries belong to this category.

(c) Tertiary

1. The distribution of Industries in India is highly uneven.

2. This is so partly on account of uneven distribution of the necessary raw materials and power resources.

3. And partly due to the contributes of enterprises, financial resources and other necessary condition in large towns.

4. Where there is good transport system, the industries flourish.

5. India’s regional growth performance has been particularly uneven.

6. Jharkhar|d, Orissa, Chattisgarh, Parts of Rajasthan, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu account for most of the reserves of metallic minerals. These are located particularly in north eastern part of Peninsula.

7. Agro based industries including Cotton, Jute and Sugar are heavily concentrated in the raw material producing areas.

8. The coastal belt of Kerala has a heavy concentration of coir, copra and fish carrying industries.

1. Agro based industries: 

• These industries use plant and animal based products as their raw materials.
• Example; Food Processing, Vegetable Oil, Cotton Textile, Dairy Products, etc. 

2. Marine based Industries: 

• These industries use products from the sea and oceans as raw materials. 
• Example; Processed Sea Food, Fish Oil manufacturing units etc.

Any action that involves in the production, distribution, consumption or services is an economic activity.

1. Quinary economic activities refer to the high level decision making processes by executives in industries,business, education, and government. 

2. This sector include top executives or officials in the fields of science and technology, universities health care etc. 

3. In our house, our parents make decisions by themselves in some situations. Similarly, the Council of Ministers take decisions to introduce various people welfare schemes in the state.

4. These two are examples of quinary activities.

1. Tertiary 

2. Quaternary/Quinary 

3. Quinary 

4. Agro based 

5. one crore

1. Secondary economic activity:

• Secondary activities are those that change raw materials into usable products through processing and manufacturing.
• Bakeries that make flour into bread and factories that change metals and plastics into vehicles are examples of secondary activities.

2. Tertiary economic activity: 

• Tertiary economic activities are those that provide essential services and support the industries to function. Often it is called service industries.
• It includes the transportation, finance, utilities, education, housing, medical and other services

Chennai is known as Detroit of India.

1. Secondary activities are those that change raw materials into usable products through processing and manufacturing.

2. Bakeries that make flour into bread and factories that change metals and plastics into vehicles are examples of secondary activities.

The major economic activities are:

• Primary Economic Activities (e.g., Raw cotton production) 
• Secondary Economic Activities (e.g., Spinning mill) 
• Tertiary Economic Activities (e.g., Trade,Transport)

1. Quaternary Economic Activity:

• Quaternary economic activities are associated with the creation and transfer of information, including research and training. Often called information industries.
• This level has been dramatic growth as a result of advancements in technology and electronic display and transmission of information, e.g., Television.

2. Quinary Economic Activity:

• Quinary economic activities refer to the high level decision making processes by executives in industries, business, education, and government. 
• This sector include top executives or officials in the fields of science and technology, universities, health care etc.

1. Primary Economic Activity:

• These are the economic activities which have been originated in the very beginning.
• It includes the activities such as, forestry, grazing, hunting, food gathering, fishing, agriculture, mining, and quarrying.

2. Secondary Economic Activity:

• These secondary activities are those that change raw materials into usable products through processing and manufacturing.
• Bakeries that make flour into bread and factories that change metals and plastics into vehicles.

1. Primary economic activity :

• These are the economic activitie
• It includes the activities such as, forestry, grazing, hunting, food gathering, fishing, agriculture, mining, and quarrying.

2. Secondary economic activity :

• Secondary activities are those that change raw materials into usable products through processing and manufacturing.
• Bakeries that make flour into bread and factories that change metals and plastics into vehicles are examples of secondary activities.

3. Tertiary economic activity :

• Tertiary economic activities are those that provide essential serv ices and support the industries to function.
• Often it is called service industries, which includes transportation, finance, utilities, education etc. Tertiary activity is further sub divided into Quaternary and Quinary activities.
• Quaternary activities are associated with the creation and transfer of information, including research and training.
• Quinary activity refer to the high level decision making processes by executives in industries, business, education, and government.

1. Detroit city in Michigan State, USA is known as the world’s traditional automotive centre.

2. In India, Chennai is known as ‘Detroit of India.

3. It has the world famous automobile industries such as GM, Ford, Hyundai and Mahindra.

4. The city accounts for 60% of the country’s automotive exports.

Importance of the Service Sector: 

1. Service Sector is one of the largest sectors of India.

2. Currently this sector is the backbone of the Indian economy. 

3. It contributes around 53% of the Indian Gross Domestic Product.

1. In most cases, it is not possible to start an industry with enough capital in hand.

2. So the investors seek loan to start the industries.

3. Thus, the organizational set up which provides loan and insurance are required.

(c) Quaternary activity

(b) Service Sector

(c) both a and b